现浇楼板对钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌模式的影响
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摘要
地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构通常呈现弱柱型破坏模式而倒塌。针对其破坏特征,将钢筋混凝土框架结构离散为"板-柱"和"梁-柱-节点"体系,结合块体间碰撞作用的冲量模型,基于离散单元法建立考虑构件间碰撞作用的钢筋混凝土框架结构空间倒塌反应计算机仿真系统,并通过2个框架结构模型的倒塌试验对其进行了验证。利用计算机仿真系统模拟分析了现浇楼板对钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌模式的影响。结果表明:考虑块体间碰撞作用的框架结构倒塌仿真系统可以真实再现地震作用下框架结构的倒塌过程和废墟堆积情况;考虑楼板影响时,强柱型框架结构可能会出现弱柱型倒塌,局部倒塌型框架结构则可能不倒或呈弱柱型倒塌;框架结构抗震设计或评定中应充分考虑现浇楼板对框架抗震性能的影响。
RC frame structures severely damaged,even collapsed in weak column mode were well documented during the past post-earthquake investigations.A collapse simulation system for RC frame structures based on discrete element method was established by discretizing a structure into slab-column discrete system or beam-column-joint discrete system according to the failure characteristic of RC frame structures,and revised with consideration of collision behaviors among fractured components with impulse-based impact model between concrete blocks.The proposed collapse simulation system was effectively verified with two collapse experiments on small-scale frame models.Further simulation was carried out to explore the effect of cast-in-situ floor slab on the collapse performance of RC frame structures under earthquake.The results indicate that,the whole collapse process of a frame structure including debris stacking can be visually simulated by the collapse simulation system with consideration of collision actions among fractured components;due to the effect of cast-in-situ floor slab,RC frame structures with strong column collapse mode may turn into weak column collapse mode,and RC frame structures with partial collapse mode may not collapse or be in weak column collapse mode;the effect of floor slab should be well considered in structural design or appraised for RC frame structures under earthquakes.
RC frame structures severely damaged,even collapsed in weak column mode were well documented during the past post-earthquake investigations.A collapse simulation system for RC frame structures based on discrete element method was established by discretizing a structure into slab-column discrete system or beam-column-joint discrete system according to the failure characteristic of RC frame structures,and revised with consideration of collision behaviors among fractured components with impulse-based impact model between concrete blocks.The proposed collapse simulation system was effectively verified with two collapse experiments on small-scale frame models.Further simulation was carried out to explore the effect of cast-in-situ floor slab on the collapse performance of RC frame structures under earthquake.The results indicate that,the whole collapse process of a frame structure including debris stacking can be visually simulated by the collapse simulation system with consideration of collision actions among fractured components;due to the effect of cast-in-situ floor slab,RC frame structures with strong column collapse mode may turn into weak column collapse mode,and RC frame structures with partial collapse mode may not collapse or be in weak column collapse mode;the effect of floor slab should be well considered in structural design or appraised for RC frame structures under earthquakes.
引文
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[8]Ghannoum W.Experimental and analytical dynamiccollapse study of a reinforced concrete frame with lighttransverse reinforcements[D].Berkeley,CA:University of California,Berkeley,2007:65-149.
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[13]吴波,黄仕香,赵新宇.混凝土框剪结构的落层倒塌碰撞试验[J].工程力学,2012,29(6):176-187.(WuBo,Huang Shixiang,Zhao Xinyu.Experimental studyon pancake collapse of RC frame-shear wall structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(6):176-187.(in Chinese))
[14]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究:汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76.(YELieping,LU Xinzheng,ZHAO Shichun,et al.Seismiccollapse resistance of RC frame structures-case studieson seismic damages of several RC frame structuresunder extreme ground motion in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(6):67-76.(in Chinese))
[15]马玉虎,陆新征,叶列平,等.漩口中学典型框架结构震害模拟与分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(5):71-77.(Ma Yuhu,Lu Xinzheng,Ye Lieping,et al.Seismic damage simulation and analysis of typical RCframes of Xuankou School[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(5):71-77.(in Chinese))
[16]石宏彬.框架结构填充墙影响及强梁弱柱成因研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2012:11-80.(Shi Hongbin.Study on infill wall function andstrong beam-weak column damage for frame structures[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,ChinaEarthquake Adiministration,2012:11-80.(inChinese))
[17]Hakuno M,Meguro K.Simulation of concrete-framecollapse due to dynamic loading[J].Journal ofEngineering Mechanics,1993,19(9):1709-1723.
[18]Gu X L,Li C.Computer simulation for reinforcedconcrete structures demolished by controlled explosion[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conferenceon Computing in Civil and Building Engineering.Reston,VA:American Society of Civil Engineers,2000:82-89.
[19]宣纲,顾祥林,吕西林.强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):24-30.(Xuan Gang,Gu Xianglin,LuXilin.Numerical analysis of collapse process for RCframe structures subjected to strong earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):24-30.(in Chinese))
[20]侯健,林峰,顾祥林.描述混凝土块体间碰撞性能的冲量模型[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10):1-6.(HouJian,Lin Feng,Gu Xianglin.Impulse model of impactbetween concrete blocks[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(10):1-6.(in Chinese))
[21]Li K N.Multi-spring model for 3-dimensional analysisof RC members[J].Structural Engineering andMechanics,1993,1(1):17-30.
[22]Djerassi S.Collision with friction:part A:Newton’shypothesis[J].Multibody System Dynamics,2009,21(1):37-54.
[23]侯健.考虑块体间碰撞作用的钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌反应分析[D].上海:同济大学,2008:131-140.(Hou Jian.Collapse analysis of reinforced concreteframe structures considering impact action betweenconcrete blocks[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008:131-140.(in Chinese))
[24]Whittaker E T.A treatise on the analytical dynamics ofparticles and rigid bodies[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1904:226-229.
[25]Routh E J.A treatise on dynamics of a system of rigidbodies:with numerous examples[M].London,UK:MacMillan,1905:125-129.
[26]Barbosa-Carrillo R E.Discrete element models forgranular materials and rock masses[D].Urbana,USA:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1990:10-12.
[27]马炜,刘才山.三质点共线碰撞问题的理论分析[J].力学学报,2006,38(5):674-681.(Ma Wei,LiuCaishan.Theoretical analysis of the three balls systemwith multiple impact[J].Chinese Journal of Theoreticaland Applied Mechanics,2006,38(5):674-681.(inChinese))
[2]孙柏涛,闫培雷,胡春峰,等.汶川8.0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):1-9.(SunBaitao,Yan Peilei,Hu Chunfeng,et al.Overview onseismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Townduring Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal ofEarthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):1-9.(in Chinese))
[3]林旭川,潘鹏,叶列平,等.汶川地震中典型RC框架结构的震害仿真与分析[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):13-20.(Lin Xuchuan,Pan Peng,YeLieping,et al.Analysis of the damage mechanism of atypical RC frame in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].ChinaCivil Engineering Journal,2009,42(5):13-20.(inChinese))
[4]Pantazopoulou S J,French C W.Slab participation inpractical earthquake design of reinforced concreteframes[J].ACI Structural Journal,2001,98(4):479-489.
[5]顾祥林,孙飞飞.混凝土结构的计算机仿真[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2000:149-150.(Gu Xianglin,Sun Feifei.Computer simulation of RC structures[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2000:149-150.(inChinese))
[6]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构倒塌分析中的几个问题[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(10):1578-1582.(Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Some issues in the collapseanalysis of frame structures[J].Journal of ShanghaiJiaotong University,2001,35(10):1578-1582.(inChinese))
[7]Elwood J K.Shake table tests and analytical studies onthe gravity load collapse of reinforced concrete frames[D].Berkeley,CA:University of California,Berkeley,2002:118-171.
[8]Ghannoum W.Experimental and analytical dynamiccollapse study of a reinforced concrete frame with lighttransverse reinforcements[D].Berkeley,CA:University of California,Berkeley,2007:65-149.
[9]Wu C L,Kuo W W,Yang S J,et al.Collapse of anonductile concrete frame:shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2009,38(2):205-224.
[10]黄思凝.外廊式RC框架地震破坏及倒塌机理研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2012:75-130.(Huang Sining.Mechanism of seismic damageand collapse of RC frame structure with external corridor[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Adiministration,2012:75-130.(inChinese))
[11]顾祥林,黄庆华,汪小林,等.地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌反应的试验研究与数值仿真[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(9):36-45.(Gu Xianglin,HuangQinghua,Wang Xiaolin,et al.Spatial collapseresponses of reinforced concrete frame structures underearthquakes:test study and numerical simulation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(9):36-45.(in Chinese))
[12]吴波,王明君.混凝土空间板柱结构的震致落层倒塌分析[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(2):1-6.(Wu Bo,Wang Mingjun.Analysis of pancakecollapse of RC slab-column structures under earthquake[J].Journal of South China University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2012,40(2):1-6.(inChinese))
[13]吴波,黄仕香,赵新宇.混凝土框剪结构的落层倒塌碰撞试验[J].工程力学,2012,29(6):176-187.(WuBo,Huang Shixiang,Zhao Xinyu.Experimental studyon pancake collapse of RC frame-shear wall structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(6):176-187.(in Chinese))
[14]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究:汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76.(YELieping,LU Xinzheng,ZHAO Shichun,et al.Seismiccollapse resistance of RC frame structures-case studieson seismic damages of several RC frame structuresunder extreme ground motion in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(6):67-76.(in Chinese))
[15]马玉虎,陆新征,叶列平,等.漩口中学典型框架结构震害模拟与分析[J].工程力学,2011,28(5):71-77.(Ma Yuhu,Lu Xinzheng,Ye Lieping,et al.Seismic damage simulation and analysis of typical RCframes of Xuankou School[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(5):71-77.(in Chinese))
[16]石宏彬.框架结构填充墙影响及强梁弱柱成因研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2012:11-80.(Shi Hongbin.Study on infill wall function andstrong beam-weak column damage for frame structures[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,ChinaEarthquake Adiministration,2012:11-80.(inChinese))
[17]Hakuno M,Meguro K.Simulation of concrete-framecollapse due to dynamic loading[J].Journal ofEngineering Mechanics,1993,19(9):1709-1723.
[18]Gu X L,Li C.Computer simulation for reinforcedconcrete structures demolished by controlled explosion[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conferenceon Computing in Civil and Building Engineering.Reston,VA:American Society of Civil Engineers,2000:82-89.
[19]宣纲,顾祥林,吕西林.强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):24-30.(Xuan Gang,Gu Xianglin,LuXilin.Numerical analysis of collapse process for RCframe structures subjected to strong earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):24-30.(in Chinese))
[20]侯健,林峰,顾祥林.描述混凝土块体间碰撞性能的冲量模型[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10):1-6.(HouJian,Lin Feng,Gu Xianglin.Impulse model of impactbetween concrete blocks[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(10):1-6.(in Chinese))
[21]Li K N.Multi-spring model for 3-dimensional analysisof RC members[J].Structural Engineering andMechanics,1993,1(1):17-30.
[22]Djerassi S.Collision with friction:part A:Newton’shypothesis[J].Multibody System Dynamics,2009,21(1):37-54.
[23]侯健.考虑块体间碰撞作用的钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌反应分析[D].上海:同济大学,2008:131-140.(Hou Jian.Collapse analysis of reinforced concreteframe structures considering impact action betweenconcrete blocks[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008:131-140.(in Chinese))
[24]Whittaker E T.A treatise on the analytical dynamics ofparticles and rigid bodies[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1904:226-229.
[25]Routh E J.A treatise on dynamics of a system of rigidbodies:with numerous examples[M].London,UK:MacMillan,1905:125-129.
[26]Barbosa-Carrillo R E.Discrete element models forgranular materials and rock masses[D].Urbana,USA:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1990:10-12.
[27]马炜,刘才山.三质点共线碰撞问题的理论分析[J].力学学报,2006,38(5):674-681.(Ma Wei,LiuCaishan.Theoretical analysis of the three balls systemwith multiple impact[J].Chinese Journal of Theoreticaland Applied Mechanics,2006,38(5):674-681.(inChinese))
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