基于微震监测的锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞岩爆孕育过程分析
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摘要
为研究锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞岩爆孕育及发展过程,利用构建的微震监测系统对#3引水洞的TBM掘进过程进行全天候连续实时监测。通过获取大量微震监测数据,分别从微震事件的时空序列分布、事件活动率、微震能量、能量密度及视体积对隧洞岩爆前各参数变化特征进行分析,并从动态裂纹扩展角度揭示了岩爆孕育过程中微破裂的萌生、发展、扩展直至相互贯通的宏观破坏机制,初步探讨了微震活动演化规律与岩爆间的时空内在联系。监测与分析结果表明:多数岩爆都存在有可被微震监测定位的微破裂前兆,微震活动率、微震能量及累积视体积均有不同程度的上升趋势。部分岩爆的驱动源由本地岩爆能量与转移能量之和获得,即E驱动=E本地+E转移,强岩爆可再次诱发邻近位置产生岩爆。研究结果,初步证明了利用微震监测系统对深埋隧洞岩爆进行实时监测的可行性。
To study the rockburst nucleation and evolution process in deep-buried tunnels for Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station,a microseismic real-time monitoring system is established to monitor diversion tunnel No.3 during TBM excavation.Based on a great deal of microseismic monitoring data,the characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution,activity rate,exhausted energy,energy density and apparent volume of microseim are comprehensively considered before occurrence of rockbursts.What's more,the initiation,propagation,extension and inter-coalescence mechanisms of microcracks during progressive nucleation process of rockbursts at Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station are revealed.The spatial relationship between evolution rules of microseismic activities and rockbursts is discussed.The monitoring results show that precursory microcracking exists prior to most rockbursts,which can be captured by the microseismic monitoring system.The event rate,microseismic released energy and accumulated apparent volume have their different increase tendencies before rockbursts.The energy source of some rockbursts is composed of local energy and transfer energy,namely Edrive source =Elocal+Etransfer,and a portion of rockbursts can be induced by certain adjacent violent rockbursts at the same time.It is feasible to monitor and predict rockburst events by using the microseismic monitoring technology for deep-buried tunnels.
To study the rockburst nucleation and evolution process in deep-buried tunnels for Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station,a microseismic real-time monitoring system is established to monitor diversion tunnel No.3 during TBM excavation.Based on a great deal of microseismic monitoring data,the characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution,activity rate,exhausted energy,energy density and apparent volume of microseim are comprehensively considered before occurrence of rockbursts.What's more,the initiation,propagation,extension and inter-coalescence mechanisms of microcracks during progressive nucleation process of rockbursts at Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station are revealed.The spatial relationship between evolution rules of microseismic activities and rockbursts is discussed.The monitoring results show that precursory microcracking exists prior to most rockbursts,which can be captured by the microseismic monitoring system.The event rate,microseismic released energy and accumulated apparent volume have their different increase tendencies before rockbursts.The energy source of some rockbursts is composed of local energy and transfer energy,namely Edrive source =Elocal+Etransfer,and a portion of rockbursts can be induced by certain adjacent violent rockbursts at the same time.It is feasible to monitor and predict rockburst events by using the microseismic monitoring technology for deep-buried tunnels.
引文
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[3]SRINIVASAN C,ARORA S K,BENADY S.Precursory monitoring of impending rockbursts in Kolar gold mines from microseismic emissions at deeper levels[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(7):941–948.
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[5]刘滨.基于最小耗能原理的岩爆孕育发生机理研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.(LIU Bin.Study on mechanism of rockburst preparation and development based on the least energy consumption principle[D].Wuhan:Institut of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Seiences,2009.(in Chinese))
[6]唐礼忠.深井矿山地震活动与岩爆监测及预测研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.(TANG Li-zhong.Study on monitoring and predietion of seismicity and rockburst in a deep mine[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008.(in Chinese))
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[10]ALEXANDER J,TRIFU C I.Monitoring mines seismicity in Canada[C]//POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M,ed.Controlling Seismic Risk Ra Si M6.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2005:353–358.
[11]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.微震监测技术在深井矿山中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1066–1073.(YANG Zhi-guo,YU Run-cang,GUO Ran,et al.Application of microseismic monitoring to deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1066–1073.(in Chinese))
[12]XU N W,TANG C A,LI L C,et al.Microseismic monitoring and stability analysis of the left bank slope in Jinping first stage hydropower station in southwestern China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):950–963.
[13]MILEV A M,SPOTTISWOODE S M,RORKE A J,et al.Seismic monitoring of a simulated rock burst on a wall of an underground tunnel[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2001,101(5):253–260.
[14]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275–283.(CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,ZENG Xiong-hui,et al.Real-time microseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBM tunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):275–283.(in Chinese))
[15]BASSON F R P,VAN DER MERWE S.Seismicity management at Hill 50 Gold Mine,Western Australia[C]//POTVIN Y ed.Deeping Mining 07-The Fourth International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2007:233–241.
[16]GE M C.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):44–56.
[17]崔凯.雅砻江锦屏二级水电站招标设计阶段C5标岩爆防治专题周报[R].北京:中铁十三局北京振冲联合体锦屏项目部,2011.(CHUI Kai.Weekly report on rockburst prevention of C5 bid section for Jinping II hydropower station at Yalong River during invite public bidding phase[R].Beijing:Commonwealth of China Railway 13th Bureau and Beijing Vibroflotation Engineering Co.,Ltd in Jinping Project Department,2011.(in Chinese))
[18]王春来,吴爱祥,刘晓辉.深井开采岩爆灾害微震监测预警及控制结束[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013:125–127.(WANG Chun-lai,WU Ai-xiang,LIU Xiao-hui.Microseismic monitoring prediction and controlling technology of rockburst hazard in deep mining[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013:125–127.(in Chinese))
[19]顾金才,范俊奇,孔福利,等.抛掷型岩爆机制与模拟试验技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1081–1088.(GU Jin-cai,FAN Jun-qi,KONG Fu-li,et al.Mechanism of ejective rockburst and model testing technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1081–1088.(in Chinese))
[2]唐春安,王继敏.岩爆及其微震监测预报—可行性与初步实践[J].岩石力学与工程动态,2010(1):39–51.(TANG Chun-an,WANG Ji-min.Preliminary engineering application of rockburst and microseismic monitoring technique to prediction[J].Rock Mechanics and Engineering Tendency,2010(1):39–51.(in Chinese))
[3]SRINIVASAN C,ARORA S K,BENADY S.Precursory monitoring of impending rockbursts in Kolar gold mines from microseismic emissions at deeper levels[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(7):941–948.
[4]刘建坡.深井矿山地压活动与微震时空演化关系研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2011.(LIU Jian-po.Studies on relationship between microseism time–space evolution and ground pressure activities in deep mine[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2011.(in Chinese))
[5]刘滨.基于最小耗能原理的岩爆孕育发生机理研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.(LIU Bin.Study on mechanism of rockburst preparation and development based on the least energy consumption principle[D].Wuhan:Institut of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Seiences,2009.(in Chinese))
[6]唐礼忠.深井矿山地震活动与岩爆监测及预测研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008.(TANG Li-zhong.Study on monitoring and predietion of seismicity and rockburst in a deep mine[D].Changsha:Central South University,2008.(in Chinese))
[7]THEODORE I U,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismicmonitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[8]DURRHEIM R J,HAILE A,ROBERTS M K C,et al.Violent failure a remnant in a deep South African gold mine[J].Tectonophysics,1998,289:105–116.
[9]DURRHEIM R J,CICHOWICZ A.Guidelines standards and best practice for seismic hazard assessment and rockburst risk management in South African mines[C]//POTVIN Y ed.Deeping Mining 07-The Fourth International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2007:249–259.
[10]ALEXANDER J,TRIFU C I.Monitoring mines seismicity in Canada[C]//POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M,ed.Controlling Seismic Risk Ra Si M6.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2005:353–358.
[11]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.微震监测技术在深井矿山中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1066–1073.(YANG Zhi-guo,YU Run-cang,GUO Ran,et al.Application of microseismic monitoring to deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1066–1073.(in Chinese))
[12]XU N W,TANG C A,LI L C,et al.Microseismic monitoring and stability analysis of the left bank slope in Jinping first stage hydropower station in southwestern China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):950–963.
[13]MILEV A M,SPOTTISWOODE S M,RORKE A J,et al.Seismic monitoring of a simulated rock burst on a wall of an underground tunnel[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2001,101(5):253–260.
[14]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275–283.(CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,ZENG Xiong-hui,et al.Real-time microseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBM tunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):275–283.(in Chinese))
[15]BASSON F R P,VAN DER MERWE S.Seismicity management at Hill 50 Gold Mine,Western Australia[C]//POTVIN Y ed.Deeping Mining 07-The Fourth International Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining.Nedlands:Australian Center for Geomechanics,2007:233–241.
[16]GE M C.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):44–56.
[17]崔凯.雅砻江锦屏二级水电站招标设计阶段C5标岩爆防治专题周报[R].北京:中铁十三局北京振冲联合体锦屏项目部,2011.(CHUI Kai.Weekly report on rockburst prevention of C5 bid section for Jinping II hydropower station at Yalong River during invite public bidding phase[R].Beijing:Commonwealth of China Railway 13th Bureau and Beijing Vibroflotation Engineering Co.,Ltd in Jinping Project Department,2011.(in Chinese))
[18]王春来,吴爱祥,刘晓辉.深井开采岩爆灾害微震监测预警及控制结束[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2013:125–127.(WANG Chun-lai,WU Ai-xiang,LIU Xiao-hui.Microseismic monitoring prediction and controlling technology of rockburst hazard in deep mining[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2013:125–127.(in Chinese))
[19]顾金才,范俊奇,孔福利,等.抛掷型岩爆机制与模拟试验技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1081–1088.(GU Jin-cai,FAN Jun-qi,KONG Fu-li,et al.Mechanism of ejective rockburst and model testing technology[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1081–1088.(in Chinese))
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