爆破振动频率衰减机制和衰减规律的理论分析
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摘要
基于弹性介质中球状药包激发应力波的理论解及其频谱表达式,通过引入介质阻尼项,建立了球形药包爆破条件下实际岩体介质中爆破振动的频谱表达式,进而分析爆破振动频率的衰减机制和影响因素。分析表明:爆破振动频率的衰减与爆腔的大小、爆心距、岩体纵波速度和品质因子等因素密切相关。由于爆破地震波幅频分布曲线的多峰结构和高频爆破地震波衰减快的双重因素影响,爆破振动主频随爆心距的增大并非遵循严格的衰减,而在传播过程中会出现局部跳跃现象;爆破振动质心频率则呈现显著的衰减规律,其与岩体纵波速度与爆腔半径的比值成线性比例关系,与爆腔半径和爆心距的比值成幂函数关系。
Based on the theoretical solution of stress wave and spectrum induced by spherical charge in elastic rock mass,by using a damping item in the spectrum solution,the spectrum solution induced by spherical charge in real rock mass was established to study the decay mechanism and corresponding influencing factors of blasting vibration frequency.Results show that the decay of blasting vibration frequency was closely related to the size of blasting cavity,distance to blast source,the longitudinally sonic velocity of rock mass and the quality factor.The dominant frequency of blasting vibration didn't attenuate with the distance to blast source strictly,which just fluctuated in some distances because of the multimodal structures of vibration spectrum and higher decay rate for high-frequency component of vibration.The centroid frequency of blasting vibration observed remarkable decay law and linear to ratio of longitudinal velocity of rock to blast source radius,which was related with the ratio of blast source radius to distance away from blast source.
Based on the theoretical solution of stress wave and spectrum induced by spherical charge in elastic rock mass,by using a damping item in the spectrum solution,the spectrum solution induced by spherical charge in real rock mass was established to study the decay mechanism and corresponding influencing factors of blasting vibration frequency.Results show that the decay of blasting vibration frequency was closely related to the size of blasting cavity,distance to blast source,the longitudinally sonic velocity of rock mass and the quality factor.The dominant frequency of blasting vibration didn't attenuate with the distance to blast source strictly,which just fluctuated in some distances because of the multimodal structures of vibration spectrum and higher decay rate for high-frequency component of vibration.The centroid frequency of blasting vibration observed remarkable decay law and linear to ratio of longitudinal velocity of rock to blast source radius,which was related with the ratio of blast source radius to distance away from blast source.
引文
[1]张立国,龚敏,于亚伦.爆破振动频率预测及其回归分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,4(2):187-189.[1]ZHANG Li-guo,GONG Min,YU Ya-lun.Forecast andregression analysis of blasting vibration frequency[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2005,4(2):187-189.(in Chinese)
[2]高富强,侯爱军,杨小林,等.基于量纲理论的爆破振动频率分析[J].爆破,2010,27(3):1-3.[2]GAO Fu-qiang,HOU Ai-jun,YANG Xiao-lin,et al.A-nalysis of blasting vibration frequency based on dimen-sional method[J].Blasting,2010,27(3):1-3.(in Chi-nese)
[3]孟海利,郭峰.爆破地震波主频率的试验研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009,11(11):81-83.[3]MENG Hai-li,GUO Feng.Experimental research on themaster frequency of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,2009,11(11):81-83.(inChinese)
[4]FOTI S,SAMBUELLI L,COMINA C,et al.The role ofsurface waves in prediction of ground vibration from blas-ting[M].Vibration from Blasting.Spathis&Noy(eds),London:Taylor&Francis Group,2010:57-65.
[5]焦永斌.爆破地震安全评定标准初探[J].爆破,1995,12(3):45-47.[5]JIAO Yong-bin.Preliminary study on safety evaluationstandard of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,1995,12(3):45-47.(in Chinese)
[6]KUZMENKO A A,VOROBEV V D,DENISYUK I I,etal.Seismic effects of blasting in rock[C]∥A A Balke-ma/Rotterdam/Brookfield,1993:46.
[7]王明洋,邓宏见,钱七虎.岩石中侵彻与爆炸作用的近区问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2859-2863.[7]WANG Ming-yang,DENG Hong-jian,QIAN Qi-hu.Study on problems of near cavity of penetration and explo-sion in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(16):2859-2863.(in Chinese)
[8]ESENA S,ONEDERRAA I,BILGIN H A.Modelling thesize of the crushed zone around a blast hole[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(4):485-495.
[2]高富强,侯爱军,杨小林,等.基于量纲理论的爆破振动频率分析[J].爆破,2010,27(3):1-3.[2]GAO Fu-qiang,HOU Ai-jun,YANG Xiao-lin,et al.A-nalysis of blasting vibration frequency based on dimen-sional method[J].Blasting,2010,27(3):1-3.(in Chi-nese)
[3]孟海利,郭峰.爆破地震波主频率的试验研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009,11(11):81-83.[3]MENG Hai-li,GUO Feng.Experimental research on themaster frequency of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,2009,11(11):81-83.(inChinese)
[4]FOTI S,SAMBUELLI L,COMINA C,et al.The role ofsurface waves in prediction of ground vibration from blas-ting[M].Vibration from Blasting.Spathis&Noy(eds),London:Taylor&Francis Group,2010:57-65.
[5]焦永斌.爆破地震安全评定标准初探[J].爆破,1995,12(3):45-47.[5]JIAO Yong-bin.Preliminary study on safety evaluationstandard of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,1995,12(3):45-47.(in Chinese)
[6]KUZMENKO A A,VOROBEV V D,DENISYUK I I,etal.Seismic effects of blasting in rock[C]∥A A Balke-ma/Rotterdam/Brookfield,1993:46.
[7]王明洋,邓宏见,钱七虎.岩石中侵彻与爆炸作用的近区问题研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2859-2863.[7]WANG Ming-yang,DENG Hong-jian,QIAN Qi-hu.Study on problems of near cavity of penetration and explo-sion in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(16):2859-2863.(in Chinese)
[8]ESENA S,ONEDERRAA I,BILGIN H A.Modelling thesize of the crushed zone around a blast hole[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(4):485-495.
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