钢筋混凝土空间框架底层梁柱节点双向往复加载试验研究
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摘要
"强柱弱梁"和"强节点弱构件"是钢筋混凝土延性框架结构抗震设计中的重要概念。然而受楼板参与工作、双向地震动作用等因素的影响,抗震规范中规定的抗震构造措施可能无法保证上述抗震概念的实现。针对我国中低烈度区的既有多层钢筋混凝土框架结构,设计4个包含底层柱脚的空间梁柱节点试验体,其中包括2个中柱节点和2个边柱节点,并通过双向往复加载试验,考察空间双向加载作用和现浇楼板对其承载力、延性和破坏模式等方面抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明,无论是否考虑现浇楼板的作用,按抗震规范设计的三级框架节点试验体在双向往复荷载作用下均未出现预期的"强柱弱梁"的破坏模式。相反,2个中柱节点试验体均在底层柱脚发生脆性破坏,2个边柱节点试验体均在底层柱顶与节点区附近发生脆性破坏。特别是对于边柱节点,由于节点区在一侧缺少梁的约束而过早发生节点区破坏。其承载力明显低于中柱节点。在这种破坏模式下,楼板的存在对于构件承载力影响不大,但楼板为边柱节点区提供的约束作用有助于在一定程度上提高其非线性变形能力。
‘Strong column-weak beam'and ‘strong joint-weak member'are the important design principles for the ductile moment-resisting reinforced concrete( RC) frames. The desired seismic performance governed by these principles,however,may not be easily realized because of various uncertainties including the contributions from the castin-place RC slabs and the in-filled wall members as well as the bidirectional earthquake actions. Four 1: 2-scale threedimensional RC beam-column joint specimens,two for the interior joints and the other two for exterior mid-edge joints,are tested under the bidirectional cyclic loading for the impacts of bidirectional loading and the contribution of cast-inplace slabs on the seismic performance of RC frames including the bearing capacity,ductility and failure modes. The test results show that all specimens failed to exhibit the desired mechanism of ‘strong column-weak beam ' under bidirectional cyclic loading regardless of the presence of slabs,although they are designed according to the Chinese seismic design code. Instead,the brittle failure of interior joint specimens may occur at the bottom end of the column,while for the failure of exterior joint,it may occur as the consequence of the reduced beam confinement in the joint zone and the lower strength. For such failure modes,the presence of slabs has little impact on the bearing capacity of the joint specimens,but the confinement of exterior joint zones provided by the slabs is beneficial to the increase of deformability of the joint.
‘Strong column-weak beam'and ‘strong joint-weak member'are the important design principles for the ductile moment-resisting reinforced concrete( RC) frames. The desired seismic performance governed by these principles,however,may not be easily realized because of various uncertainties including the contributions from the castin-place RC slabs and the in-filled wall members as well as the bidirectional earthquake actions. Four 1: 2-scale threedimensional RC beam-column joint specimens,two for the interior joints and the other two for exterior mid-edge joints,are tested under the bidirectional cyclic loading for the impacts of bidirectional loading and the contribution of cast-inplace slabs on the seismic performance of RC frames including the bearing capacity,ductility and failure modes. The test results show that all specimens failed to exhibit the desired mechanism of ‘strong column-weak beam ' under bidirectional cyclic loading regardless of the presence of slabs,although they are designed according to the Chinese seismic design code. Instead,the brittle failure of interior joint specimens may occur at the bottom end of the column,while for the failure of exterior joint,it may occur as the consequence of the reduced beam confinement in the joint zone and the lower strength. For such failure modes,the presence of slabs has little impact on the bearing capacity of the joint specimens,but the confinement of exterior joint zones provided by the slabs is beneficial to the increase of deformability of the joint.
引文
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[9]Zhu B L,Chen Y Z.Behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints sujected to bi-directional cyclic loading[J].ACI Special Publication,1991,123:69-96
[10]刘春阳,李振宝,马华,等.钢筋混凝土框架空间节点抗震性能试验研究[J].工业建筑,2011,41(6):67-70(Liu Chunyang,Li Zhenbao,Ma Hua,et al.Experiment study on aseismic behavior of RC frame space joints[J].Industrial Construction,2011,41(6):67-70(in Chinese))
[11]李振宝,刘春阳,马华.45°方向地震作用下RC空间梁柱节点破坏机制研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(7):1005-1010(Li Zhenbao,Liu Chunyang,Ma Hua.Damage mechanism research on reinforced concrete spatial joints subjected to 45-degree direction cyclic loading[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2011,37(7):1005-1010(in Chinese))
[12]杨小卫,王亚勇.考虑板筋参与梁端承载力贡献的设计方法及抗震性能研究[J].建筑科学,2011,27(7):11-16(Yang Xiaowei,Wang Yayong.Study on design method and seismic performance in consideration of the contribution of rebar in slabs to the bearing capacity of beams[J].Building Science,2011,27(7):11-16(in Chinese))
[13]樊健生,周慧,聂建国,等.空间组合节点抗震试验方法的研究[J].结构工程师,2011,27(S):288-293(Fan Jiansheng,Zhou Hui,Nie Jianguo,et al.Test method of beam-column joints under bi-directional load[J].Structural Engineers,2010,27(S):288-293(in Chinese))
[14]王伟,李万祺,陈以一.空间框架梁柱节点伪静力试验研究的实现[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(10):107-112(Wang Wei,Li Wangqi,Chen Yiyi.Realization of pseudo-static experimental study of beam-to-column joints in three dimensional frames[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(10):107-112(in Chinese))
[15]薛伟辰,姜东升,陈以一,等.预应力混凝土空间节点抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(1):43-51(Xue Weichen,Jiang Dongsheng,Chen Yiyi,et al.Experimental study on seismic performance of prestressed concrete spatial joints[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(1):43-51(in Chinese))
[16]Li L,Mander J B,Dhakal R P.Bidirectional cyclic loading experiment on a 3D beam-column joint designed for damage avoidance[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2008,134(11):1733-1742
[17]黄汉炎,梁宇行,李曦新,等.钢管混凝土柱、RC梁板节点拟静力三向加载试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(6):3-13(Huang Hanyan,Liang Yuxing.Li Xixin,et al.Study on quasi-static 3D loading test for concrete-filled steel tubular column and RC beam-slab joints[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(6):3-13(in Chinese))
[18]邱法维,李文峰,潘鹏,等.钢筋混凝土柱的双向拟静力实验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(5):26-31(Qiu Fawei,Li Wenfeng,Pan Peng,et al.Quasi-static test research of reinforced concrete column under biaxial loading[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(5):26-31(in Chinese))
[19]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究——汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76(Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Zhao Shichun,et al.Seismic collapse resistance of RC frame structures—Case studies on seismic damages of several RC frame structures under extreme ground motion in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(6):67-76(in Chinese))
[20]日本建築学会.鉄筋コンクリート造建物の靱性保证型耐震設計指針·同解説[S].東京:日本建築学会,1997:245-249(AIJ.Design guidelines for earthquake resistant reinforced concrete buildings based on inelastic displacement concept[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1997:245-249(in Japanese))
[21]日本建築学会.鉄筋コンクリート構造計算規準·同解説[S].東京:日本建築学会,2010:150-154(AIJ.Standard for structural calculation of reinforced concrete structures[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,2010:150-154(in Japanese))
[2]袁贤讯,易伟健.钢筋混凝土框架“强柱弱梁”及轴压比限值的概率分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(3):64-68(Yuan Xianxun,Yi Weijian.Probability analysis on“strong beam and weak beam”and axial compression ratio in RC frame[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2000,22(3):64-68(in Chinese))
[3]杨红,韦锋,白绍良,等.柱增强系数取值对钢筋混凝土抗震框架塑性铰机构的控制效果[J].工程力学,2005,22(2):155-161(Yang Hong,Wei Feng,Bai Shaoliang,et al.Effect of moment amplification factors of columns on controlling plastic hinge mechanism of RC frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(2):155-161(in Chinese))
[4]马千里,叶列平,陆新征,等.现浇楼板对框架结构柱梁强度比的影响研究[R]//汶川地震建筑灾害调查与灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:263-271
[5]叶列平,曲哲,马千里,等.从汶川地震中框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁“屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52-59(Ye Lieping,Qu Zhe,Ma Qianli,et al.Study on ensuring the strong column-weak beam mechanism for RC frames based on the damage analysis in the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Building Structure,2008,38(11):52-59(in Chinese))
[6]Paulay T,Priestley M J N.Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings[M].John Wiley&Sons,1992:218-219
[7]张连德.钢筋砼空间框架节点抗震性能的研究[J].建筑结构学报,1987,8(2):1-9(Zhang Liande.A study of earthquake resisting behavior of reinforced concrete space frame joint[J].Journal of Building Structures,1987,8(2):1-9(in Chinese))
[8]陈永春,高红旗,马颖军,等.双向反复荷载下钢筋砼空间框架梁柱节点受剪承载力及梁筋粘结锚固性能的试验研究[J].建筑科学,1995,2:13-20(Chen Yongchun,Gao Hongqi,Ma Yingjun,et al.Study on shear capacity and bond behavior of longitudinal reinforcement of RC space frame interior beam-column joints under biaxial cyclic loading[J].Building Science,1995,2:13-20(in Chinese))
[9]Zhu B L,Chen Y Z.Behavior of exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joints sujected to bi-directional cyclic loading[J].ACI Special Publication,1991,123:69-96
[10]刘春阳,李振宝,马华,等.钢筋混凝土框架空间节点抗震性能试验研究[J].工业建筑,2011,41(6):67-70(Liu Chunyang,Li Zhenbao,Ma Hua,et al.Experiment study on aseismic behavior of RC frame space joints[J].Industrial Construction,2011,41(6):67-70(in Chinese))
[11]李振宝,刘春阳,马华.45°方向地震作用下RC空间梁柱节点破坏机制研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(7):1005-1010(Li Zhenbao,Liu Chunyang,Ma Hua.Damage mechanism research on reinforced concrete spatial joints subjected to 45-degree direction cyclic loading[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2011,37(7):1005-1010(in Chinese))
[12]杨小卫,王亚勇.考虑板筋参与梁端承载力贡献的设计方法及抗震性能研究[J].建筑科学,2011,27(7):11-16(Yang Xiaowei,Wang Yayong.Study on design method and seismic performance in consideration of the contribution of rebar in slabs to the bearing capacity of beams[J].Building Science,2011,27(7):11-16(in Chinese))
[13]樊健生,周慧,聂建国,等.空间组合节点抗震试验方法的研究[J].结构工程师,2011,27(S):288-293(Fan Jiansheng,Zhou Hui,Nie Jianguo,et al.Test method of beam-column joints under bi-directional load[J].Structural Engineers,2010,27(S):288-293(in Chinese))
[14]王伟,李万祺,陈以一.空间框架梁柱节点伪静力试验研究的实现[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(10):107-112(Wang Wei,Li Wangqi,Chen Yiyi.Realization of pseudo-static experimental study of beam-to-column joints in three dimensional frames[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(10):107-112(in Chinese))
[15]薛伟辰,姜东升,陈以一,等.预应力混凝土空间节点抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(1):43-51(Xue Weichen,Jiang Dongsheng,Chen Yiyi,et al.Experimental study on seismic performance of prestressed concrete spatial joints[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(1):43-51(in Chinese))
[16]Li L,Mander J B,Dhakal R P.Bidirectional cyclic loading experiment on a 3D beam-column joint designed for damage avoidance[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2008,134(11):1733-1742
[17]黄汉炎,梁宇行,李曦新,等.钢管混凝土柱、RC梁板节点拟静力三向加载试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(6):3-13(Huang Hanyan,Liang Yuxing.Li Xixin,et al.Study on quasi-static 3D loading test for concrete-filled steel tubular column and RC beam-slab joints[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(6):3-13(in Chinese))
[18]邱法维,李文峰,潘鹏,等.钢筋混凝土柱的双向拟静力实验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(5):26-31(Qiu Fawei,Li Wenfeng,Pan Peng,et al.Quasi-static test research of reinforced concrete column under biaxial loading[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(5):26-31(in Chinese))
[19]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究——汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76(Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Zhao Shichun,et al.Seismic collapse resistance of RC frame structures—Case studies on seismic damages of several RC frame structures under extreme ground motion in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(6):67-76(in Chinese))
[20]日本建築学会.鉄筋コンクリート造建物の靱性保证型耐震設計指針·同解説[S].東京:日本建築学会,1997:245-249(AIJ.Design guidelines for earthquake resistant reinforced concrete buildings based on inelastic displacement concept[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1997:245-249(in Japanese))
[21]日本建築学会.鉄筋コンクリート構造計算規準·同解説[S].東京:日本建築学会,2010:150-154(AIJ.Standard for structural calculation of reinforced concrete structures[S].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,2010:150-154(in Japanese))
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