建筑群外埋地燃气管道泄漏的风险性评估
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摘要
针对建筑群外埋地燃气管道穿孔泄漏问题,利用Gambit2.4建立三维仿真模型,并运用CFD软件Fluent14.0分别对不同环境温度、湿度条件下,燃气在土壤和大气中的连续泄漏扩散工况进行了数值模拟。对比分析了环境温度、相对湿度耦合作用下对燃气扩散的影响及浓度分布规律。研究结果表明,从泄漏口喷出的燃气首先在土壤层中迅速扩散,致使上方地表附近的浓度值很快达到了爆炸下限和上限。透过地表的燃气遇到两侧建筑物时,在迎风侧和背风侧方向分别形成不同的浓度扩散区域。受不同湿度和温度的影响,部分建筑物表面的预警浓度所处高度发生了明显的变化。案例研究结果可评估燃气泄漏事故的范围大小和指导人员及时有效地疏散。
In view of the problem of buried gas pipeline piercing leakage outside the buildings,a three-dimensional simulation model was established with Gambit2.4.The continuous leak diffusion circumstance of gas in soil and atmosphere were carried out through numerical modeling by CFD software Fluent 14.0under different ambient temperature and humidity.The influence factor of gas diffusion and the distribution regularity of concentration were comparatively analyzed under the coupling effect of ambient temperature and relative humidity.The research result showed that the gas ejecting from the leakage mouth first spread rapidly in the soil layer,resulting in the concentration of the upper surface quickly reaching the lower explosive limit and upper explosive limit.As the gas permeating through the earth surface,it influenced both sides of the building.Different concentration diffusion regions also formed on the windward side and the leeward side direction.Affected by different humidity and temperature,for some buildings,the warning concentration on the height of surface changed obviously.The case study results could assess the scope of the gas leak accident and effectively evacuate the masses in time.
In view of the problem of buried gas pipeline piercing leakage outside the buildings,a three-dimensional simulation model was established with Gambit2.4.The continuous leak diffusion circumstance of gas in soil and atmosphere were carried out through numerical modeling by CFD software Fluent 14.0under different ambient temperature and humidity.The influence factor of gas diffusion and the distribution regularity of concentration were comparatively analyzed under the coupling effect of ambient temperature and relative humidity.The research result showed that the gas ejecting from the leakage mouth first spread rapidly in the soil layer,resulting in the concentration of the upper surface quickly reaching the lower explosive limit and upper explosive limit.As the gas permeating through the earth surface,it influenced both sides of the building.Different concentration diffusion regions also formed on the windward side and the leeward side direction.Affected by different humidity and temperature,for some buildings,the warning concentration on the height of surface changed obviously.The case study results could assess the scope of the gas leak accident and effectively evacuate the masses in time.
引文
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[2]BRITO A J,ALMEIDA A D.Multi-attribute risk assessment for risk ranking of natural gas pipelines[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2009,94(2):187-198.
[3]张甫仁,杨佳玲,阚正武,等.建筑群外空间城市燃气泄漏扩散浓度场模拟[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):114-119.
[4]肖淑衡,梁栋.厂区天然气泄漏扩散的数值模拟研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2007,6(2):68-71.
[5]雷达,张建文,冯文兴.含硫化氢天然气泄漏事故的硫化氢中毒灾害分析[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):224-228.
[6]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9.
[7]YOUNG D J,BUM J A.A method of quantitative risk assessment for transmission pipeline carrying natural gas[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005(A123):1-12.
[8]杨昭,赖建波,韩金丽,等.天然气管道孔口泄漏危险域的研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(11):156-159.
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50386-2005中华人民共和国国家标准住宅建筑规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005-11-30.
[10]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50028-2006城市燃气设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006-11-01.
[11]程猛猛,吴明,赵玲,等.城市埋地天然气管道泄漏扩散数值模拟[J].石油与天然气化工,2014,43(1),94-98.
[12]RAE M,LEE J H.Acoustic emission technique for pipeline leak detection[J].Key Engineering Materials,2000,186(4):555-892.
[13]王志春,宋丽莉,何秋生,等.风速随高度变化的曲线拟合[J].广东气象,2007,29(1):13-15.
[14]马贵阳,杜明俊,付晓东,等.管道冬季泄漏土壤热波动及原油渗流数值计算[J].西南石油大学学报,2010,32(6):169-174.
[15]冯庆善,陈健峰,艾慕阳,等.管道完整性管理在应对地震灾害中的应用[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):139-143.
[16]许秀梅.多因素耦合作用下室内燃气泄漏扩散浓度场模拟研究[D].重庆交通大学,2012:45-49.
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