红砂岩剪切蠕变特性试验研究与边坡失稳机理分析
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摘要
以标准红砂岩试样为研究对象,运用自行研制开发的软弱煤岩材料剪切蠕变实验装置结合自行开发的煤岩细观力学特性测控软件,对处于不同载荷水平作用下的红砂岩试样剪切蠕变力学特性进行了系统的研究,并基于试验结果尝试解释了一些边坡失稳发生时的现象。结果表明:载荷大小对红砂岩剪切蠕变力学特性具有明显的影响,直接决定着加速剪切蠕变阶段的有无、试样的破坏与否和试验时间对其剪切蠕变力学特性的影响程度;存在2个特殊的临界剪切蠕变载荷值τ1、τ2,它们将红砂岩剪切蠕变类型分为3种,即肯定不破坏、不一定破坏和肯定破坏;红砂岩试样破裂带的形成过程表现为渐进式,破坏过程表现为渐进式与突发式结合,破裂面附近区域为裂纹结构丰富区且该面为非平直剪切面;不同载荷水平作用下岩石剪切蠕变力学特性可以用来解释边坡失稳发育过程中的现象,认为边坡内潜在滑移带内岩石发生的剪切蠕变破坏是边坡发生失稳的力学机理。
Taking the standard red sandstone samples as research objects,both the self-designed shear creep experimental device of coal or weak rock and the monitor software of coal or rock micromechanics properties were used to make the systematic studies on shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load levels. The phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence are trial to be revealed based on the conclusions from experiments. The results show: load levels have a significant effect on the shear creep mechanical properties of red sandstone,which will mainly determine the presence of accelerated shear creep stage or not,the destruction of the sample or not and the affect extent of creep test time on mechanical properties. There are two special shear creep stress,τ1、τ2,which divides the shear creep of sandstone into three types,certainly not fracture,uncertainly fracture and certainly fracture. The formation process of damage area of red sandstone was showed as a progressive type,and the damage process was showed as a progressive type combined with burst type. There is crack-rich area near the fracture surface,and the fracture surface is not flat shear plane in structure. Shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load may be used to reveal the phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence. It is considered that rock shear creep of potential slip area in slope is the physical mechanism of slope instability.
Taking the standard red sandstone samples as research objects,both the self-designed shear creep experimental device of coal or weak rock and the monitor software of coal or rock micromechanics properties were used to make the systematic studies on shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load levels. The phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence are trial to be revealed based on the conclusions from experiments. The results show: load levels have a significant effect on the shear creep mechanical properties of red sandstone,which will mainly determine the presence of accelerated shear creep stage or not,the destruction of the sample or not and the affect extent of creep test time on mechanical properties. There are two special shear creep stress,τ1、τ2,which divides the shear creep of sandstone into three types,certainly not fracture,uncertainly fracture and certainly fracture. The formation process of damage area of red sandstone was showed as a progressive type,and the damage process was showed as a progressive type combined with burst type. There is crack-rich area near the fracture surface,and the fracture surface is not flat shear plane in structure. Shear creep properties of red sandstone under different load may be used to reveal the phenomena and mechanisms of slope stability occurrence. It is considered that rock shear creep of potential slip area in slope is the physical mechanism of slope instability.
引文
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[10]张清照,沈明荣,丁文其.结构面的剪切蠕变特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(4):564-569.Zhang Qingzhao,Shen Mingrong,Ding Wenqi.Laboratory test for shear creep characteristic of rock mass discontinuity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(4):564-569.
[11]赵洪宝,尹光志,张卫中.围压作用下型煤蠕变特性及本构关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2305-2308.Zhao Hongbao,Yin Guangzhi,Zhang Weizhong.Study of creep characteristics and constitutive relation of briquette under confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(8):2305-2308.
[2]Pellet F L,Keshavarz M,Boulon M.Influence of humidity conditions on shear strength of clay rock discontinuities[J].Engineering Geology,2013,157(2):33-38.
[3]Goren L,Aharonov E.On the stability of landslides:a thermo-poro-elastic approach[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,277(3):365-372.
[4]赵洪宝,潘卫东.开挖对岩质边坡稳定性影响的数值模拟[J].金属矿山,2011(7):32-35.Zhao Hongbao,Pan Weidong.Numerical simulation of the impact of excavation on stability of rock slope[J].Metal Mine,2011(7):32-35.
[5]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1525-1544.Huang Runqiu.Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1525-1544.
[6]戴自航,卢才金.边坡失稳机理的力学解释[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(10):1191-1197.Dai Zihang,Lu Caijin.Mechanical explanations on mechanism of slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(10):1191-1197.
[7]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[8]余飞,陈善雄,余和平.顺层岩质边坡渐进破坏及失稳机理的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(S):36-40.Yu Fei,Chen Shanxiong,Yu Heping.Numerical simulation study on progressive destruction and failure mechanism of bedding rock slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(S):36-40.
[9]程强,周德培,封志军.典型红层软岩软弱夹层剪切蠕变性质研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S1):3176-3180.Cheng Qiang,Zhou Depei,Feng Zhijun.Research on shear creep property of typical weak intercalation in redbed soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):3176-3180.
[10]张清照,沈明荣,丁文其.结构面的剪切蠕变特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(4):564-569.Zhang Qingzhao,Shen Mingrong,Ding Wenqi.Laboratory test for shear creep characteristic of rock mass discontinuity[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(4):564-569.
[11]赵洪宝,尹光志,张卫中.围压作用下型煤蠕变特性及本构关系研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2305-2308.Zhao Hongbao,Yin Guangzhi,Zhang Weizhong.Study of creep characteristics and constitutive relation of briquette under confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(8):2305-2308.
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