复杂层状岩基上重力坝极限抗震能力评估方法初探
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摘要
针对复杂层状岩基上典型工程的特点,从结构系统功能的潜在失效模式出发,利用数值仿真分析方法,结合基于功能的地震破坏等级评价模型、基于断裂力学的坝体开裂行为分析模型和基于变形体突变的系统极限承载力分析评价模型,建议从坝体混凝土损伤破坏等级、开裂破坏模式、坝基岩体极限承载能力和系统稳定性突变等方面综合评价大型重力坝的极限抗震能力.实例分析结果表明,阿海重力坝溢流坝段极限抗震能力为0.550g～0.600g.基于数值试验的极限抗震能力综合评估方法,可以全面考虑各种关键性能对极限抗震能力的影响,避免了单一收敛性或系统突变评价准则的缺陷,在一定程度上弥补了振动台模型试验的不足.
The performance failure of the gravity dam under ultimate seismic load is on important characteristic which means its aseismic capability has reached the limit,but there is no unified standard reference to make the evaluation.Based on the characteristics of typical engineering and the potential failure modes,with performance-based seismic damage assessment model,cracking behavior analysis model as well as the foundation stabilization safety and limit load carrying capacity analysis model,the maximum aseismic capability was studied and evaluated by focusing the emphasis on damage levels,cracking extending mode,foundation load carrying capacity and displacement jump of typical position for the gravity dams on complex layered rock foundation.Example results show that the maximum aseismic capability of the overfall section of Ahai gravity dam is evaluated as 0.550g—0.600g.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the maximum aseismic capability evaluation by considering the comprehensive influence of the key performance failure.It avoids the shortage of the single convergence or abrupt system changeover criteria,and also overcomes the shortage of the experimental research to some extent.
The performance failure of the gravity dam under ultimate seismic load is on important characteristic which means its aseismic capability has reached the limit,but there is no unified standard reference to make the evaluation.Based on the characteristics of typical engineering and the potential failure modes,with performance-based seismic damage assessment model,cracking behavior analysis model as well as the foundation stabilization safety and limit load carrying capacity analysis model,the maximum aseismic capability was studied and evaluated by focusing the emphasis on damage levels,cracking extending mode,foundation load carrying capacity and displacement jump of typical position for the gravity dams on complex layered rock foundation.Example results show that the maximum aseismic capability of the overfall section of Ahai gravity dam is evaluated as 0.550g—0.600g.The proposed method has been successfully applied to the maximum aseismic capability evaluation by considering the comprehensive influence of the key performance failure.It avoids the shortage of the single convergence or abrupt system changeover criteria,and also overcomes the shortage of the experimental research to some extent.
引文
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[13]Hilleborg A,Modeer M,Petersson P E.Analysis ofcrack of formation and crack growth in concrete bymeans of fracture mechanics and finite elements[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1976,6(6):773-782.
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[16]张社荣,王高辉,王超.混凝土重力拱坝极限抗震能力评价方法初探[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2012,44(1):7-12.Zhang Sherong,Wang Gaohui,Wang Chao.Prelimi-nary study on the ultimate seismic capacity evaluation ofconcrete gravity arch dam[J].Journal of Sichuan Uni-versity:Engineering Science Edition,2012,44(1):7-12(in Chinese).
[2]Shen Chonggang,Chen Houqun,Zhang Chuhan,etal.Earthquakes induced by reservoir impounding andtheir effect on Hsingfengkiang dam[J].ScientiaSinica,1974,17(2):239-272.
[3]范书立,陈健云,周晶,等.龙开口水电站溢流坝段动力模型破坏试验研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(增):195-199.Fan Shuli,Chen Jianyun,Zhou Jing,et al.Experi-mental research on overfall section dynamic rupture ofLongkaikou project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineer-ing,2007,38(Suppl):195-199(in Chinese).
[4]李昇,张社荣,贾璐,等.强震作用下混凝土重力坝破坏模式研究[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(2):22-26.Li Sheng,Zhang Sherong,Jia Lu,et al.Study on fail-ure mode for concrete gravity dam under impact ofstrong earthquake[J].Water Conservancy and Hydro-power Technology,2010,41(2):22-26(in Chinese).
[5]周伟,常晓林.高混凝土重力坝复杂坝基稳定安全度及极限承载能力研究[J].岩土力学,2006(增1):161-166.Zhou Wei,Chang Xiaolin.Study of stabilization safetyand limit load carrying capacity for complex foundationof high concrete gravity dam[J].Rock and Soil Mechan-ics,2006(Suppl 1):161-166(in Chinese).
[6]Ghanaat Y.Failure modes approach to safety evaluationof dams[C]//13th World Conf on Earthquake Eng.Can-ada,2004:1115-1-15.
[7]沈怀至,张楚汉,寇立夯.基于功能的混凝土重力坝地震破坏评价模型[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2007,47(12):29-32.Shen Huaizhi,Zhang Chuhan,Kou Lihang.Perform-ance-based seismic damage assessment model of con-crete gravity dams[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2007,47(12):29-32(inChinese).
[8]Pekau O A,Cui Yuzhu.Failure analysis of fractureddams during earthquakes by DEM[J].Engineering Struc-tures,2004,26(10):1483-1502.
[9]张楚汉,王光纶.水利水电工程科学前沿[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.Zhang Chuhan,Wang Guanglun.Frontier Problems ofWater Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002(in Chinese).
[10]Lee J,Fenves G L.A plastic-damage concrete model forearthquake analysis of dams[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Structural Dynamics,1998,127(9):937-956.
[11]William K J,Warnke E P.Constitutive model for thetriaxial behavior of concrete[C]//Proceedings of Interna-tional Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.Bergamo:ISMES,1975:1-30.
[12]沈怀至,周元德,王进廷.基于弥散裂缝模型的重力坝简化地震分析[J].水利学报,2007,38(10):1221-1227.Shen Huaizhi,Zhou Yuande,Wang Jinting.Simplifiedearthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams usingsmeared crack approach[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engi-neering,2007,38(10):1221-1227(in Chinese).
[13]Hilleborg A,Modeer M,Petersson P E.Analysis ofcrack of formation and crack growth in concrete bymeans of fracture mechanics and finite elements[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1976,6(6):773-782.
[14]de Borst R.Fracture in quasi-brittle materials:A reviewof continuum damage-based approaches[J].EngineeringFracture Mechanics,2002,69(2):95-112.
[15]Chopra A K,Chakrabarti P.The Koyna earthquake andthe damage to Koyna dam[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1973,63(2):381-397.
[16]张社荣,王高辉,王超.混凝土重力拱坝极限抗震能力评价方法初探[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2012,44(1):7-12.Zhang Sherong,Wang Gaohui,Wang Chao.Prelimi-nary study on the ultimate seismic capacity evaluation ofconcrete gravity arch dam[J].Journal of Sichuan Uni-versity:Engineering Science Edition,2012,44(1):7-12(in Chinese).
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