智能井监测技术研究进展
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摘要
介绍了智能井的结构和优化控制方法,分类介绍了智能井井内监测技术和井外储层成像技术。在井内监测技术中,回顾了基于石英晶体谐振的永久井下测量仪以及基于拉曼背向散射和布拉格光栅技术的井下光纤传感器的工作原理、检测参数及油田应用;在井外成像技术中,详述了四维地震、连续电法测量、四维重力和井下雷达监测技术的原理、方法及研究进展。建议从技术层面和经济层面上综合考虑智能井传感器技术的发展。
This paper introduces the structure and production control strategies of smart well technology,and reviews the in-well monitoring technology and reservoir imaging technology of smart well.In the in-well monitoring,we illustrate the operating principles,monitoring parameters,and field applications of Permanent Downhole Gauge based on resonant quartz crystals,and downhole permanent optic-fiber sensors based on backscattered Raman-band and Bragg-grating.In the reservoir imaging,we illustrate the operating principles,methods and research advances of 4D seismic,Dynamic Reservoir Drainage Imaging,4D gravity,and borehole radar.We suggest that both technological evolution and economic evaluation should be considered when developing smart well sensing technology.
This paper introduces the structure and production control strategies of smart well technology,and reviews the in-well monitoring technology and reservoir imaging technology of smart well.In the in-well monitoring,we illustrate the operating principles,monitoring parameters,and field applications of Permanent Downhole Gauge based on resonant quartz crystals,and downhole permanent optic-fiber sensors based on backscattered Raman-band and Bragg-grating.In the reservoir imaging,we illustrate the operating principles,methods and research advances of 4D seismic,Dynamic Reservoir Drainage Imaging,4D gravity,and borehole radar.We suggest that both technological evolution and economic evaluation should be considered when developing smart well sensing technology.
引文
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[3]Jansen J D,Douma S D,Brouwer D R.Close-loop reservoirmanagement[C].SPE Reservoir Simulation Sympoium,Woodland:Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2009:SPE119098.
[4]Ebadi F,Davies D R.Should“proactive”or“reactive”controlbe chosen for intelligent well management[C].IntelligentEnergy Conference and Exhibition,Amsterdam:Society of Pe-troleum Engineers Inc.,2006:SPE 99929.
[5]Drakeley B K,Johansen E S,Zisk E,et al.In-well optical sens-ing-state-of-the-art applications and future direction for in-creasing value in production-optimization systems[C].Intelli-gent Energy Conference and Exhibition,Amsterdam:Societyof Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2006:SPE 99696.
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[7]Tolan M,Boyle M,Williams G.The use of fiber-optic distribu-ted temperature sensing and remote hydraulically operated in-terval control valves for the management of water productionin the Douglas field[C].SPE Annual Technical Conferenceand Exhibition,New Orleans:Society of Petroleum EngineersInc.,2001:SPE 71676.
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[12]O′Donovan A R,Smith S G,Kristiansen P.Foinaven 4Dseis-mic-dynamic reservoir parameters and reservoir management[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Dal-las:Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2000:SPE 63294.
[13]严建文.四维地震技术与油藏强化开采[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998(增刊1):112-121.
[14]甘利灯.四维地震技术及其在水驱油藏监测中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2003.
[15]甘利灯,姚逢昌,杜文辉,等.水驱油藏四维地震技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2007(4):437-444.
[16]甘利灯,姚逢昌,邹才能,等.水驱四维地震技术可行性研究及其盲区[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003(1):24-29.
[17]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998(6):707-715.
[18]于华,关继腾,程媛媛.储层岩石流动电位的电化学影响因素[J].物探与化探,2012(1):73-77.
[19]张峰.地层深部流体流动电位实验研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010.
[20]Jaafar M Z,Jackson M D,Saunders J,et al.Measurements ofstreaming potential for downhole monitoring in intelligentwells[C].SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference,Bahrain::Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2009:SPE120460.
[21]Jackson M D,Gulamali M,Leinov E,et al.Real-time measure-ments of spontaneous potential for inflow monitoring in intelli-gent wells[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibi-tion,Florence::Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2010:SPE 135146.
[22]Jackson M D,Saunders J H,Addiego-Guevara E.Developmentand application of new downhole technology to detect water en-croachment toward intelligent wells[C].SPE Annual Techni-cal Conference and Exhibition,Dallas::Society of PetroleumEngineers Inc.,2005:SPE 97063.
[23]Jackson M D,Vinogradov J,Saunders J H,et al.Laboratorymeasurements and numerical modeling of streaming potentialfor downhole monitoring in intelligent wells[J].SPE Journal,2011(3):625-636.
[24]Miorali M,Slob E,Arts R.A feasibility study of borehole ra-dar as a permanent downhole sensor[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,2011,59(1):120-131.
[25]Miorali M,Zhou F,Slob E,et al.Coupling ground penetratingradar and fluid flow modeling for oilfield monitoring applica-tions[J].Geophysics,2011,76(3):21-25.
[26]Aitokhuehi I,Durlofsky L J.Optimizing the performance ofsmart wells in complex reservoirs using continuously updatedgeological models[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engi-neering,2005,48(3/4):254-264.
[27]Brouwer D R.Dynamic waterflood optimization with smartwells using optimal control theory[D].Delft University ofTechnology,2004.
[28]Brouwer D R,Jansen J D.Dynamic optimization of waterflooding with smart wells using optimal control theory[C].European Petroleum Conference,Aberdeen::Society of Petro-leum Engineers Inc.,2002:SPE 78278.
[29]Brouwer D R,Jansen J D,van der Starre S,et al.Recovery in-crease through water flooding with smart well technology[C].SPE European Formation Damage Conference,The Hague::Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,Netherlands,2001:SPE68979.
[30]Meum P,Tndel P,Godhavn J M,et al.Optimization of smartwell production through nonlinear model predictive control[C].Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition,Amster-dam::Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2008SPE 112100.
[31]Saputelli L,Nikolaou M,Economides M J.Real-time reservoirmanagement:A multiscale adaptive optimization and controlapproach[J].Computational Geosciences,2006,10(1):61-96.
[32]Netland S O,Haugen V,Samsonsen B,et al.Smart well tech-nology applied to a horizontal subsea well at Gullfaks satellites[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2004:SPE90793.
[33]Dolle N,Singh P,Paino W F,et al.Gas management,reservoirsurveillance,and smart wells:An integrated solution for theBugan field[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhi-bition,Dallas::Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.,2005:SPE 86214.
[34]Elmsallati S M,Davies D R,Erlandsen S M.A case study ofvalue generation with intelligent well technology in a high pro-ductivity,thin oil rim reservoir[C].SPE Middle East Oil andGas Show and Conference,Bahrain:Society of Petroleum En-gineer Inc.,2005:SPE 94995.
[35]Erlandsen S M.Production experience from smart wells in theOseberg field[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Ex-hibition,Dallas::Society of Petroleum Engineer Inc.,2000:SPE 62953.
[36]Rester S,Thomas J,Hilten M P,et al.Application of intelli-gent completion technology to optimize the reservoir manage-ment of a deepwater gulf of Mexico field:A reservoir simula-tion case study[C].SPE Annual Technical Conference and Ex-hibition,Houston:Society of Petroleum Engineer Inc.,1999:SPE 56670.
[37]倪杰,李海涛,龙学渊.智能完井新技术[J].海洋石油,2006(2):84-87.
[38]刘均荣,姚军,张凯.智能井技术现状与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2007(6):107-110.
[39]曲从锋,王兆会,袁进平.智能完井的发展现状和趋势[J].国外油田工程,2010,26(7):28-31.
[40]肖述琴,陈军斌,屈展.智能完井综合系统[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004(2):37-40,44-91.
[41]胡勤耕,张昕.国外智能井系统流量控制关键技术分析[J].中国仪器仪表,2011(12):50-53.
[42]钱杰,沈泽俊,张卫平,等.中国智能完井技术发展的机遇与挑战[J].石油地质与工程,2009,23(2):76-79.
[43]许胜,陈贻累,杨元坤,等.智能井井下仪器研究现状及应用前景[J].石油仪器,2011(1):46-48.
[44]许胜,何东升.基于高温单片机的智能井井下数据采集系统设计[J].仪表技术与传感器,2011(2):51-53.
[45]盛磊祥,许亮斌,蒋世全,等.智能完井井下流量阀液压控制系统设计[J].石油矿场机械,2012(4):34-38.
[46]赵辉.油藏开发闭合生产优化理论研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2011.
[47]余金陵,魏新芳.胜利油田智能完井技术研究新进展[J].石油钻探技术,2011(2):68-72.
[48]Nestlerode W A.The use of pressure data from permanentlyinstalled bottom hole pressure gauges[C].Denver:Society ofPetroleum Engineer Inc.,1963:SPE 12593.
[49]Eck J,Ewherido U,Mohammed J.Downhole monitoring:Thestory so far[J].Oilfield review,1999,11(4):20-33.
[50]ROCTMpermanent downhole gauges[EB/OL](2012).http://www.halliburton.com/ps/default.aspxnavid=2367&pageid=2548&prodgrpid=PRG%3A%3AK4QN6M4VY.
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