基于“投资―效益”准则的结构全寿命总费用模型
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摘要
作为基于结构性能抗震设计的重要原则,"投资―效益"准则反映了抗震设计思想由只注重结构安全到综合考虑技术、经济、社会等诸多因素影响的转变,而结构性能水平和抗震性能目标是实现这一准则的前提和基础。采用五级结构性能水平细化现行规范给出的三水准设防,以层间位移角为定量指标,建立了结构性能水平与层间位移角限值之间一一对应的关系。提出抗震性能目标优化决策,根据最优设防烈度并引入地震危险性分析,建立了基于"投资―效益"准则的结构全寿命总费用模型。该模型规避了直接求解体系可靠度的复杂过程,将问题转化为求解结构的失效概率。其优点在于既能考虑结构的初始造价,又充分根据结构性能失效的特点考虑结构在各级性能水平下的损失期望,全面注重了结构性能、安全及经济等条件,体现了基于性能的抗震设计理念。
As an important principle in the performance-based seismic design theory,the cost-effectiveness criterion reflects the changing of the modern designing concept(from only considering the safety of structures to comprehensively consider the influences exerted by technology,economy,society and others),and both the performance level and seismic performance objective are the premise and the basis for following this rule.Five performance levels are classified,including the level of intact,slight damage,medium damage,sever damage and collapse,to detail the three-level performance in the code for seismic design of buildings and the inter-story drift is defined as a quantitative control index of structural deformation.The relationship between the five-level performance and the inter-story drift is also built.Meanwhile,according to the optimum design intensity and taking the seismic hazard analysis into consideration,a structural life-cycle cost model based on the cost-effectiveness criterion is proposed.This mode avoids the complex calculation of reliability of system and turns the issue into calculating the structural failure probability.The advantage of it is that,it not only considers the structural initial cost as well as the failure loss expectation under each performance level,but also roundly pays attention to structural performances and other social conditions.
As an important principle in the performance-based seismic design theory,the cost-effectiveness criterion reflects the changing of the modern designing concept(from only considering the safety of structures to comprehensively consider the influences exerted by technology,economy,society and others),and both the performance level and seismic performance objective are the premise and the basis for following this rule.Five performance levels are classified,including the level of intact,slight damage,medium damage,sever damage and collapse,to detail the three-level performance in the code for seismic design of buildings and the inter-story drift is defined as a quantitative control index of structural deformation.The relationship between the five-level performance and the inter-story drift is also built.Meanwhile,according to the optimum design intensity and taking the seismic hazard analysis into consideration,a structural life-cycle cost model based on the cost-effectiveness criterion is proposed.This mode avoids the complex calculation of reliability of system and turns the issue into calculating the structural failure probability.The advantage of it is that,it not only considers the structural initial cost as well as the failure loss expectation under each performance level,but also roundly pays attention to structural performances and other social conditions.
引文
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[16]高玉锋,张健.地震危险性分析研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.GAO Yufeng,ZHANG Jian.Research on seismic hazard analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[17]GB18306-2001中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.GB 18306-2001 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2001.(in Chinese)
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[19]朱刚,高孟潭,任雪梅.中国城市直下型地震危险性分析研究[J].中国地震,2007,23(2):124-130.ZHU Gang,GAO Mengtan,REN Xuemei.Analysis of seismic hazard in the cities of China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2007,23(2):124-130.(in Chinese)
[2]谢礼立,马玉宏,瞿长海.基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.XIE Lili,MA Yuhong,QU Changhai.Performance-based seismic design and design ground motion[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[3]Bertero R D,Vertero V,Performance-based seismic engineering:the need for a reliable conceptual comprehensive approach[J].Earthquake Engi-neering&Structural Dynamics,2002,31:627-652.
[4]Yamanouchi H.Performance-based engineering for structural design of buildings[R].Building Research Institute,Japan,2000.
[5]李刚,程耿东.基于性能的结构抗震设计―理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.LI Gang,CHENG Gengdong.Performance-based seismic design-theory,method and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[6]李刚,程耿东.基于投资-效益准则的结构目标性能水平[J].大连理工大学学报,2005,45(2):1666-171.LI Gang,CHENG Gengdong.Cost-effectiveness criterion based structural target performance levels[J].Journal of Dalin University of Technology,2005,45(2):1666-171.(in Chinese)
[7]Williams M S,Villemure I,Sexsmith R.Evaluation of seismic design indices for concrete elements loaded in combined shear and flexure[J].ACIStructural Journal,1997,94(3):315-322.
[8]Park Y J,Ang A H S.Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1985,111(4):722-739.
[9]GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[10]Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA).NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation ofbuilding seismic safety council(FEMA Re-port 273)[R].Washington D C:[s n],1997.
[11]唐玉.平面不规则钢结构基于性能抗震设计方法研究[D].上海:上海理工大学,2010.TANG Yu.Research on performance-based seismic design method to irregular plane steel structure[D].Shanghai:University of Shanghai for Sci-ence&Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[12]应丹君.竖向不规则多高层结构基于性能的抗震分析及研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.YING Danjun.Research on performance-based seismic design method to vertically irregular structure[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.(inChinese)
[13]GB/T24335-2009建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.GB/T 24335-2009 Classification of Earthquake Damage to Buildings and Special structures[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[14]《建筑抗震设计规范》计算方法修订小组.基本烈度的不确定性与抗震设防标准[J].建筑结构,1984,1:16-19.The group of revising the“Code for seismic design of buildings”.Uncertainty of the basic intensity and seismic fortification criterion[J].Archi-tectural Journal,1984,1:16-19.(in Chinese)
[15]ISO 2394.General Principles on Reliability for Structures[S].
[16]高玉锋,张健.地震危险性分析研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.GAO Yufeng,ZHANG Jian.Research on seismic hazard analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[17]GB18306-2001中国地震动参数区划图[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.GB 18306-2001 Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[18]GB17741-2005工程场地地震安全性评价技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.GB17741-2005 Code for Seismic Safety Evaluation of Engineering Sites[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[19]朱刚,高孟潭,任雪梅.中国城市直下型地震危险性分析研究[J].中国地震,2007,23(2):124-130.ZHU Gang,GAO Mengtan,REN Xuemei.Analysis of seismic hazard in the cities of China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2007,23(2):124-130.(in Chinese)
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