南天山乌什前陆逆冲褶皱构造带的晚新生代构造地貌特征与地震活动
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摘要
乌什逆冲断褶带位于南天山库车前陆逆冲褶皱构造带的西段,对该地区晚新生代构造活动的研究有利于加深对南天山前陆逆冲构造带的认识。本文通过对卫星遥感影像和DEM数据的解译分析,并结合研究区野外考察及典型地震反射剖面的分析,表明乌什逆冲断褶带东部地貌演化受褶皱生长影响较为深刻,发育一系列由新到老的冲积扇和风口。台兰河中游河流阶地和冰碛物均被秋里塔格断层错断,阶地断距为3.1～6.7 m,台兰期冰碛物(M_2)断距约80 m。秋里塔格断裂第四纪以来水平缩短速率约为1.23～1.59 mm/a。西部地区发育一系列逆冲断层,并发育典型的活动断层陡坎。乌什凹陷地震活动也具有明显的西强东弱的特点,地震活动具有沿断层呈带状分布的特点。乌什逆冲断褶带位于南天山造山带东西构造的转换地带,地震活动西部明显强于东部,且具有呈带状沿南天山及其山前逆冲断裂带分布的特点。历史地震分析表明上个世纪以来该区域未有7级以上地震发生,但其西部地区6级以上地震频发,随着阿克苏地区区域经济的快速发展和人口的快速增长,乌什逆冲断褶带的地震活动性应该引起地质学家更加深入的关注和研究。
The Wushi thrust-and-fold belt is an important structural transfer zone,which is located on the western segment of the Kuqa thrust-and-fold belt in the southern Tian Shan. Based on analysis of satellite images and DEM(digital elevation modal) data as well as field observations, our work suggest that the geomorphology evolution of the east part of the Wushi sag was strongly affected by folds propagation. A series of alluvial fans and wind gaps, which become younger from west to east, indicate that the Kumala River has diverted eastward with the uplifting and eastward growth of Tumuxiukexi anticline. The Qiulitage fault displaced fluvial terraces of the Tailan River with fault scarps from 3. 1 to 6. 7 m. Meanwhile, the vertical displacement of moraine deposits ( M_2 ) during Tailan glacial period reaches 80 m. The vertical displacement implies that the shortening rate of 1. 23 ～ 1. 59 mm/a on the Qiulitage fault. Earthquake activities are not uniformly distributed along the Wushi fault-and-fold belt, and the western part is stronger than that in the eastern part. Distribution of seismicities has a close relationship with active thrusting faults in the Wushi thrust-and-fold belt. Historical seismic events related to active thrust-and-fold belt are not larger than magnitude of 7 in the Wushi-Aksu region during the last century. However, large continental thrust events with magnitude ≥6 were frequently occurred in this region. Thus,we should pay a great attention to continental thrust events in the future with rapid growth of population in the Aksu area.
The Wushi thrust-and-fold belt is an important structural transfer zone,which is located on the western segment of the Kuqa thrust-and-fold belt in the southern Tian Shan. Based on analysis of satellite images and DEM(digital elevation modal) data as well as field observations, our work suggest that the geomorphology evolution of the east part of the Wushi sag was strongly affected by folds propagation. A series of alluvial fans and wind gaps, which become younger from west to east, indicate that the Kumala River has diverted eastward with the uplifting and eastward growth of Tumuxiukexi anticline. The Qiulitage fault displaced fluvial terraces of the Tailan River with fault scarps from 3. 1 to 6. 7 m. Meanwhile, the vertical displacement of moraine deposits ( M_2 ) during Tailan glacial period reaches 80 m. The vertical displacement implies that the shortening rate of 1. 23 ～ 1. 59 mm/a on the Qiulitage fault. Earthquake activities are not uniformly distributed along the Wushi fault-and-fold belt, and the western part is stronger than that in the eastern part. Distribution of seismicities has a close relationship with active thrusting faults in the Wushi thrust-and-fold belt. Historical seismic events related to active thrust-and-fold belt are not larger than magnitude of 7 in the Wushi-Aksu region during the last century. However, large continental thrust events with magnitude ≥6 were frequently occurred in this region. Thus,we should pay a great attention to continental thrust events in the future with rapid growth of population in the Aksu area.
引文
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何登发,贾承造.2005． 冲断构造与油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,32(2) :55-62． He Dengfa and Jia Chengzao.2005． Trust tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(2) :55-62．
何登发,John Suppe.2007． 三角剪切断层传播褶皱作用理论与应用.地学前缘,14(4) :66-73．He Dengfa and John Suppe.2007． Theory and application of tri-shear fault propagation folding.Earth Science Frontiers,14(4) :66-73．
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何登发,贾承造.2005． 冲断构造与油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,32(2) :55-62． He Dengfa and Jia Chengzao.2005． Trust tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(2) :55-62．
何登发,John Suppe.2007． 三角剪切断层传播褶皱作用理论与应用.地学前缘,14(4) :66-73．He Dengfa and John Suppe.2007． Theory and application of tri-shear fault propagation folding.Earth Science Frontiers,14(4) :66-73．
李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,罗俊成,郑多明,刘亚雷.2009． 南天山区域大地构造与演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1) :94-104． Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhao Yan,Luo Juncheng,Zheng Duoming and Liu Yalei.2009． Tectonic framework and evolution of south Tianshan,NW China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1) :94-104．
李锦轶,王克卓,李亚萍,孙桂华,褚春华,李丽群,朱志新.2006． 天山山脉地貌特征、地壳组成与地质演化.地质通报,25(8) :895-909Li Jinyi,Wang Kezhuo,Li Yaping,Sun Guihua,Chu Chunhua,Li Liqun and Zhu Zhixin.2006． Geomorphological features, crustal composition and geological evolution of the Tianshan Mountains.Geological Bulletin of China,25(8) :895-909．
卢华复,John Suppe,Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari,贾东,王胜利,阎福礼,印栋浩,陈剑.2001新疆佳木地区的第四纪断层.科学通报,46(19) :1650-1654 Lu Huafu,John Suppe,Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari,Jia Dong,Wang Shengli,Yan Fuli,Yin Donghan and Chen Jian.2002． The Quaternary fault in Jiamu area,the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region.Chinese Science Bulletin,47(6) :494-499．
苗继军,贾承造,戴金星,王招明,张君峰2005． 南天山前陆冲断带中段乌什-温宿地区构造分析与油气成藏.天然气地质学,16(4) :428-432．Miao Jijun,Jia Chengzao,Dai Jinxing,Wang Zhaoming and Zhang Junfeng.2005． Structural analysis and hydrocarbon formation history of Wushi-Wensu area in the mid-south Tianshan foreland thrust belt.Natrural Gas Geoscience,16(4) :428-432．
苏乃秦2006． 2005年2月15日新疆乌什县6． 3级地震后震情和灾情快速判定.内陆地震,20(1) :18-24． Su Naiqin.2006． Fast judgment of earthquake trend and disaster situation after Wushi earthquake of M_S 6． 3,on Feb.15,2005,in Xinjiang.Nland Earthquake,20(1) :18-24．
孙龙德,李曰俊,宋文杰,田作基,王国林,邬光辉.2002． 塔里木盆地北部构造与油气分布规律.地质科学,37(增刊):1-13． Sun Longde,Li Yuejun,Song Wenjie,Tian Zuoji,Wang Guolin and Wu Guanghui.2002． Tectonics and oil-gas distribution in the north Tarim Basin,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,37(suppl.):1-13．
汪新,Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari,John Suppe.2001． 晚更新世以来南天山阿克苏地区地壳缩短率.地质科学,36(2) :195-202． Wang Xin,Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari and John Suppe.2001． Shortening rate since Late Pleistocene in Aksu area,southern flank of Tianshan,China.Chinese Journal of Geology,36(2) :195-202．
夏义平,徐礼贵,李树新,郑良合,王贵重,王志勇.2009． 塔里木盆地乌什凹陷晚新生代构造变形特征与油气.新疆地质,27(3) :259-262．Xia Yiping,Xu Ligui,Li Shuxin,Zheng Lianghe,Wang Guizhong and Wang Zhiyong.2009． Late Cenozoic structural deformation features and petroleum of Wushi sag of Tarim Basin,NW China.Xinjiang Geology,27(3) :259-262．
杨少敏,李杰,王琪.2008． GPS研究天山现今变形与断层活动.中国科学(D辑),38(7) :872-880． Yang Shaomin,Li Jie and Wang Qi.2008． The deformation pattern and fault rate in the Tianshan Mountains inferred from GPS observations.Science in China(Series D),51(8) :1064-1080．
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,彭斯震,徐锡伟1996． 天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题.中国地震,12(2) :127-140． Zhang Peizhen,Deng Qidong,Yang Xiaoping,Peng Sizhen and Xu Xiwei.1996． Late Cenozoic tectonic deformation and mechanism along the Tianshan Mountain,northwestern China.Earthquake Research in China,12(2) :127-140．
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