探地雷达在多年冻土工程地质勘察中的应用效果研究
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摘要
由于融土和冻土之间存在明显的电性差异,使探地雷达成为研究多年冻土的有效手段之一。本文结合工程实例,对探地雷达在青藏高原多年冻土工程地质勘察中的应用效果进行了现场试验研究。分析了探地雷达探测多年冻土的物理前提条件,总结了多年冻土主要地质要素的雷达图像特征和探地雷达在多年冻土工程地质勘察中的实际应用效果。研究表明融土与冻土的雷达图像特征存在明显差异:融土雷达反射波为低频强宽振幅的稀疏波,波形较杂乱;冻土反射波为高频低振幅细密波,波形较为规则;探地雷达可较为准确地划分地层、识别多年冻土上限、确定多年冻土分布范围,但尚不能有效确定多年冻土的含冰量;另外,探地雷达对细颗粒土的探测效果要明显好于粗颗粒土。文章还指出了现场探测和图像解译分析中需要注意的事项和下一步需要研究解决的问题,建议在开展现场探测工作之前先在有钻探资料或天然地质剖面处进行对比试验,搞清测区内主要地层的物性参数,掌握有效波和干扰波的分布规律,从而提高雷达探测结果的准确性和可靠性。
Research purposes: Ground-penetrating radar is one of the important methods used in permafrost engineering geological investigations.Engineering data in addition to theoretical analysis and field tests of ground-penetrating radar in permafrost engineering geological investigations were used in this study,which summarizes the characteristics of the radar image of the main geologic factors of permafrost regions and analyzes the effect of ground-penetrating radar in permafrost engineering geological investigations.In addition,this paper reports the topics for future analysis and fieldwork.The results show that ground-penetrating radar can accurately classify stratum and aid in determination of the permafrost table and the distribution of permafrost;however,this technology cannot effectively determine the ice content in frozen soil.Moreover,the prospecting effect of ground-penetrating radar is more effective in fine-grained soil than that in coarse-grained soil.
Research purposes: Ground-penetrating radar is one of the important methods used in permafrost engineering geological investigations.Engineering data in addition to theoretical analysis and field tests of ground-penetrating radar in permafrost engineering geological investigations were used in this study,which summarizes the characteristics of the radar image of the main geologic factors of permafrost regions and analyzes the effect of ground-penetrating radar in permafrost engineering geological investigations.In addition,this paper reports the topics for future analysis and fieldwork.The results show that ground-penetrating radar can accurately classify stratum and aid in determination of the permafrost table and the distribution of permafrost;however,this technology cannot effectively determine the ice content in frozen soil.Moreover,the prospecting effect of ground-penetrating radar is more effective in fine-grained soil than that in coarse-grained soil.
引文
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[8]程国栋.厚层地下冰形成的分凝机制[J].寒区旱区科学与技术,1983,8(1):57-66.CHENG Guo-dong.The Mechanism of Repeated-segregationfor the Formation of Thick Layered Ground Ice[J].Cold Re-gions Science and Technology,1983,8(1):57-66.
[2]王兰民,孙军杰.特殊土动力学的发展战略与展望[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):88-93.WANG Lan-min,SUN Jun-jie.Development Strategy andProspects for Study of Special Soil Dynamics[J].Northwest-ern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1):88-93.
[3]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路工程地质勘察规范(JTJ C20-2011)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2011.CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd..Code for High-way Engineering Geological Investigation[S].Beijing:ChinaCommunications Press,2011.
[4]苏文俊,侯宗博.综合地质预报技术在岩溶区隧道施工中的应用.西北地震学报,2011,33(增刊):330-334.SU Wen-jun,HOU Zong-bo.Application of Integrated Geo-logical Prediction Technologies in Tunnel Construction inKarst District[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(Supp.):330-334.
[5]俞祁浩,程国栋.物探技术在我国多年冻土勘测中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(1):102-108.YU Qi-hao,CHENG Guo-dong.Application of GeophysicalMethods to Permafrost in China[J].Journal of Glaciology andGeocryology,2002,24(1):102-108.
[6]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路工程物探规程(JTG/T C22-2009)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2009.CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd..Guidelines forHighway Engineering Geophysical Exploration[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2009.
[7]俞祁浩,白旸,金会军,等.应用探地雷达研究中国小兴安岭地区黑河—北安公路沿线岛状多年冻土的分布及其变化[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(3):461-468.YU Qi-hao,BAI-yang,JIN Hui-jun,et al.The Study of thePatchy Permafrost along the Heihe-Bei'an Highway in XiaoHinggan Mountains with Ground Penetrating Radar[J].Jour-nal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(3):461-468.
[8]程国栋.厚层地下冰形成的分凝机制[J].寒区旱区科学与技术,1983,8(1):57-66.CHENG Guo-dong.The Mechanism of Repeated-segregationfor the Formation of Thick Layered Ground Ice[J].Cold Re-gions Science and Technology,1983,8(1):57-66.
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