地下洞室群开挖卸荷过程微震活动特征研究
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摘要
猴子岩水电站地下厂房开挖跨度大,其上覆岩体构造和受力条件复杂,开挖卸荷过程围岩稳定一直都是贯穿工程始终的重点和难点问题。目前常规监测手段难以对地下厂房围岩内部可能存在的微破裂进行有效监测和揭示,为实时分析开挖过程地下洞室群围岩变形和稳定性,2013年4月在猴子岩水电站地下厂房安装了高精度微震监测系统,实现了开挖卸荷过程地下工程深部围岩微破裂实时定位和分析。监测结果表明:微震活动性时空演化规律可以很好地揭示地下厂房岩体内部微破裂萌生、发育、扩展、相互作用和贯通直至宏观变形机制;同时,微震监测可以随厂房开挖工况动态识别和圈定围岩微破裂集中区域及其潜在变形失稳风险区域。最后,借助物探检测声波测试成果,建立微震活动性与岩体质量之间的联系。研究结果可供猴子岩水电站地下厂房下阶段开挖与支护参考和借鉴,也为类似深埋地下工程围岩稳定性预测和评价开辟了一条新的思路。
The underground powerhouse of Houziyan hydropower station is a typical deep-buried powerhouse with characteristics such as large scale excavation span,complex structures and stress condition of overlying rock mass.The stability of rock mass in the process of excavation unloading has always been one of the most important and difficult problems during the project construction.So far conventional monitoring methods such as GPS,multiple position extensometers cannot effectively measure and reveal the microfractures inside the surrounding rock mass of underground powerhouse.A high resolution microseismic monitoring system was installed in the underground powerhouse on April 2013,aiming to real-time analyze the deformation and stability of surrounding rock mass subjected with continuous excavation.The real time positioning and investigation of microfractures in deep rock mass is achieved.The monitoring results show that the temporal-spatial evolution distribution regularity of microseismicity can demonstrate the failure mechanism of initiation,propagation,coalescence,interaction and breakthrough till macroscopic deformation of microcracks in deep rock mass of underground powerhouse.Meanwhile,microseismic monitoring can dynamically identify and delineate micro-fracture clustering areas of surrounding rockmass and the potential instability risk areas in the underground powerhouse along with continuous excavation.Finally,assisted with acoustic detection results,a relationship is established between microseismic clusters and rock mass quality.The results could provide guidelines for later excavations and supports in the underground powerhouse of Houziyan hydropower station.Moreover,it's also a new idea for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock mass in similar deep-buried underground engineering.
The underground powerhouse of Houziyan hydropower station is a typical deep-buried powerhouse with characteristics such as large scale excavation span,complex structures and stress condition of overlying rock mass.The stability of rock mass in the process of excavation unloading has always been one of the most important and difficult problems during the project construction.So far conventional monitoring methods such as GPS,multiple position extensometers cannot effectively measure and reveal the microfractures inside the surrounding rock mass of underground powerhouse.A high resolution microseismic monitoring system was installed in the underground powerhouse on April 2013,aiming to real-time analyze the deformation and stability of surrounding rock mass subjected with continuous excavation.The real time positioning and investigation of microfractures in deep rock mass is achieved.The monitoring results show that the temporal-spatial evolution distribution regularity of microseismicity can demonstrate the failure mechanism of initiation,propagation,coalescence,interaction and breakthrough till macroscopic deformation of microcracks in deep rock mass of underground powerhouse.Meanwhile,microseismic monitoring can dynamically identify and delineate micro-fracture clustering areas of surrounding rockmass and the potential instability risk areas in the underground powerhouse along with continuous excavation.Finally,assisted with acoustic detection results,a relationship is established between microseismic clusters and rock mass quality.The results could provide guidelines for later excavations and supports in the underground powerhouse of Houziyan hydropower station.Moreover,it's also a new idea for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock mass in similar deep-buried underground engineering.
引文
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[13]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.(XU Nu-wen,TANG Chun-an,ZHOU Zhong,et al.Identification Method of Potential Failure Regions of Rock Slope Using Microseismic Monitoring Technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):893-900.(in Chinese))
[14]李彪,戴峰,徐奴文,等.深埋地下厂房微震监测系统及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1).(LI Biao,DAI feng,XU Nu-wen,et al.Microseismic Monitoring System and Its Engineering Applications of Deep-buried Underground Powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Sup.1)(in Chinese))
[15]唐礼忠,汪令辉,张君,等.大规模开采矿山地震视应力和变形与区域性危险地震预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1168-1178.(TANG Lizhong,WANG Ling-hui,ZHANG Jun,et al.Seismic Apparent Stress and Deformation in a Deep Mine under Large-scale Mining and Areal Hazardous Seismic Prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1168-1178.(in Chinese))
[2]YANG C X,LUO Z Q,HU G B,et al.Application of a Microseismic Monitoring System in Deep Mining[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,14(1):6-8.
[3]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,et al.Research of Multi-channel Microseismic Monitoring System and Its Application to Fankou Lead-zinc Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.(in Chinese))
[4]唐礼忠,杨承祥,潘长良.大规模深井开采微震监测系统站网布置优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2036-2042.(TANG Li-zhong,YANG Cheng-xiang,PAN Chang-liang.Optimization of Microseismic Monitoring Network for Large-scale Deep Well Mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2036-2042.(in Chinese))
[5]杨志国,于润沧,郭然,等.微震监测技术在深井矿山中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1066-1073.(YANG Zhi-guo,YU Run-cang,GUO Ran,et al.Application of Microseismic Monitoring to Deep Mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1066-1073.(in Chinese))
[6]徐奴文,唐春安,沙椿,等.锦屏I级水电站左岸边坡微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):915-925.(XU Nu-wen,TANG Chun-an,SHA Chun,et al.Microseismic Monitoring System Establishment and Its Engineering Applications to Left Bank Slope of Jinping I Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):915-925.(in Chinese))
[7]XU N W,TANG C A,LI L C,et al.Microseismic Monitoring and Stability Analysis of the Left Bank Slope in Jinping First Stage Hydropower Station in Southwestern China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):950-963.
[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275-283.(CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,ZENG Xionghui,et al.Real-time Microseismic Monitoring and Its Characteristic Analysis During TBM Tunneling in Deep-buried Tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):275-283.(in Chinese))
[9]赵周能,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆的相关性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):491-497.(ZHAO Zhou-neng,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Study of Relativity between Rockburst and Microseismic Activity Zone in Deep Tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(2):491-497.(in Chinese))
[10]明华军,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.基于矩张量的深埋隧洞岩爆机制分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(1):163-173.(MING Hua-jun,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Analysis of Rockburst Mechanism for Deep Tunnel Based on Moment Tensor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(1):163-173.(in Chinese))
[11]张伯虎,邓建辉,高明忠,等.基于微震监测的水电站地下厂房安全性评价研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):937-944.(ZHANG Bo-hu,DENG Jian-hui,GAO Ming-zhong,et al.Safety Evaluation Research Based on Microseismic Monitoring in Underground Powerhouse of Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):937-944.(in Chinese))
[12]张伯虎,邓建辉,周志辉,等.大岗山水电站厂房断层控制区域微震监测分析[J].岩土力学,2012,33(增2):213-218.(ZHANG Bo-hu,DENG Jian-hui,ZHOU Zhi-hui,et al.Analysis of Monitoring Microseism in Areas Controlled by Faults near Powerhouse in Dagangshan Hydropower Station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(Sup.2):213-218.(in Chinese))
[13]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.(XU Nu-wen,TANG Chun-an,ZHOU Zhong,et al.Identification Method of Potential Failure Regions of Rock Slope Using Microseismic Monitoring Technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):893-900.(in Chinese))
[14]李彪,戴峰,徐奴文,等.深埋地下厂房微震监测系统及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增1).(LI Biao,DAI feng,XU Nu-wen,et al.Microseismic Monitoring System and Its Engineering Applications of Deep-buried Underground Powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Sup.1)(in Chinese))
[15]唐礼忠,汪令辉,张君,等.大规模开采矿山地震视应力和变形与区域性危险地震预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(6):1168-1178.(TANG Lizhong,WANG Ling-hui,ZHANG Jun,et al.Seismic Apparent Stress and Deformation in a Deep Mine under Large-scale Mining and Areal Hazardous Seismic Prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(6):1168-1178.(in Chinese))
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