岩石破坏过程中波速变化特征的试验研究
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摘要
在单轴阶段加载条件下,对取自闽南地区的闪长岩岩样进行了不同方向上纵波传播速度以及声发射活动的测试,并据此归纳总结出不同方向波速在岩石破裂过程中的变化规律。研究结果表明:微裂纹演化在方向上的不均匀导致波速变化特征的各向异性。对于平行于加载方向的波速,变化过程为压密应力(约0.2σc)前的非线性快速上升及该应力后的线性上升,岩石破裂前的波速降并不明显;而对于垂直于荷载方向的波速,变化过程则为在约(0.3~0.5)σc前的少量上升及该应力后的加速下降,岩石破裂前的波速降非常明显。
Under uniaxial multilevel loading conditions,the longitudinal wave velocities in different directions were measured as well as acoustic emission( AE) activities. The diorite specimens were taken from southern region of Fujian Province and according to the test the law of wave velocity variation in different directions in the process of rock failure is summarized. Experimental results show that inhomogeneous evolution of micro cracks on different directions leads to the anisotropy of wave velocities. For the wave velocity parallel to the loading direction,the change process was characterized by an initial quick,nonlinear rise below a critical stress( about 0. 2σc),followed by a more gradual linear increase above this critical stress,and the drop was not obvious when the rock was about to fracture. For the wave velocity perpendicular to the loading direction,the change process was characterized by a slightly rise below a critical stress( about 0. 3- 0. 5σc),followed by an accelerated decrease above this critical stress,and the drop was very obvious when the rock was about to fracture.
Under uniaxial multilevel loading conditions,the longitudinal wave velocities in different directions were measured as well as acoustic emission( AE) activities. The diorite specimens were taken from southern region of Fujian Province and according to the test the law of wave velocity variation in different directions in the process of rock failure is summarized. Experimental results show that inhomogeneous evolution of micro cracks on different directions leads to the anisotropy of wave velocities. For the wave velocity parallel to the loading direction,the change process was characterized by an initial quick,nonlinear rise below a critical stress( about 0. 2σc),followed by a more gradual linear increase above this critical stress,and the drop was not obvious when the rock was about to fracture. For the wave velocity perpendicular to the loading direction,the change process was characterized by a slightly rise below a critical stress( about 0. 3- 0. 5σc),followed by an accelerated decrease above this critical stress,and the drop was very obvious when the rock was about to fracture.
引文
[1]陈祥,孙进忠,谭朝爽,等.岩块波速-应力关系及其卸荷效应[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(5):757-761.
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[4]Toks Z M,Cheng A C,Timur A.Velocities of seismic waves in porous rocks[J].Geophysics,1976,41(4):621-635.
[5]Mao N,Sweeney J,Hanson J,et al.Using a sonic technique to estimate in situ stresses[C]∥Rock mechanics in Productivity and Protection.New York:AIME,1984:167-175.
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[8]宋丽莉,葛洪魁,梁天成,等.小应力扰动下岩石弹性波速变化的波形检测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(4):60-65.
[9]梁天成,葛洪魁,郭志伟,等.利用声发射和波速变化判定岩石损伤状态[J].中国地震,2012,28(2):154-166.
[10]巩思园,窦林名,何江,等.深部冲击倾向煤岩循环加卸载的纵波波速与应力关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):41-47.
[11]Hezhu Yin,Amos Nur.Stress-induced ultrasonic velocity and attenuation anisotropy of rocks[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1992,11(1):1 073-1 076.
[12]Hanna Kim,Jung-Woo Cho,Insun Song.Anisotropy of elastic moduli,P-wave velocities,and thermal conductivities of Asan Gneiss,Boryeong Shale,and Yeoncheon Schist in Korea[J].Engineering Geology,2012,147:68-77.
[2]李业学,谢向东,秦丽.基于分形损失理论的粗糙节理岩体中应力波波速研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(2):169-174.
[3]Sharma P.Geophysical methods in geology[M].New York:Elsevier,1986.
[4]Toks Z M,Cheng A C,Timur A.Velocities of seismic waves in porous rocks[J].Geophysics,1976,41(4):621-635.
[5]Mao N,Sweeney J,Hanson J,et al.Using a sonic technique to estimate in situ stresses[C]∥Rock mechanics in Productivity and Protection.New York:AIME,1984:167-175.
[6]Su W H,Peng S S,Okubo S,et al.Development of ultrasonic methods for measuring in-situ stresses at great dept[J].Min Sci&Tech,1983(1):21-42.
[7]施行觉,赵闯,杨映希,等.岩石临破裂前波速变化特征的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(10):3 386-3 392.
[8]宋丽莉,葛洪魁,梁天成,等.小应力扰动下岩石弹性波速变化的波形检测[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(4):60-65.
[9]梁天成,葛洪魁,郭志伟,等.利用声发射和波速变化判定岩石损伤状态[J].中国地震,2012,28(2):154-166.
[10]巩思园,窦林名,何江,等.深部冲击倾向煤岩循环加卸载的纵波波速与应力关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):41-47.
[11]Hezhu Yin,Amos Nur.Stress-induced ultrasonic velocity and attenuation anisotropy of rocks[J].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1992,11(1):1 073-1 076.
[12]Hanna Kim,Jung-Woo Cho,Insun Song.Anisotropy of elastic moduli,P-wave velocities,and thermal conductivities of Asan Gneiss,Boryeong Shale,and Yeoncheon Schist in Korea[J].Engineering Geology,2012,147:68-77.
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