基于震害机理的挡墙工点修复处治技术
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摘要
大震之后,对大量受损工程的震害快速评估以及科学合理修复措施的实施,也是减轻震灾的重要环节。在震害调查的基础上,通过对震区典型路基挡墙变形工点及修复处治工程5个汛期的跟踪调查,提出针对不同变形模式的挡墙,制定处治方案的关键技术。主要结论为:挡墙变形主要有倾斜和滑移两种变形模式。倾斜变形挡墙震后仍为承受土压力的挡土墙工点,采用横向加固措施可有效地控制变形发展,并能将挡墙整体稳定性和基底应力恢复到原设计标准。整体滑移变形挡墙变形量在某一临界值前,仍可认为是地震土压力作用效应,超过该临界值后,则应为滑坡作用效应,确定整体滑移工点转化为滑坡的快速判据成为制定处治方案的关键环节。为此基于Newmark理论,建立汶川地震位移回归模型,推导对应于转化为滑坡的临界状态挡墙位移量的计算方法,从而建立根据挡墙实测滑移变形量评估是否转化为滑坡工点的判据。
The rapid post-seismic damage evaluation of structures,and the reasonable implementation of remediation measures were important links for disaster reduction. Through a 5-flood-season 's investigation of the remediation engineering at typical deformation sites in seismic areas,the key points of making treatment projects were proposed for different deformation modes of retaining walls. The primary results are: There were two deformation modes of seismic damage for retaining walls,inclined deformation and sliding deformation. The inclined retaining walls could still bear the soil pressure after the earthquake. The lateral strengthening could effectively control development of the deformation,as well as make the overall stability and the foundation stress meet the code requirement. There was a critical value for the sliding retaining walls. Lower than the critical value,the deformation could be seen as the result of seismic soil pressure;while lager than it,the deformation was considered to be the result of landslide. Rapid criterion for distinguishing the two results became the key points of formulating remediation scheme. Therefore,displacement regression model of Wenchuan earthquake was established,and deformation calculation method corresponding to the critical state of conversion to landslide was derived based on Newmark theory. The criterion for assessing whether work sites convert to landslide according to the measured value of retaining walls was established.
The rapid post-seismic damage evaluation of structures,and the reasonable implementation of remediation measures were important links for disaster reduction. Through a 5-flood-season 's investigation of the remediation engineering at typical deformation sites in seismic areas,the key points of making treatment projects were proposed for different deformation modes of retaining walls. The primary results are: There were two deformation modes of seismic damage for retaining walls,inclined deformation and sliding deformation. The inclined retaining walls could still bear the soil pressure after the earthquake. The lateral strengthening could effectively control development of the deformation,as well as make the overall stability and the foundation stress meet the code requirement. There was a critical value for the sliding retaining walls. Lower than the critical value,the deformation could be seen as the result of seismic soil pressure;while lager than it,the deformation was considered to be the result of landslide. Rapid criterion for distinguishing the two results became the key points of formulating remediation scheme. Therefore,displacement regression model of Wenchuan earthquake was established,and deformation calculation method corresponding to the critical state of conversion to landslide was derived based on Newmark theory. The criterion for assessing whether work sites convert to landslide according to the measured value of retaining walls was established.
引文
[1]邱燕玲,姚令侃,秦伟.汶川地震路基挡墙震害特征分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(4):576-581(Qiu Yanling,Yao Lingkan,Qin Wei.Characteristic analysis of the damaged retaining wall in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2010,29(4):576-581(in Chinese))
[2]TB 10025—2006铁路路基支挡结构设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[3]JTG D30—2004公路路基设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[4]王景梅,姚令侃,杨明.汶川震区路肩墙抗震能力检算与震害机理分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(6):919-924(Wang Jingmei,Yao Lingkan,Yang Ming.Seismic resistance behavior check and seismic damage mechanism analysis of the shoulder retaining wall in Wenchuan seismic area[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2010,29(6):919-924(in Chinese))
[5]汶川地震灾后公路恢复重建技术指南[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008
[6]Newmark N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160
[7]Ambraseys N N,Menu J M.Earthquake-induced ground displacements[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1988,16:985-1006
[8]Jibson R W,Keefer D K.Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides:examples from the New Madrid seismic zone[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993,105:521-536
[9]Jibson R W,Harp E L,Michael J M.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:271-289
[10]Romeo R.Seismically induced landslide displacements:a predictive mode[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:337-351
[11]周荣军,赖敏,余桦,等.汶川Ms8.0地震四川及邻区数字强震台网记录[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1850-1858(Zhou Rongjun,Lai Min,Yu Hua,et al.Strong motion records of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake from digital strong earthquake networks in Sichuan and its neighbouring regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1850-1858(in Chinese))
[12]DB51 T5059—2008四川省建筑抗震鉴定与加固技术规程(试行)[S].成都:四川省建设厅,2008
[2]TB 10025—2006铁路路基支挡结构设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[3]JTG D30—2004公路路基设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[4]王景梅,姚令侃,杨明.汶川震区路肩墙抗震能力检算与震害机理分析[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(6):919-924(Wang Jingmei,Yao Lingkan,Yang Ming.Seismic resistance behavior check and seismic damage mechanism analysis of the shoulder retaining wall in Wenchuan seismic area[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science Edition,2010,29(6):919-924(in Chinese))
[5]汶川地震灾后公路恢复重建技术指南[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008
[6]Newmark N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160
[7]Ambraseys N N,Menu J M.Earthquake-induced ground displacements[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1988,16:985-1006
[8]Jibson R W,Keefer D K.Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides:examples from the New Madrid seismic zone[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993,105:521-536
[9]Jibson R W,Harp E L,Michael J M.A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:271-289
[10]Romeo R.Seismically induced landslide displacements:a predictive mode[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58:337-351
[11]周荣军,赖敏,余桦,等.汶川Ms8.0地震四川及邻区数字强震台网记录[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1850-1858(Zhou Rongjun,Lai Min,Yu Hua,et al.Strong motion records of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake from digital strong earthquake networks in Sichuan and its neighbouring regions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1850-1858(in Chinese))
[12]DB51 T5059—2008四川省建筑抗震鉴定与加固技术规程(试行)[S].成都:四川省建设厅,2008
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