带有导向孔的浅孔爆破在留巷切顶卸压中的应用研究
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摘要
厚层坚硬顶板切顶卸压是优化沿空留巷围岩应力和结构有效途径之一,将导向孔应用到切顶卸压中是新的尝试。基于浅孔爆破沿空留巷切顶卸压机制,利用LS-DYNA数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法,分析了导向孔作用机理,探究了参数选取对爆破效果的影响。研究结果表明:导向孔增加了自由面,对炮孔连线方向上的切向应力影响明显,提高了炮孔间裂隙贯通率和炸药能量利用率;装药孔不耦合系数取1.31时可充分发挥导向孔应力集中效应;最大切向拉应力与导向孔直径呈正变关系,但对远离导向孔的位置影响微小。根据岩石的动态抗拉强度,确定装药孔间距1.2 m。
Roof cutting pressure relief is one of effective ways for optimizing the surrounding rock stress and structure in thick layer of hard roof, and the application of guide hole to roof cutting pressure relief is a new attempt. Based on the mechanism of short-hole blasting for roof cutting pressure relief in gob-side entry retaining, using the combination of LS-DYNA numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, mechanism of guide hole has been analyzed, and the effect of the selection of parameters on the blasting of rock mass has been explored. The results show that free surface of blast hole increases in the guide hole, which affects obviously to the tangential stress, and increases the fracture penetration rate and utilization rate of explosive energy; The guide will give full play to the role as stress concentration when charging hole non-coupling coefficient is 1.31;There is a positively change relationship between maximum tangential tensile stress and guide hole diameter,but it has little effects on the position away from the guide hole. According to the dynamic tensile strength of the rock, the charging holespacing is determined as 1.2 m.
Roof cutting pressure relief is one of effective ways for optimizing the surrounding rock stress and structure in thick layer of hard roof, and the application of guide hole to roof cutting pressure relief is a new attempt. Based on the mechanism of short-hole blasting for roof cutting pressure relief in gob-side entry retaining, using the combination of LS-DYNA numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, mechanism of guide hole has been analyzed, and the effect of the selection of parameters on the blasting of rock mass has been explored. The results show that free surface of blast hole increases in the guide hole, which affects obviously to the tangential stress, and increases the fracture penetration rate and utilization rate of explosive energy; The guide will give full play to the role as stress concentration when charging hole non-coupling coefficient is 1.31;There is a positively change relationship between maximum tangential tensile stress and guide hole diameter,but it has little effects on the position away from the guide hole. According to the dynamic tensile strength of the rock, the charging holespacing is determined as 1.2 m.
引文
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[15]杨军,金乾坤,黄风雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:2-14.
[16]郭建伟,赵家巍.沿空留巷下位顶板破断规律与控制机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):802-807.GUO Jianwei,ZHAO Jiawei.Study on breaking law and control mechanism of lower roof in gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engining,2012,29(6):802-807.
[17]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.XIE Wenbing,YIN Shaoju,SHI Zhenfan.The key problem study about gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
[18]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:186-190.
[2]华心祝.我国沿空留巷支护技术发展现状及改进建议[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(12):78-81.HUA Xinzhu.Development status and improved proposals on gob-side entry retaining support technology in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(12):78-81.
[3]柏建彪,周华强,侯朝炯,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护技术的发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):183-186.BAI Jianbiao,ZHOU Huaqiang,HOU Chaojiong,et al.Development of support technology beside roadway in goaf-side entry retaining for next sublevel[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):183-186.
[4]张东升,缪协兴,茅献彪.综放沿空留巷顶板活动规律的模拟分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(3):261-264.ZHANG Dongsheng,MIAO Xiexing,MAO Xianbiao.Simulation on roof activities of gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized top-coal caving face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2001,30(3):261-264.
[5]陈勇,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.沿空留巷巷内支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):903-910.CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Support technology research and application inside roadway of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):903-910.
[6]陈勇,柏建彪,朱涛垒,等.沿空留巷巷旁支护体作用机制及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(5):1427-1432.CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,ZHU Taolei,et al.Mechanisms of roadside support in gob-side entry retaining and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(5):1427-1432.
[7]谢文兵,笪建原,冯光明.综放沿空留巷围岩控制机理[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2004,35(4):657-661.XIE Wenbing,DA Jianyuan,FENG Guangming.Mechanism of controlling surrounding rock around gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology Edition,2004,35(4):657-661.
[8]岳中文,杨仁树,郭东明,等.爆炸作用下空孔周围应力场变化的模型实验[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(5):624-628.YUE Zhongwen,YANG Renshu,GUO Dongming,et al.Model experimental of stress field around empty hole under blasting loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(5):624-628.
[9]林大能.平巷掏槽爆破空孔尺寸效应及围岩频繁震动损伤累计特性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[10]魏炯,朱万成,魏晨慧,等.导向孔对两爆破孔间成缝过程影响的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2013,30(5):335-339.WEI Jiong,ZHU Wancheng,WEI Chenhui,et al.Numerical simulation on contribution of guide-hole to crack coalescence of two boreholes[J].Engineering Mechanics,2013,30(5):335-339.
[11]李志龙,徐全军,惠峰,等.空孔对爆破地震波减震作用的数值模拟分析[J].爆破,2012,29(4):58-61.LI Zhilong,XU Quanjun,HUI Feng,et al.Numerical simulation on effect of empty hole on damping of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2012,29(4):58-61.
[12]钮强.岩石爆破机理[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1990:4-8.
[13]杨小林,王梦恕,王树仁.爆破对岩体基本质量的影响及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):461-464.YANG Xiaolin,WANG Mengshu,WANG Shuren.Blasting effects on basic quality of rock mass and its experimental investigations[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):461-464.
[14]杨军,熊代余.岩石爆破机理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004:40-45.
[15]杨军,金乾坤,黄风雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:2-14.
[16]郭建伟,赵家巍.沿空留巷下位顶板破断规律与控制机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):802-807.GUO Jianwei,ZHAO Jiawei.Study on breaking law and control mechanism of lower roof in gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engining,2012,29(6):802-807.
[17]谢文兵,殷少举,史振凡.综放沿空留巷几个关键问题的研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):146-149.XIE Wenbing,YIN Shaoju,SHI Zhenfan.The key problem study about gob-side entry retaining in top-coal caving mining face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(2):146-149.
[18]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:186-190.
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