河岸边坡稳定性及张裂缝最不利位置研究
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摘要
考虑坡外水位、坡顶荷载、地震作用和坡趾淘蚀等一般情况,对典型河岸边坡模型进行受力分析;采用极限平衡方法建立统一的安全系数计算公式,并推导出张裂缝最不利位置的解析式。通过算例对比,验证推导公式的正确性,并研究坡外水位、坡顶荷载、地震作用、张裂缝深度及积水深度变化时对河岸边坡的张裂缝最不利位置及稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:流水冲刷引起坡趾区域的淘蚀显著降低了原状河岸边坡的稳定性,同时使得张裂缝的最不利位置较原状河岸边坡更临近坡顶点,使之成为引起河岸边坡塌方的一个重要原因;坡外水位的升高对原状河岸边坡和流水淘刷后河岸边坡的张裂缝最不利位置及稳定性的影响不同,且后者较前者对坡外水位突升所引起的稳定性问题更加明显;地震作用、张裂缝深度及积水深度的变化对河岸边坡的张裂缝最不利位置及稳定性影响较大,而坡顶荷载的变化对其影响较小。
Considering the general situation like water level outside slope,loads on top of slope,earthquake and erosion of slope toe,all forces were analyzed in typical model of slope near river.Uniform formula for calculating factor of safety(FOS) was obtained based on the limit equilibrium method,and the analytical formula of the critical position of tensile cracks was derived.Through comparison of some examples,the correctness of these derived formulas was verified,and the effect on the critical position of tensile cracks and slope stability with the change of water level outside slope,loads on top of slope,earthquake,depth of tensile crack and water level of tensile crack was discussed.The results show that erosion of slope toe caused by scoring of flowing water significantly reduces stability of the original state slope near river,and makes the critical position of tensile cracks more close to the top point of slope than the original state slope near river,so it becomes an important reason of the closer collapse of the slope near river.The effect of the increase of water level outside slope on the critical position of tensile cracks and slope stability is different between the original state slope near river and slope near river after scoring of flowing water,and the instability of the latter caused by the increase of water level outside slope is more obvious than the former.Earthquake,depth of tensile cracks and water level of tensile cracks have great impact on the critical position of tensile cracks and stability of slope near river,but loads on top of slope have a little impact.
Considering the general situation like water level outside slope,loads on top of slope,earthquake and erosion of slope toe,all forces were analyzed in typical model of slope near river.Uniform formula for calculating factor of safety(FOS) was obtained based on the limit equilibrium method,and the analytical formula of the critical position of tensile cracks was derived.Through comparison of some examples,the correctness of these derived formulas was verified,and the effect on the critical position of tensile cracks and slope stability with the change of water level outside slope,loads on top of slope,earthquake,depth of tensile crack and water level of tensile crack was discussed.The results show that erosion of slope toe caused by scoring of flowing water significantly reduces stability of the original state slope near river,and makes the critical position of tensile cracks more close to the top point of slope than the original state slope near river,so it becomes an important reason of the closer collapse of the slope near river.The effect of the increase of water level outside slope on the critical position of tensile cracks and slope stability is different between the original state slope near river and slope near river after scoring of flowing water,and the instability of the latter caused by the increase of water level outside slope is more obvious than the former.Earthquake,depth of tensile cracks and water level of tensile cracks have great impact on the critical position of tensile cracks and stability of slope near river,but loads on top of slope have a little impact.
引文
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[15]Nouri H,Fakher A,Jones C J F P.Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontal slices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembrances,2008,26(3):263-278.
[16]Low B K.Reliability analysis of rock slopes involving correlated abnormals[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(6):922-935.
[17]邓东平,李亮.基于滑动面搜索新方法对地震作用下边坡稳定性拟静力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):86-98.DENG Dongping,LI Liang.Based on a new method of searching for sliding surface pseudo-static stability analysis of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):86-98.
[18]董陇军,赵国彦,宫凤强,等.尾矿坝地震稳定性分析的区间模型及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(1):164-169.DONG Longjun,ZHAO Guoyan,GONG Fengqiang,et al.Interval analysis model of tailings dam seismic stability and its application[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(1):164-169.
[2]王延贵,匡尚富.河岸临界崩塌高度的研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(10):1158-1165.WANG Yangui,KUANG Shangfu.Critical height of bank collapse[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(10):1158-1165.
[3]王延贵,匡尚富.河岸淘刷及其对河岸崩塌的影响[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2005,3(4):251-296.WANG Yangui,KUANG Shangfu.Study on bank erosion and its influence on bank collapse[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2005,3(4):251-296.
[4]赵炼恒,罗强,李亮,等.水位升降和流水淘蚀对临河路基边坡稳定性的影响[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(6):1-8.ZHAO Lianheng,LUO Qiang,LI Liang,et al.Study on stability of subgrade slope along river subjected to water level fluctuation and stream erosion[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2010,27(6):1-8.
[5]邓东平,李亮.水力条件下具有张裂缝临河边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1835-1847.DENG Dongping,LI Liang.Study of stability of slope with tension crack near river under hydraulic situation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1835-1847.
[6]Griffiths D V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite elements[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(3):387-403.
[7]Lane P A,Griffiths D V.Assessment of stability of slopes under drawdown conditions[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(5):443-450.
[8]Viratjandr C,Michalowski R L.Limit analysis of slope instability caused by partial submergence and rapid drawdown[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2006,43(8):802-814.
[9]马崇武,刘忠玉,苗天德,等.江河水位升降对堤岸边坡稳定性的影响[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2000,36(3):56-60.MA Chongwu,LIU Zhongyu,MIAO Tiande,et al.The influence of water level changing on the stability of river embankment[J].Journal of Lanzhou University:Natural Sciences,2000,36(3):56-60.
[10]Jia G W,Zhan Tony L T,Chen Y M,et al.Performance of a larger-scale slope model subjected to rising and lowing water levels[J].Engineering Geology,2009,106(1):92-103.
[11]张均锋,孟祥跃,朱而千.水位变化引起分层边坡滑坡的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2676-2680.ZHANG Junfeng,MENG Xiangyue,ZHU Erqian.Testing study on landside of layered slope included by fluctuation of water level[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2676-2680.
[12]Darby S E,Thorne C R.Numerical simulation of widening and bed deformation of straight sand-bed rivers I:Model development[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(4):184-193.
[13]ACSE Task Committee on Hydraulics.Bank mechanics and modeling of river width adjustment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1998,124(9):903-918.
[14]黄本胜,白玉川,万艳春.河岸崩塌机理的理论模式及其计算[J].水利学报,2002,33(9):49-60.HUANG Bensheng,BAI Yuchuan,WAN Yanchun.Model for dilapidation mechanism of riverbank[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,33(9):49-60.
[15]Nouri H,Fakher A,Jones C J F P.Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontal slices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembrances,2008,26(3):263-278.
[16]Low B K.Reliability analysis of rock slopes involving correlated abnormals[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(6):922-935.
[17]邓东平,李亮.基于滑动面搜索新方法对地震作用下边坡稳定性拟静力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):86-98.DENG Dongping,LI Liang.Based on a new method of searching for sliding surface pseudo-static stability analysis of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):86-98.
[18]董陇军,赵国彦,宫凤强,等.尾矿坝地震稳定性分析的区间模型及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(1):164-169.DONG Longjun,ZHAO Guoyan,GONG Fengqiang,et al.Interval analysis model of tailings dam seismic stability and its application[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2011,42(1):164-169.
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