煤岩三轴压缩损伤破坏声发射特征
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摘要
在对MTS815岩石伺服试验系统通讯传输接口进行改造的基础上,实现了将检波器置于三轴室内的三轴压缩声发射试验,克服了检波器置于三轴室外壁无法监测到全面可靠声发射信号的弊端.煤岩三轴压缩声发射试验结果表明,与单轴压缩相比,围压增强了煤岩的整体性及刚度,使压密阶段声发射活动明显减弱.声发射振铃计数及能量出现最大值的时间均稍滞后于煤岩宏观破坏时刻,说明围压不但提高了其峰值强度,而且由于围压使煤岩内部裂隙的错动滑移受到抑制,提高了其峰后承载能力.振幅反映声发射的强度,三轴压缩条件下,轴向加载初期声发射振幅较小,宏观破裂前后出现大量高振幅声发射事件,残余塑性阶段仍然有较多振幅较大的声发射事件产生.声发射撞击计数率表征裂纹扩展的次数及速率,三轴压缩声发射撞击计数试验结果表明,弹塑性阶段是煤岩裂隙萌生扩展的主要阶段.岩石三轴压缩破坏声发射特征对于深刻理解矿山井下岩体破坏机理及采用微震监测技术预防相关动力灾害事故具有重要的理论及实际指导意义.
Acoustic emission( AE) tests of coal specimens under triaxial compression condition were carried out with AE detector inside the triaxial chamber based on remodelling communication interface of MTS815 rock mechanical test system,overcoming the disadvantages of being unable to monitor the comprehensive and reliable AE signals as the AE detector installed outside the triaxial chamber wall of the rock mechanical test system. Compared with uniaxial compression test,the results of AE tests of coal specimens under triaxial compression show that the integrity and stiffness of the specimens are raised by the confining pressure and the AE activities decrease significantly in the stage of compaction. The time of the AE counts and the AE energy reaching their highest values relatively lags behind the moment of the macroscopic failure of the specimens,which draws the conclusion that the confining pressure can improve not only the specimens' peak strength but also their bearing capacity after peak stress,because the dislocating and slipping of the internal fractures are restricted by the confining pressure.Amplitude reflects the strength of AE,under triaxial compression condition,the AE amplitudes are relatively low at the initial stage of axial loading,and a large number of AE events with very high amplitudes appear around the moment of the macroscopic failure of the specimens,but there are still a lot of AE events occuring with relatively high amplitudes in the residual plastic deformation stage. The number of AE impact count rates reflects the unmber and rate of the crack propagation,test results of AE impact counts under triaxial compression show that the elastic-plastic stage is the major stage of the inside fractures' producing and developing of coal specimens. The results of AE characteristic of rock damage failure under triaxial compression are of important theoretical and practical guiding significance for deeply understanding the failure mechanism of rock mass,and preventing the related dynamic disasters underground mines by micro seismic monitoring technology.
Acoustic emission( AE) tests of coal specimens under triaxial compression condition were carried out with AE detector inside the triaxial chamber based on remodelling communication interface of MTS815 rock mechanical test system,overcoming the disadvantages of being unable to monitor the comprehensive and reliable AE signals as the AE detector installed outside the triaxial chamber wall of the rock mechanical test system. Compared with uniaxial compression test,the results of AE tests of coal specimens under triaxial compression show that the integrity and stiffness of the specimens are raised by the confining pressure and the AE activities decrease significantly in the stage of compaction. The time of the AE counts and the AE energy reaching their highest values relatively lags behind the moment of the macroscopic failure of the specimens,which draws the conclusion that the confining pressure can improve not only the specimens' peak strength but also their bearing capacity after peak stress,because the dislocating and slipping of the internal fractures are restricted by the confining pressure.Amplitude reflects the strength of AE,under triaxial compression condition,the AE amplitudes are relatively low at the initial stage of axial loading,and a large number of AE events with very high amplitudes appear around the moment of the macroscopic failure of the specimens,but there are still a lot of AE events occuring with relatively high amplitudes in the residual plastic deformation stage. The number of AE impact count rates reflects the unmber and rate of the crack propagation,test results of AE impact counts under triaxial compression show that the elastic-plastic stage is the major stage of the inside fractures' producing and developing of coal specimens. The results of AE characteristic of rock damage failure under triaxial compression are of important theoretical and practical guiding significance for deeply understanding the failure mechanism of rock mass,and preventing the related dynamic disasters underground mines by micro seismic monitoring technology.
引文
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[12]杜世通.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996:6-12Du Shitong.Seismic wave dynamic[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,1996:6-12
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[14]陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破坏过程声发射特征参数的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(S1):452-455Tao Jinan,Zhang Keli,Zheng Jinfeng.Research of parameter of acoustic emission under rock failure[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(S1):452-455
[15]杨永杰,王德超,王凯,等.煤岩强度和变形特征的微细观损伤机理[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(6):653-557Yang Yongjie,Wang Dechao Wang Kai,et al.Micro and meso-damage mechanism study of coal's strength and deformation characteristics[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(6):653-657
[16]王恩元,何学秋,刘贞堂,等.煤体破裂声发射的频谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):289-292Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,Liu Zhentang,et al.Study on frequency spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission in coal or rock deformation and fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(3):289-292
[17]李玉寿,杨永杰,杨圣奇,等.三轴及孔隙水作用下煤的变形及声发射特征[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(6):658-663Li Yushou,Yang Yongjie,Yang Shengqi,et al.Deformation and acoustic emission behaviors of coal under triaxial compression and pore water pressure[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(6):658-663
[18]王德超.岩石三轴压缩破裂失稳的声发射突变特征及预测研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011:37-41Wang Dechao.Study on acoustic emission mutation characteristics and prediction of rock unstable failure under triaxial compression[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011:37-41
[19]唐书恒,颜志丰,朱宝存,等.饱和含水煤岩单轴压缩条件下的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2010,34(9):37-41Tang Shuheng,Yan Zhifeng,Zhu Baocun,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of water-saturated coals in uniaxial compression experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,34(9):37-41
[2]秦四清,李造鼎,张倬元,等.岩石声发射技术概论[M].西南交通大学出版社,1993:57-78Qin Siqing,Li Zaoding,Zhang Zhuoyuan,et al.An introduction to the rock acoustic emission technique[M].Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1993:57-78
[3]许江,李树春,唐晓军,等.基于声发射的岩石疲劳损伤演化[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(1):19-24Xu Jiang,Li Shuchun,Tang Xiaojun,et al.Rock fatigue damage evolution based on acoustic emission[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009,31(1):19-24
[4]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588
[5]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503Li Shulin,Yin Xiangang,Wang Yongjia,et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503
[6]于德海,彭建兵,崔春义,等.片状岩石全应力应变压缩过程及力学机制试验研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2010,(5):792-800Yu Dehai,Peng Jianbing,Cui Chunyi,et al.Complete stress-strain process and mechanical mechanism of lamellar rock under compression condition[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,(5):792-800
[7]Shkuratnik V L,Filimono V L,Kuchurin S V.Regularities of acoustic emission in coal samples under triaxial compression[J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(1):44-52
[8]杨键,王连俊.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3796-3802Yang Jian,Wang Lianjun.Study on mechanism of rock burst by acoustic emission testing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):3796-3802
[9]曹树刚,刘延保,李勇,等.不同围压下煤岩声发射特征试验[J].重庆大学学报,2009,32(11):1321-1327Cao Shugang,Liu Yanbao,Li Yong,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of coal rock at different confining pressure[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2009,32(11):1321-1327
[10]陈景涛.岩石变形特征和声发射特征的三轴试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(2):94-96Chen Jingtao.Experimental study on triaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of rock[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2008,30(2):94-96
[11]苏承东,高保彬,南华,等.不同应力路径下煤岩变形破坏过程声发射特征的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):757-766Su Chengdong,Gao Baobin,Nan Hua,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics during deformation and failure processes of coal samples under different stress paths[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(4):757-766
[12]杜世通.地震波动力学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1996:6-12Du Shitong.Seismic wave dynamic[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,1996:6-12
[13]杨永杰,王德超,赵南南,等.煤岩蠕变声发射特征试验研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(1):452-455Yang Yongjie,Wang Dechao,Zhao Nannan,et al.Acousitic emission characteristics of coal creep under step load[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2012,21(1):159-166
[14]陶纪南,张克利,郑晋峰.岩石破坏过程声发射特征参数的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(S1):452-455Tao Jinan,Zhang Keli,Zheng Jinfeng.Research of parameter of acoustic emission under rock failure[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(S1):452-455
[15]杨永杰,王德超,王凯,等.煤岩强度和变形特征的微细观损伤机理[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(6):653-557Yang Yongjie,Wang Dechao Wang Kai,et al.Micro and meso-damage mechanism study of coal's strength and deformation characteristics[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(6):653-657
[16]王恩元,何学秋,刘贞堂,等.煤体破裂声发射的频谱特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(3):289-292Wang Enyuan,He Xueqiu,Liu Zhentang,et al.Study on frequency spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission in coal or rock deformation and fracture[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(3):289-292
[17]李玉寿,杨永杰,杨圣奇,等.三轴及孔隙水作用下煤的变形及声发射特征[J].北京科技大学学报,2011,33(6):658-663Li Yushou,Yang Yongjie,Yang Shengqi,et al.Deformation and acoustic emission behaviors of coal under triaxial compression and pore water pressure[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2011,33(6):658-663
[18]王德超.岩石三轴压缩破裂失稳的声发射突变特征及预测研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011:37-41Wang Dechao.Study on acoustic emission mutation characteristics and prediction of rock unstable failure under triaxial compression[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011:37-41
[19]唐书恒,颜志丰,朱宝存,等.饱和含水煤岩单轴压缩条件下的声发射特征[J].煤炭学报,2010,34(9):37-41Tang Shuheng,Yan Zhifeng,Zhu Baocun,et al.Acoustic emission characteristics of water-saturated coals in uniaxial compression experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,34(9):37-41
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