南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征
|
摘要
南中国海北部陆坡神狐海域是天然气水合物发育的有利地区,钻井取芯表明此区域的天然气水合物以细颗粒状分布于水合物稳定带内.以三维地震数据为基础,讨论海洋天然气水合物调查的高分辨率地震成像关键技术,综合利用不同的地球物理方法(阻抗反演、属性聚类分析及神经网络方法等),以钻井结果为约束分析不同方法对天然气水合物识别的适用性,确定利用属性聚类方法来获得神狐海域天然气水合物与游离气的三维空间展布特征.将钻井取芯结果与地质条件相结合,综合多方面地球物理信息,分析产生这一分布特征的地质原因,指出断层与裂缝是南海北部陆坡神狐海域水合物、游离气的分布模式及天然气水合物形成的主要地质控制因素.
Shenhu Area of Northern South China Sea has favorable conditions for the occurrence and formation of gas hydrate, which was discovered in drilling cores and disseminated evenly within the hydrate stable zone(HSZ).Based on 3-D seismic data of marine geophysical investigation of gas hydrate, a variety of methods on gas hydrate identification were introduced, including high-resolution seismic imaging, impedance inversion, seismic attribute cluster analysis and neural network analysis.The applicability of various techniques was discussed and comprehensive interpretation of the results indicates that seismic attribute cluster analysis is the optimal technique for gas hydrate identification,by which the 3-D distribution of free gas and gas hydrate is presented and is identical with the drilling cores.Integrating the drilling cores with geological conditions,various geophysical information was used to analyze the geological cause of formation and the distributing model of free gas and gas hydrate, from which it can be concluded that faults and fractures are the important if not dominant factor in the formation and distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu Area.
Shenhu Area of Northern South China Sea has favorable conditions for the occurrence and formation of gas hydrate, which was discovered in drilling cores and disseminated evenly within the hydrate stable zone(HSZ).Based on 3-D seismic data of marine geophysical investigation of gas hydrate, a variety of methods on gas hydrate identification were introduced, including high-resolution seismic imaging, impedance inversion, seismic attribute cluster analysis and neural network analysis.The applicability of various techniques was discussed and comprehensive interpretation of the results indicates that seismic attribute cluster analysis is the optimal technique for gas hydrate identification,by which the 3-D distribution of free gas and gas hydrate is presented and is identical with the drilling cores.Integrating the drilling cores with geological conditions,various geophysical information was used to analyze the geological cause of formation and the distributing model of free gas and gas hydrate, from which it can be concluded that faults and fractures are the important if not dominant factor in the formation and distribution of gas hydrate in Shenhu Area.
引文
[1] 张光学,祝有海,徐华宁.非活动大陆边缘的天然气水合物及其成藏过程述评.地质论评,2003,49(2) :181～186 ZhangG X,Zhu Y H,Xu H N.Gas hydrate on the passive continental margin and its pool-formation process.Geological Review(in Chinese),2003,49(2) :181～186
[2] Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrate-geological perspective and global change.Reviews of Geophysics,1993,31 :173～187
[3] Vanneste M,Batist M D,Golmshtok A,Versteeg W.Multifrequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal,Siberia.Marine Geology,2001,172:1～21
[4] Katzman Holbrooh W S,Paull C K.Combinated verticalincidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,Blake Ridge.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(4) :1975～1995
[5] Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T,et al.Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling.Science,1996,273 :1840～1843
[6] Stoll R D,Bryan C M.Physical properties of sediments containing gas hydrate.J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84:1629～1634
[7] 徐华宁,郑晓东,张光学.南中国海存在天然气水合物的地球物理证据.地质科技情报,2006,25(2) :60～63 Xu H N,Zheng X D,Zhang G X.Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence in South China Sea.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),2006,25(2) :60～63
[8] 宋海斌,吴时国,江为为.南海东北部973剖面BSR及其热流特征.地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1508～1517 Song H B,Wu S G,Jiang W W.The characteristics of BSRs and their derived heat flow on the profile 973 in the northern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1508～1517
[9] 徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学等.天然气水合物地震识别研究.天然气工业,2006,26(9) :49～51 Xu H N,Liang B W,Zhang G X,et al.Seismic identification of gas hydrate on northern slope of South China Sea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2006,26(9) :49～51
[10] Xu Huaning,Li Liqing,Shu Hu,et al.The seismic reflecting characteristics of gas hydrate bearing strata and its possible distribution in the South China Sea.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1) :42～47
[11] 宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(Ⅱ):地震方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :110～118 Song H B.Geophysical research on marine gas hydrate(Ⅱ):Seismic methods.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3) :110～118
[12] 宋海斌,耿建华,WANG How-King等.南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物的初步研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :193～202 Song H B,Geng J H,WANG How-King,et al.A preliminary study of gas hydrate in Dongsha region,north of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :193～202
[13] 吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系.地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1641～1650 Wu N Y,Yang S X,Wang H B,et al.Gas-bearing fluid influx sub-system for gas hydrate in Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6) :1641～1650
[14] 吴时国,董冬冬,杨胜雄等.南海北部陆坡细粒沉积物天然气水合物系统的形成模式初探.地球物理学报,2009,52(7) :1849～1857 Wu S G,Dong D D,Yang S X,et al.Genetic model of the hydrate system in the fine grain sediments in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(7) :1849～1857
[15] 吴能友,张海啟,杨胜雄等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探.天然气工业,2007,27(9) :1～6 Wu N Y,Zhang H Q,Yang S X,et al.Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoir system of Shenhu area,North slope of South China Sea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2007,27(9) :1～6
[16] 徐华宁,舒虎,李丽青等.单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术.地球物理学进展,2009,24(5) :1801～1806 Xu H N,Shu H,Li L Q,et al.3-D seismic data processing techniques for gas hydrate by the single-source and singlecable acquisition method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5) :1801～1806
[17] 栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜等.海域天然气水合物勘测的地球物理方法.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :210～219 Luan X W,Zhao K B,Sun D S,et al.Geophysical methods for marine gas hydrates exploration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :210～219
[18] 许升辉,邓辉,阎贫等.台湾西南海域地震数据处理及天然气水合物地震属性.地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1823～1830 Xu S H,Deng H,Yan P,et al.Seismic data processing and seismic attributes of gas hydrate offset southwestern Taiwan.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6) :1823～1830
[19] 关进安,樊栓狮,梁德青等.南海琼东南盆地渗漏系统甲烷水合物生长速度.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :765～775 Guan J A,Fan S S,Liang D Q,et al.Methane hydrate growth velocity in seepage system of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :765～775
[20] Xu W,Ruppel C.Predicting the occurrence,distribution,and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments.Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B3) :5081～5095
[21] Clennell M B,Hovland M,Booth J S,et al.Formation of natural gas hydrate in marine sediments:1． conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties.Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:22985～23003
[2] Kvenvolden K A.Gas hydrate-geological perspective and global change.Reviews of Geophysics,1993,31 :173～187
[3] Vanneste M,Batist M D,Golmshtok A,Versteeg W.Multifrequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal,Siberia.Marine Geology,2001,172:1～21
[4] Katzman Holbrooh W S,Paull C K.Combinated verticalincidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,Blake Ridge.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(4) :1975～1995
[5] Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T,et al.Methane hydrate and free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling.Science,1996,273 :1840～1843
[6] Stoll R D,Bryan C M.Physical properties of sediments containing gas hydrate.J.Geophys.Res.,1979,84:1629～1634
[7] 徐华宁,郑晓东,张光学.南中国海存在天然气水合物的地球物理证据.地质科技情报,2006,25(2) :60～63 Xu H N,Zheng X D,Zhang G X.Geophysical indications of gas hydrate occurrence in South China Sea.Geological Science and Technology Information(in Chinese),2006,25(2) :60～63
[8] 宋海斌,吴时国,江为为.南海东北部973剖面BSR及其热流特征.地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1508～1517 Song H B,Wu S G,Jiang W W.The characteristics of BSRs and their derived heat flow on the profile 973 in the northern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(5) :1508～1517
[9] 徐华宁,梁蓓雯,张光学等.天然气水合物地震识别研究.天然气工业,2006,26(9) :49～51 Xu H N,Liang B W,Zhang G X,et al.Seismic identification of gas hydrate on northern slope of South China Sea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2006,26(9) :49～51
[10] Xu Huaning,Li Liqing,Shu Hu,et al.The seismic reflecting characteristics of gas hydrate bearing strata and its possible distribution in the South China Sea.Applied Geophysics,2006,3(1) :42～47
[11] 宋海斌.海洋天然气水合物地球物理研究(Ⅱ):地震方法.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :110～118 Song H B.Geophysical research on marine gas hydrate(Ⅱ):Seismic methods.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2001,16(3) :110～118
[12] 宋海斌,耿建华,WANG How-King等.南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物的初步研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(5) :193～202 Song H B,Geng J H,WANG How-King,et al.A preliminary study of gas hydrate in Dongsha region,north of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5) :193～202
[13] 吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系.地球物理学报,2009,52(6) :1641～1650 Wu N Y,Yang S X,Wang H B,et al.Gas-bearing fluid influx sub-system for gas hydrate in Shenhu Area,Northern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6) :1641～1650
[14] 吴时国,董冬冬,杨胜雄等.南海北部陆坡细粒沉积物天然气水合物系统的形成模式初探.地球物理学报,2009,52(7) :1849～1857 Wu S G,Dong D D,Yang S X,et al.Genetic model of the hydrate system in the fine grain sediments in the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(7) :1849～1857
[15] 吴能友,张海啟,杨胜雄等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探.天然气工业,2007,27(9) :1～6 Wu N Y,Zhang H Q,Yang S X,et al.Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoir system of Shenhu area,North slope of South China Sea.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2007,27(9) :1～6
[16] 徐华宁,舒虎,李丽青等.单源单缆方式采集的天然气水合物三维地震数据处理技术.地球物理学进展,2009,24(5) :1801～1806 Xu H N,Shu H,Li L Q,et al.3-D seismic data processing techniques for gas hydrate by the single-source and singlecable acquisition method.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5) :1801～1806
[17] 栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜等.海域天然气水合物勘测的地球物理方法.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :210～219 Luan X W,Zhao K B,Sun D S,et al.Geophysical methods for marine gas hydrates exploration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1) :210～219
[18] 许升辉,邓辉,阎贫等.台湾西南海域地震数据处理及天然气水合物地震属性.地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1823～1830 Xu S H,Deng H,Yan P,et al.Seismic data processing and seismic attributes of gas hydrate offset southwestern Taiwan.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6) :1823～1830
[19] 关进安,樊栓狮,梁德青等.南海琼东南盆地渗漏系统甲烷水合物生长速度.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :765～775 Guan J A,Fan S S,Liang D Q,et al.Methane hydrate growth velocity in seepage system of Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :765～775
[20] Xu W,Ruppel C.Predicting the occurrence,distribution,and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments.Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B3) :5081～5095
[21] Clennell M B,Hovland M,Booth J S,et al.Formation of natural gas hydrate in marine sediments:1． conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties.Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104:22985～23003
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心