深埋隧洞即时型岩爆孕育过程的频谱演化特征
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摘要
岩爆孕育过程中所记录的微震事件波形本身就包含着丰富的前兆信息。基于深埋隧洞微震波的衰减特征,修正了最大有效振幅,将相对有效振幅和最大有效频率作为频谱分析参数。TBM和钻爆法不同开挖方式下诱发的即时型岩爆孕育过程的频谱演化特征基本一致,有如下特征:(1)无岩爆发生时,每日最大释放能量微震事件频谱对应的相对有效振幅的量级为10-6m/s及以下,而最大有效频率则多大于300 Hz;(2)中等岩爆发生前,相对有效振幅的量级维持在10-5m/s,最大有效频率则介于200~300 Hz;(3)强烈岩爆发生前,微震事件对应相对有效振幅的量级增长并保持在10-4m/s,最大有效频率则基本在200 Hz以下;(4)对于一个完整的即时型岩爆孕育过程,当岩爆发生时,相对有效振幅增至最大,同时最大有效频率降至最低。微震信号的频谱演化特征可为即时型岩爆发生时间及等级的预警提供参考和依据。
The waveforms of microseismic events recorded during rockburst contain abundant precursor information of the rockburst.Based on the attenuation characteristics of microseimic wave in the deep tunnel, the maximum effective amplitude is modified, and the relative effective amplitude and maximum effective frequency are used as analysis parameters of frequency spectrum. Case studies reveal that the evolution characteristics of frequency spectrum during instant rockburst induced by the tunnel boring machine(TBM) and the drilling and blasting(D&B) are similar. As there no rockburst occurs, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude corresponding to the largest radiated microseismic energy for daily event is often at a level of 10-6m/s or even less; and most of the maximum effective frequencies are greater than 300 Hz. Before the medium intensity rockburst happens, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude maintains at a level of 10-5m/s, and the maximum effective frequencies are between 200 Hz and 300 Hz.(3)Before the intense rockbust occurs, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude increases and reaches 10-4 m/s; and the maximum effective frequencies are almost below 200 Hz. For a whole process rockburst, the relative effective amplitude reach its maximum value and the maximum effective frequency become minimum on the occurrence of rockburst. The evolution of frequency spectrum of microseismic signals can provide reference for early warning the occurrence time and degree of instant rockburst.
The waveforms of microseismic events recorded during rockburst contain abundant precursor information of the rockburst.Based on the attenuation characteristics of microseimic wave in the deep tunnel, the maximum effective amplitude is modified, and the relative effective amplitude and maximum effective frequency are used as analysis parameters of frequency spectrum. Case studies reveal that the evolution characteristics of frequency spectrum during instant rockburst induced by the tunnel boring machine(TBM) and the drilling and blasting(D&B) are similar. As there no rockburst occurs, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude corresponding to the largest radiated microseismic energy for daily event is often at a level of 10-6m/s or even less; and most of the maximum effective frequencies are greater than 300 Hz. Before the medium intensity rockburst happens, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude maintains at a level of 10-5m/s, and the maximum effective frequencies are between 200 Hz and 300 Hz.(3)Before the intense rockbust occurs, the magnitude of relative effective amplitude increases and reaches 10-4 m/s; and the maximum effective frequencies are almost below 200 Hz. For a whole process rockburst, the relative effective amplitude reach its maximum value and the maximum effective frequency become minimum on the occurrence of rockburst. The evolution of frequency spectrum of microseismic signals can provide reference for early warning the occurrence time and degree of instant rockburst.
引文
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[13]陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,等.顶板岩层破断诱发矿震的频谱特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1017-1022.LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,GUO Xiao-qiang,et al.Frequency-spectrum characters of microseismic signals induced by roof stratum fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1017-1022.
[14]XIAO Y X,FENG X T,YU Y.Frequency fractal feature of microseismic events in the process of immediate rockburst in deep tunnel[C]//FENG XIATING.The 3rd ISRM Symposium on Rock Mechanics.London:Taylor&Francis Group,2013:777-780.
[15]肖亚勋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞.深埋隧洞极强岩爆段隧道掘进机半导洞掘进岩爆风险研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3111-3119.XIAO Ya-xun,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Rockburst risk of tunnel boring machine part-pilot excavation in very strong rockburst section of deep hard tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3111-3119.
[16]LU C P,DOU L M,WU X R,et al.Case study of blast-induced shock wave propagation in coal and rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2010,47:1046-1054.
[17]许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,等.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):712-719.XU ZHAO-Rong,WANG Bin,HU Yi-Li,et al.A discussion on the influence of the difference between the rock fracture and failure to the earthquake simulation and the precursor studies[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):712-719.
[18]ZHANG L F,IMAN F,LIAO W L,et al.Source rupture process inversion of the 2013 Lushan earthquake,China[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2013,4(2):16-21.
[2]XIE H,PARISEAU W G.Fractal Character and Mechanism of Rock Bursts[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(4):343-350.
[3]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C,LONG J M,et al.Space-time correlations of b-values with stress release[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1992,139(3):449-462.
[4]李元辉,刘建坡,赵兴东,等.岩石破裂过程中的声发射b值及分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(9):2559-2564.LI Yuan-hui,LIU Jian-po,ZHAO Xing-dong,et al.Study on b-value and fractal dimension of acoustic emission during rock failure process[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(9):2559-2564.
[5]TANG L Z,XIA K W.Seismological method for prediction of areal rockbursts in deep mine with seismic source mechanism and unstable failure theory[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2010,(17):947-953.
[6]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,张传庆,等.岩爆孕育过程的机制、预警与动态调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[7]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,MING Hua-Jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels:immediate rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):432-443.
[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,曾雄辉,等.深埋隧洞TBM掘进微震实时监测与特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(2):275-283.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,ZENG Xiong-hui,et al.Real-time microseismic monitoring and its characteristic analysis during TBM tunneling in deep-buried tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(2):275-283.
[9]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,MING Hua-Jun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deeptunnels:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.
[10]于洋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞不同开挖方式下即时型岩爆微震信息特征及能量分形研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2622-2628.YU Yang,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Analysis of energy fractal and microseismic information characteristics about immediate rockbursts in deep tunnels with different excavation methods[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2622-2628.
[11]FRID V,VOZOFF K.Electromagnetic radiation induced by mining rock failure[J].International Journal of Coal and Geology,2005,64(1-2):57-65.
[12]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519-525.LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequencyspectrum evolvement rule of rockburst precursory microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519-525.
[13]陆菜平,窦林名,郭晓强,等.顶板岩层破断诱发矿震的频谱特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):1017-1022.LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,GUO Xiao-qiang,et al.Frequency-spectrum characters of microseismic signals induced by roof stratum fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):1017-1022.
[14]XIAO Y X,FENG X T,YU Y.Frequency fractal feature of microseismic events in the process of immediate rockburst in deep tunnel[C]//FENG XIATING.The 3rd ISRM Symposium on Rock Mechanics.London:Taylor&Francis Group,2013:777-780.
[15]肖亚勋,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞.深埋隧洞极强岩爆段隧道掘进机半导洞掘进岩爆风险研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3111-3119.XIAO Ya-xun,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Rockburst risk of tunnel boring machine part-pilot excavation in very strong rockburst section of deep hard tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3111-3119.
[16]LU C P,DOU L M,WU X R,et al.Case study of blast-induced shock wave propagation in coal and rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2010,47:1046-1054.
[17]许昭永,王彬,胡毅力,等.试论岩石破裂和破坏的差异对地震模拟及前兆研究的影响[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):712-719.XU ZHAO-Rong,WANG Bin,HU Yi-Li,et al.A discussion on the influence of the difference between the rock fracture and failure to the earthquake simulation and the precursor studies[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):712-719.
[18]ZHANG L F,IMAN F,LIAO W L,et al.Source rupture process inversion of the 2013 Lushan earthquake,China[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2013,4(2):16-21.
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