影响构造形态的原因分析及解决思路——以准噶尔盆地泉1井区三维地震资料为例
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摘要
复杂地区的地震勘探往往由于处理中时深转换速度难以准确获得等原因而导致构造形态畸变,圈闭难以落实。结合理论模型,从影响构造成图精度的基准面静校正和时深转换速度入手,详细剖析了复杂地表静校正方法带来的误差,分析了静校正后的地震波场并不等效于在给定基准面上激发的地震波场以及造成时距关系产生畸变而影响地震速度精度的原因。在此基础上总结了复杂构造带来的地震速度偏差导致构造形态畸变的原因,同时给出了解决问题的思路和方法。
In the area with complex geologic conditions,the structural distortion is often caused by seismic data processing and time-depth conversion velocity which cannot be acquired exactly,so it is difficult to ascertain traps.Starting from datum static correction and time-depth conversion velocity,combined with theoretical models,we probed the error resulted from surface static correction method in detail and analyzed the reason that seismic wavefield after static correction is not equivalent to seismic wavefield shot at given datum and the cause of affecting the accuracy seismic velocity resulted from the distortion of time-distance relation.On the basis,we concluded the reasons of structural distortion caused by seismic velocity deviation coming from complex structures.Meanwhile,the clue and method for solving the problems were proposed.
In the area with complex geologic conditions,the structural distortion is often caused by seismic data processing and time-depth conversion velocity which cannot be acquired exactly,so it is difficult to ascertain traps.Starting from datum static correction and time-depth conversion velocity,combined with theoretical models,we probed the error resulted from surface static correction method in detail and analyzed the reason that seismic wavefield after static correction is not equivalent to seismic wavefield shot at given datum and the cause of affecting the accuracy seismic velocity resulted from the distortion of time-distance relation.On the basis,we concluded the reasons of structural distortion caused by seismic velocity deviation coming from complex structures.Meanwhile,the clue and method for solving the problems were proposed.
引文
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[13]陈爱萍,邹文,李亚林,等.起伏地表波动方程叠前深度偏移技术[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):470-475Chen A P,Zou W,Li Y L,et al.Wave equation pre-stack depth migration technology in rolling surfacearea[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):470-475
[14]熊友亮,陈洪堤,王敏.复杂地表的叠前时间偏移技术[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(4):615-616Xiong Y L,Chen H D,Wang M.Prestack time mi-gration technology With complex surface[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(4):615-616
[15]方伍宝,孙建国,赵改善,等.波动方程叠前深度偏移成像软件系统的研制及应用[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):486-491Fang W B,Sun J G,Zhao G S,et al.The imagingsoftware system of wave equation prestack migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):486-491
[16]杨海生,王必金,陈玉明,等.基于起伏地表的合成平面波叠前深度偏移[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):129-138Yang H S,Wang B J,Chen Y M,et al.Synthesizedplane wave pre-stack depth migration from ruggedsurface[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):129-138
[2]郑鸿明,吕焕通,娄兵,等.地震勘探近地表异常校正[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:15-22Zheng H M,Lv H T,Lou B,et al.A correction onnear-surface abnormity in seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009:15-22
[3]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,等.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232-1240Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,et al.A study on theapplication of the 3-D wave-equation-datuming[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1232-1240
[4]管路平,冯波,王华忠.偏移速度分析的精度与观测系统的关系[J].石油物探,2009,48(2):107-109Guan L P,Feng B,Wang H Z.Relationship betweenthe accuracy of migration velocity analysis and ge-ometry[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(2):107-109
[5]叶勇,孙武亮,孙开峰.塔中围斜区连片精细速度建模与变速成图[J].石油物探,2010,49(4):401-407Ye Y,Sun W L,Sun K F.Detailed velocity modelingand velocity-variable structure mapping of eight-pie-cing processing in Tazhong area[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2010,49(4):401-407
[6]凌云,郭建明,郭向宇,等.油藏描述中的井震时深转换技术研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):1-13Ling Y,Guo J M,Guo X Y,et al.Research on time-depth conversion by well-to-seismic in reservoircharacterization[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pe-troleum,2011,50(1):1-13
[7]杨江峰,王咸彬,洪太元,等.准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造变速成图[J].石油物探,2008,47(2):179-182Yang J F,Wang X B,Hong T Y,et al.Application ofvarying velocity mapping technique for mountainfront in southern Junggar basin[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2008,47(2):179-182
[8]杨海生.起伏地表波动方程波场延拓起始面研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(1):66-71Yang H S.Study on starting datum of wave equationwave field continuation for rolling surfaces[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(1):66-71
[9]徐秀刚,李振春,吕彬.基于波动方程的共聚焦成像技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(4):329-333Xu X G,Li Z C,Lv B.Common focus-point imagingbased on wave equation[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2007,46(4):329-333
[10]杨锴,王华忠,程玖兵,等.非水平观测面有限差分法叠前波动方程基准面校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):154-163Yang K,Wang H Z,Cheng J B,et al.Prestack waveequation datum correction from non-flat surface withfinite-difference scheme[J].Oil Geophysical Pros-pecting,2002,37(2):154-163
[11]郭向宇,凌云,高军,等.井震联合勘探技术研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450Guo X Y,Ling Y,Gao J,et al.Study of seismic-log-ging joint seismic exploration technology[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(5):438-450
[12]方伍宝,朱海波,潘宏勋,等.基于地表直接偏移技术的山区复杂构造成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):363-368Fang W B,Zhu H B,Pan H X,et al.Application ofseismic migration direct from ground surface in imagingcomplex structure in mountainous area[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics,2008,31(5):363-368
[13]陈爱萍,邹文,李亚林,等.起伏地表波动方程叠前深度偏移技术[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):470-475Chen A P,Zou W,Li Y L,et al.Wave equation pre-stack depth migration technology in rolling surfacearea[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):470-475
[14]熊友亮,陈洪堤,王敏.复杂地表的叠前时间偏移技术[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(4):615-616Xiong Y L,Chen H D,Wang M.Prestack time mi-gration technology With complex surface[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(4):615-616
[15]方伍宝,孙建国,赵改善,等.波动方程叠前深度偏移成像软件系统的研制及应用[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):486-491Fang W B,Sun J G,Zhao G S,et al.The imagingsoftware system of wave equation prestack migration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):486-491
[16]杨海生,王必金,陈玉明,等.基于起伏地表的合成平面波叠前深度偏移[J].石油物探,2011,50(2):129-138Yang H S,Wang B J,Chen Y M,et al.Synthesizedplane wave pre-stack depth migration from ruggedsurface[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(2):129-138
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