深孔空心包体法地应力测量仪及其应用实例
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摘要
介绍用于深孔地应力测量的深孔空心包体法地应力测量仪的组成结构及辅助工具,并给出该仪器的应用实例。传统的应力解除仪器只适用于浅孔,不适用于深孔。深孔空心包体地应力测量仪将原来井上应变仪、井下空心包体应变计、电子罗盘等集成于一体,制成无电缆微型探头,测量时将微型探头安装到孔内预定位置进行测量。用该仪器在上海市浦东地震监测中心张江观测孔进行实际应用,获得365和385 m深处的三维地应力实测数据,测量结果显示张江观测孔最大主应力近水平,方向为近EW向,最大主应力值为8.5～9.0 MPa,最小主应力近于铅直,大小与上覆岩层压力相近。实测表明深孔空心包体地应力测量仪适用于深孔三维地应力测量。
The structure of the deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument and its assistive tools are described,which were used for deep borehole geostress measurement;and an example is given.Traditional instrument based on stress-releasing theory is only applied to shallow borehole,not applied to deep borehole.The traditional instrument is improved,and a deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument is developed.It integrates hollow inclusion strain gauge,strain recording apparatus and electronic compass into a micro-probe,which can be installed at predesigned position in the borehole when measuring the geostress.Geostress data of Zhangjiang observation borehole in Shanghai at the depth of 365 and 385 m underground by using this technology is obtained.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction in surveying area is near EW direction;and the values of the maximum principal stresses are between 8.5 MPa and 9.0 MPa.The minimum principal stress direction is near vertical;and the values of the minimum principal stresses are near equal to the overburden pressure.Measurement results show that deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument is suitable for deep hole of 3D geostress measurement.
The structure of the deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument and its assistive tools are described,which were used for deep borehole geostress measurement;and an example is given.Traditional instrument based on stress-releasing theory is only applied to shallow borehole,not applied to deep borehole.The traditional instrument is improved,and a deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument is developed.It integrates hollow inclusion strain gauge,strain recording apparatus and electronic compass into a micro-probe,which can be installed at predesigned position in the borehole when measuring the geostress.Geostress data of Zhangjiang observation borehole in Shanghai at the depth of 365 and 385 m underground by using this technology is obtained.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction in surveying area is near EW direction;and the values of the maximum principal stresses are between 8.5 MPa and 9.0 MPa.The minimum principal stress direction is near vertical;and the values of the minimum principal stresses are near equal to the overburden pressure.Measurement results show that deep borehole hollow inclusion strain gauge geostress measuring instrument is suitable for deep hole of 3D geostress measurement.
引文
[1]蔡美峰,乔兰,李华斌.地应力测量原理和技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1–27.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,LI Huabin.Rockstress measurement principles and techniques[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1995:1–27.(in Chinese))
[2]LIAO C T,ZHANG C S,WU M L,et al.Stress change near theKunlun fault before and after the MS 8.1 Kunlun earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(20):2 027–2 031.
[3]PENG H,MA X M,JIANG J J.Process Analysis of in-situ strainduring the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-data from the stressmonitoring station at Shandan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):754–766.
[4]CAI M F,PENG H,MA X M,et al.Evolution of the in situ rock strainobserved at Shandan Monitoring Station during the M 8.0 earthquakein Wenchuan,China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences,2009,46(5):952–955.
[5]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97–108.(PENG Hua,MAXiumin,JIANG Jingjie.Analysis of the volume strain data from theShandan in-situ stress monitoring station[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97–108.(in Chinese))
[6]BRUDY M,ZOBACK M D,FUCHS K,et al.Estimation of thecomplete stress tensor to 8 km depth in the KTB scientific drill holes:implications for crustal strength[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):453–475.
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[8]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803–2813.(HE Manchao,XIEHeping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep miningengineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 803–2 813.(in Chinese))
[9]李朋武,崔军文,王连捷,等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔钻孔崩落与现场应力状态的确定[J].岩石学报,2005,21(2):421–426.(LIPengwu,CUI Junwen,WANG Lianjie,et al.The determination ofin-situ stress from wellbore breakouts in the main borehole of theChinese continental scientific drilling[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,21(2):421–426.(in Chinese))
[10]王连捷,崔军文,张晓卫,等.中国大陆科学钻主孔现今地应力状态[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2006,31(4):505–513.(WANG Lianjie,CUI Junwen,ZHANG Xiaowei,et al.In-situstale in the main borehole of the Chinese continental scientificdrilling[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(4):505–513.(in Chinese))
[11]景峰,梁合成,卞智华,等.地应力测量方法研究综述[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2008,29(2):71–75.(JING Feng,LIANGHecheng,BIAN Zhihua,et al.Review of geostress measurementmethod and study[J].Journal of North China Institute of WaterConservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2008,29(2):71–75.(inChinese))
[12]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3923–3 927.(GE Xiurun,HOU Mingxun.New approach to measuregeostress—local bore-hole-wall complete stress relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(in Chinese))
[13]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAIMeifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situstress measurement at deep position of No.2 mining area of Jinchuannickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
[14]吴满路,廖椿庭,张春山,等.红透山铜矿地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3943–3946.(WUManlu,LIAO Chunting,ZHANG Chunshan,et al.Resarch on in-situstress measurement and its distribution law in Hongtoushan coppermine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 943–3 946.(in Chinese))
[15]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.新疆下坂地水利枢纽地应力测量与研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):242–246.(LIU Yunfang,YIN Jianmin,LIU Yuankun.Measurement and study of in-situ stressesfor the Xiabandi Hydraulic Project,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):242–246.(in Chinese))
[16]刘允芳,朱杰兵,刘元坤.空心包体式钻孔三向应变计地应力测量的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(4):448–453.(LIUYunfang,ZHU Jiebing,LIU Yuankun.Research on hollow inclusionstrain gauge for geostress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2001,20(4):448–453.(in Chinese))
[17]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.深钻孔套心应力解除法的测量技术和实例[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):1–6.(LIU Yunfang,YINJianmin,LIU Yuankun.Measuring techniques and examples ofovercoring method in deep borehole[J].Journal of Yangtze RiverScientific Research Institute,2008,25(5):1–6.(in Chinese))
[18]刘允芳,龚壁新.深钻孔地应力测试技术与地应力场分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(3):63–72.(LIU Yunfang,GONG Bixin.Technique of geostress measurement in deep boreholes and method ofgeostress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(3):63–72.(in Chinese))
[19]蔡美峰,乔兰,于劲波.空心包体应变计测量精度问题[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(5):15–20.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Jinbo.Problems on accuracy of hollow inclusion strain cells[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(5):15–20.(inChinese))
[20]陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001:209–226.(LU Mingwan,LUO Xuefu.Foundations ofelasticity[M].2nd.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2001:209–226.(in Chinese))
[21]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和方法的评述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(3):275–283.(CAI Meifeng.Review of principles andmethods for rock stress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Rockmechanics and Engineering,1993,12(3):275–283.(in Chinese))
[22]崔晓锋,谢富仁,赵建涛.中国及邻区震源机制解的分区特征[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):298–308.(CUI Xiaofeng,XIE Furen,ZHAO Jiantao.The regional characteristics of focal mechanismsolutions in China and its adjacent areas[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(2):298–308.(in Chinese))
[23]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654–662.(XIE Furen,CUIXiaofeng,ZHAO Jiantao,et al.Regional division of the recenttectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2004,47(4):654–662.(in Chinese))
[24]周翠英,王铮铮,蒋海昆,等.华东地区现代地壳应力场及地震断层错动性质[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):273–289.(ZHOU Cuiying,WANG Zhengzheng,JIANG Haikun,et al.Contemporary crustalstress field and feature of earthquake fault slip in East China[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(2):273–289.(in Chinese))
[2]LIAO C T,ZHANG C S,WU M L,et al.Stress change near theKunlun fault before and after the MS 8.1 Kunlun earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(20):2 027–2 031.
[3]PENG H,MA X M,JIANG J J.Process Analysis of in-situ strainduring the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-data from the stressmonitoring station at Shandan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(4):754–766.
[4]CAI M F,PENG H,MA X M,et al.Evolution of the in situ rock strainobserved at Shandan Monitoring Station during the M 8.0 earthquakein Wenchuan,China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences,2009,46(5):952–955.
[5]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97–108.(PENG Hua,MAXiumin,JIANG Jingjie.Analysis of the volume strain data from theShandan in-situ stress monitoring station[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97–108.(in Chinese))
[6]BRUDY M,ZOBACK M D,FUCHS K,et al.Estimation of thecomplete stress tensor to 8 km depth in the KTB scientific drill holes:implications for crustal strength[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):453–475.
[7]ZOBACK M D,HARJES H P.Injection-inducted earthquakes andcrustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site,Germany[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):18 477–18 491.
[8]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803–2813.(HE Manchao,XIEHeping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep miningengineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 803–2 813.(in Chinese))
[9]李朋武,崔军文,王连捷,等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔钻孔崩落与现场应力状态的确定[J].岩石学报,2005,21(2):421–426.(LIPengwu,CUI Junwen,WANG Lianjie,et al.The determination ofin-situ stress from wellbore breakouts in the main borehole of theChinese continental scientific drilling[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2005,21(2):421–426.(in Chinese))
[10]王连捷,崔军文,张晓卫,等.中国大陆科学钻主孔现今地应力状态[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2006,31(4):505–513.(WANG Lianjie,CUI Junwen,ZHANG Xiaowei,et al.In-situstale in the main borehole of the Chinese continental scientificdrilling[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(4):505–513.(in Chinese))
[11]景峰,梁合成,卞智华,等.地应力测量方法研究综述[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2008,29(2):71–75.(JING Feng,LIANGHecheng,BIAN Zhihua,et al.Review of geostress measurementmethod and study[J].Journal of North China Institute of WaterConservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2008,29(2):71–75.(inChinese))
[12]葛修润,侯明勋.一种测定深部岩体地应力的新方法——钻孔局部壁面应力全解除法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3923–3 927.(GE Xiurun,HOU Mingxun.New approach to measuregeostress—local bore-hole-wall complete stress relief method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 923–3 927.(in Chinese))
[13]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAIMeifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situstress measurement at deep position of No.2 mining area of Jinchuannickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
[14]吴满路,廖椿庭,张春山,等.红透山铜矿地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3943–3946.(WUManlu,LIAO Chunting,ZHANG Chunshan,et al.Resarch on in-situstress measurement and its distribution law in Hongtoushan coppermine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 943–3 946.(in Chinese))
[15]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.新疆下坂地水利枢纽地应力测量与研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):242–246.(LIU Yunfang,YIN Jianmin,LIU Yuankun.Measurement and study of in-situ stressesfor the Xiabandi Hydraulic Project,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):242–246.(in Chinese))
[16]刘允芳,朱杰兵,刘元坤.空心包体式钻孔三向应变计地应力测量的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(4):448–453.(LIUYunfang,ZHU Jiebing,LIU Yuankun.Research on hollow inclusionstrain gauge for geostress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2001,20(4):448–453.(in Chinese))
[17]刘允芳,尹健民,刘元坤.深钻孔套心应力解除法的测量技术和实例[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):1–6.(LIU Yunfang,YINJianmin,LIU Yuankun.Measuring techniques and examples ofovercoring method in deep borehole[J].Journal of Yangtze RiverScientific Research Institute,2008,25(5):1–6.(in Chinese))
[18]刘允芳,龚壁新.深钻孔地应力测试技术与地应力场分析方法[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(3):63–72.(LIU Yunfang,GONG Bixin.Technique of geostress measurement in deep boreholes and method ofgeostress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(3):63–72.(in Chinese))
[19]蔡美峰,乔兰,于劲波.空心包体应变计测量精度问题[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(5):15–20.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Jinbo.Problems on accuracy of hollow inclusion strain cells[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(5):15–20.(inChinese))
[20]陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001:209–226.(LU Mingwan,LUO Xuefu.Foundations ofelasticity[M].2nd.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2001:209–226.(in Chinese))
[21]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理和方法的评述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(3):275–283.(CAI Meifeng.Review of principles andmethods for rock stress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Rockmechanics and Engineering,1993,12(3):275–283.(in Chinese))
[22]崔晓锋,谢富仁,赵建涛.中国及邻区震源机制解的分区特征[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):298–308.(CUI Xiaofeng,XIE Furen,ZHAO Jiantao.The regional characteristics of focal mechanismsolutions in China and its adjacent areas[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(2):298–308.(in Chinese))
[23]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛,等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654–662.(XIE Furen,CUIXiaofeng,ZHAO Jiantao,et al.Regional division of the recenttectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2004,47(4):654–662.(in Chinese))
[24]周翠英,王铮铮,蒋海昆,等.华东地区现代地壳应力场及地震断层错动性质[J].地震地质,2005,27(2):273–289.(ZHOU Cuiying,WANG Zhengzheng,JIANG Haikun,et al.Contemporary crustalstress field and feature of earthquake fault slip in East China[J].Seismology and Geology,2005,27(2):273–289.(in Chinese))
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