反倾层状结构岩质边坡动力响应特性及破坏机制振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
采用物理模型试验,研究强震作用下反倾层状结构岩质边坡动力响应特征及破坏过程。试验结果表明:(1)加速度放大系数具有随坡高而增大,且越接近坡顶放大越明显的非线性高程效应及越接近坡表放大越强烈的非线性趋表效应。(2)基本以3/4坡高为界,此高度以上,边坡水平加速度放大效应明显高于垂直加速度,而此高度以下,垂直加速度放大效应较明显。(3)地震波频率对加速度放大系数影响最大,当地震波频率越接近坡体自振频率时,加速度放大越明显,且边坡出现波动特性的坡高越低。(4)加速度峰值不改变动力加速度放大系数在坡体内的分布,但加速度峰值越高,边坡动力加速度放大系数越大。(5)反倾层状结构边坡在地震力作用下的破坏过程主要为:地震诱发→坡顶结构面张开→坡体浅表层结构面张开→浅表层结构面张开数量增加、张开范围向深处发展,且坡体中出现块体剪断现象→边坡中、上部及表层岩体结构松动,坡体内出现顺坡向弧形贯通裂缝。试验中出现的变形分带现象进一步证明了动力加速度放大系数在坡体内分布的非线性。
Dynamic response characteristics and failure process of antidip layered rock slope under strong earthquake are studied by large-scale shaking table model test inputting sine wave in X-direction and XZ-direction.Testing results show that:(1) Acceleration amplification coefficients increase nonlinearly with the increase of slope height.The slope has the nonlinear height effect,i.e.more obvious of amplification more closing to slope top,and nonlinear surface effect,i.e.more intensity of amplification more closing to surface.(2) 3/4 of slope height is the critical height.Horizontal acceleration is amplified more obviously than vertical acceleration while above the height;but when below the height,the vertical acceleration is amplified more obviously.(3) The effect of frequency of seismic wave on the acceleration amplification coefficients is the largest.While the seismic frequency approaches to slope body?s natural frequency,the amplification effect is more obvious and the critical height is lower.(4) The amplitude of acceleration has no influence on distribution of its amplification coefficients in slope;but the larger the amplitude of acceleration is,the more the amplification coefficient is.(5) Failure process of the antidip layered rock slope under earthquake is divided into the following stages:earthquake induction;opening of structural surface at the top of slope;opening of structural surface at slope surface;increases of opening number of surface structural surfaces and depth of opening range,model blocks shearing broken at inner slope;rock structure loose at upper part and slope surface and arc transfixion crack along slope appearing.The zonal deformation phenomenon in the test has testified that distribution of acceleration coefficient in slope body is nonlinear.
Dynamic response characteristics and failure process of antidip layered rock slope under strong earthquake are studied by large-scale shaking table model test inputting sine wave in X-direction and XZ-direction.Testing results show that:(1) Acceleration amplification coefficients increase nonlinearly with the increase of slope height.The slope has the nonlinear height effect,i.e.more obvious of amplification more closing to slope top,and nonlinear surface effect,i.e.more intensity of amplification more closing to surface.(2) 3/4 of slope height is the critical height.Horizontal acceleration is amplified more obviously than vertical acceleration while above the height;but when below the height,the vertical acceleration is amplified more obviously.(3) The effect of frequency of seismic wave on the acceleration amplification coefficients is the largest.While the seismic frequency approaches to slope body?s natural frequency,the amplification effect is more obvious and the critical height is lower.(4) The amplitude of acceleration has no influence on distribution of its amplification coefficients in slope;but the larger the amplitude of acceleration is,the more the amplification coefficient is.(5) Failure process of the antidip layered rock slope under earthquake is divided into the following stages:earthquake induction;opening of structural surface at the top of slope;opening of structural surface at slope surface;increases of opening number of surface structural surfaces and depth of opening range,model blocks shearing broken at inner slope;rock structure loose at upper part and slope surface and arc transfixion crack along slope appearing.The zonal deformation phenomenon in the test has testified that distribution of acceleration coefficient in slope body is nonlinear.
引文
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[15]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696–702.(YANG Guoxiang,WU Faquan,DONG Jinyu,et al.Study ondynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slopeunder earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696–702.(in Chinese))
[16]王汉鹏,李术才,郑学芬,等.地质力学模型试验新技术研究进展及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2765–2771.(WANG Hanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHENG Xuefen,et al.Researchprogress of geomechanical model test with new technology and itsengineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 765–2 771.(in Chinese))
[17]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842–1847.(WANGHanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qiangyong,et al.Development of anew geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1 842–1 847.(in Chinese))
[18]韩伯鲤,陈霞龄,宋一乐,等.岩体相似材料的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1997,30(2):6–9.(HAN Boli,CHEN Xialing,SONGYile,et al.Research on similar material of rockmass[J].Journal ofWuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1997,30(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(12):2 585–2 591.(in Chinese))
[2]周德培,张建经,汤涌.汶川地震中道路边坡工程震害分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):565–576.(ZHOU Depei,ZHANG Jianjing,TANG Yong.Seismic damage analysis of roadslopes in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):565–576.(in Chinese))
[3]祁生文.边坡动力响应及应用研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2002.(QI Shengwen.Study ondynamic responses of slopes and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy ofSciences,2002.(in Chinese))
[4]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714–1723.(ZHENGYingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Discussion and analysis offailure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquakeeffect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 714–1 723.(in Chinese))
[5]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385–2394.(LIHaibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis ofbedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 385–2 394.(in Chinese))
[6]CLOUGH R W,PIRTZ D.Earthquake resistance of rockfill dams[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1956,82(2):1–26.
[7]SEED H B,CLOUGH R W.Earthquake resistance of sloping coredam[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1963,89(1):209–242.
[8]刘小生,王钟宁.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:12–35.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANGZhongning.Advancement of technology on shaking table model testand dynamic analysis of CFRD[M].Beijing:China Water PowerPress,2005:12–35.(in Chinese))
[9]左熹,陈国兴,王志华,等.近远场地地震动作用下地铁车站结构地基液化效应的振动台试验[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3733–3 740.(ZUO Xi,CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,et al.Shaking tableon ground liquefaction effect on soil-metro station structure undernear-and-far field ground motions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3 733–3 740.(in Chinese))
[10]OKAMOTO S.Introduction to earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1973:23–56.
[11]KAGAWA T.On the similitude in model vibration tests of earthstructures[J].Proceedings of Japan Society of Civil Engineering,1978,(275):69–77.
[12]IAI S.Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid modelin 1g gravitational field[J].Soils and Foundations,1989,29(1):105–118.
[13]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:84–92.(LUO Xianqi,GE Xiurun.Theory andapplication of model test on landslide[M].Beijing:China Water PowerPress,2008:84–92.(in Chinese))
[14]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1–8.(LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Journal ofDalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[15]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696–702.(YANG Guoxiang,WU Faquan,DONG Jinyu,et al.Study ondynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slopeunder earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696–702.(in Chinese))
[16]王汉鹏,李术才,郑学芬,等.地质力学模型试验新技术研究进展及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增1):2765–2771.(WANG Hanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHENG Xuefen,et al.Researchprogress of geomechanical model test with new technology and itsengineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2 765–2 771.(in Chinese))
[17]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842–1847.(WANGHanpeng,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qiangyong,et al.Development of anew geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1 842–1 847.(in Chinese))
[18]韩伯鲤,陈霞龄,宋一乐,等.岩体相似材料的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1997,30(2):6–9.(HAN Boli,CHEN Xialing,SONGYile,et al.Research on similar material of rockmass[J].Journal ofWuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,1997,30(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
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