格尔木地震台初至波到时残差分析
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摘要
通过对2001年1月至2013年12月格尔木地震台的1 608个国内外中强地震初至波到时残差(简称残差)计算,得出平均残差为2.310 6 s,比理论到时平均慢2.310 6 s。用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析方法检验残差与经度、纬度、方位角、震中距、深度等参数的显著性,总结得出残差主要随方位角、震中距、纬度显著变化:(1)方位在90°<θ<180°,震中距在0.9°≤Δ<10°;方位在180°<θ<270°,震中距在2°≤Δ<20°,残差影响较大,在青藏高原地壳和地幔内存在低速异常区,受地壳厚度和低速异常区的影响,造成波速变慢残差增大;(2)方位在0°<θ<90°和270°<θ<360°范围内,震中距同时在30°≤Δ<105°,在上、下地幔的交汇处存在低速区或低速带,受此影响,东北和西北方向的地震初至波速变慢;(3)残差在北半球随纬度增大而增大,在南半球随纬度变化不明显。
By calculating the arrival time residual( residual for short) of the first arrival wave of 1 608 earthquakes occurred at home and abroad at Golmud Seismic Station from Jan.,2001 to Dec.,2013,we obtained that the average residual error was 2.3106 s,which was slower than the theory residual error of 2.3106 s.Significant regression analysis between residual and longitude,latitude,azimuth,distance,focal depth and other parameters was also tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis method,and the conclusion of residual mainly changed with the azimuth,distance,latitude was showed that:( 1) The azimuth and epicenter distance is in the range of 90° < θ < 180° and 0.9° < Δ < 10°,or 180° < θ < 270° and 2° < Δ < 20°,which has great influence on the residual.There exited the lowvelocity anomaly area in the crust and the upper mantle in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Influenced by the crustal thickness and lowvelocity anomaly zone,the wave velocity turned to slower and the residual turned to bigger.( 2) The azimuth is in the range of 0° < θ <90°,270° < θ < 360°,and the epicenter distance is in the range of 30° < Δ < 105°,there existed the lowvelocity zone or lowvelocity zone in the interchange of upper and lower mantle,which leaded to the seismic velocity of the first arrival wave turned to slower in the direction of northeast and northwest.( 3) In the northern hemisphere,the residuals changed with the latitude obviously,and increased with the increasing of latitude.However,the latitude didn' t change with the latitude obviously in the southern hemisphere.
By calculating the arrival time residual( residual for short) of the first arrival wave of 1 608 earthquakes occurred at home and abroad at Golmud Seismic Station from Jan.,2001 to Dec.,2013,we obtained that the average residual error was 2.3106 s,which was slower than the theory residual error of 2.3106 s.Significant regression analysis between residual and longitude,latitude,azimuth,distance,focal depth and other parameters was also tested by using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis method,and the conclusion of residual mainly changed with the azimuth,distance,latitude was showed that:( 1) The azimuth and epicenter distance is in the range of 90° < θ < 180° and 0.9° < Δ < 10°,or 180° < θ < 270° and 2° < Δ < 20°,which has great influence on the residual.There exited the lowvelocity anomaly area in the crust and the upper mantle in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Influenced by the crustal thickness and lowvelocity anomaly zone,the wave velocity turned to slower and the residual turned to bigger.( 2) The azimuth is in the range of 0° < θ <90°,270° < θ < 360°,and the epicenter distance is in the range of 30° < Δ < 105°,there existed the lowvelocity zone or lowvelocity zone in the interchange of upper and lower mantle,which leaded to the seismic velocity of the first arrival wave turned to slower in the direction of northeast and northwest.( 3) In the northern hemisphere,the residuals changed with the latitude obviously,and increased with the increasing of latitude.However,the latitude didn' t change with the latitude obviously in the southern hemisphere.
引文
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吴功建,肖序常,李廷栋.1989.揭示青藏高原的隆升———青藏高原亚东格尔木地学断面[J].地质学报,63(4):285-296.
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薛峰,赵永.1998.中国地震速报台网走时残差分析与走时修改[J].地震地磁观测与研究,19(4):48-54.
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袁健,高龙生.1990.中国东部地区P波到时残差的研究[J].中国地震,6(4):50-56.
张小涛,吕坚,马广庆,等.2006.九江—瑞昌地震序列的波速比特征研究[J].华北地震科学,24(4):36-40.
张志军,任康.1994.由扰动位确定核幔起伏[J].地球物理学报,37(1):115-119.
邹振轩,李金龙,俞铁宏.2006.应用多台和达法测定温州珊溪水库地区地震的平均波速比[J].地震,26(4):133-137.
刁桂苓,周仕勇,刘杰,等.2005.岫岩地震序列的平均波速比前兆异常[J].华北地震科学,23(4):1-5.
丁志峰,何正勤,吴建平,等.2001.青藏高原地震波三维速度结构的研究[J].中国地震,17(2):202-209.
冯德益,王周元,顾瑾平,等.1980.1976年四川省松潘—平武地震前波速比的异常变化[J].地震学报,2(1):43-54.
冯德益.1981.地震波速异常[M].北京:地震出版社.
冯锐,庞庆衍,傅征祥,等.1976.海城地震前后地震波速比的变化[J].地球物理学报,19(4):295-305.
冯锐,朱介寿,丁韫玉,等.1981.利用地震面波研究中国地壳结构[J].地震学报,3(4):335-340.
顾瑾平,盛国英.1983.多台求波速比方法的再探讨[J].西北地震学报,5(4):95-98.
国家地震局震害防御司.1992.地震工作手册[M].北京:地震出版社.
贾淑娟.1983.用P波走时残差研究深部结构[J].山西地震,(1):17-22.
姜秀娥,陈非比.1981.用单台四震相法讨论唐山大震的波速异常[J].地球物理学报,24(1):107-116.
李永莉,毛惠玲,苏有锦.2009.滇西地区近期强震的波速比异常演化[J].地震研究,32(1):6-11.
龙海英,聂小红,唐兰兰.2011.新疆乌苏5.1级地震前波速比异常震例研究[J].地震研究,34(2):126-130.
王林瑛,郭永霞,刘芳,等.2008.文安地震前后首都圈分区波速比时变特征研究[J].地震学报,30(3):240-253.
吴功建,肖序常,李廷栋.1989.揭示青藏高原的隆升———青藏高原亚东格尔木地学断面[J].地质学报,63(4):285-296.
吴建平,明跃红,叶太兰,等.1998.体波波形反演对青藏高原上地幔速度结构的研究[J].地球物理学报,41(增刊):15-25.
薛峰,赵永.1998.中国地震速报台网走时残差分析与走时修改[J].地震地磁观测与研究,19(4):48-54.
姚家骏,王培玲,刘文邦.2012.玉树7.1级地震前后波速比变化特征分析[J].高原地震,24(3):6-10.
袁健,高龙生.1990.中国东部地区P波到时残差的研究[J].中国地震,6(4):50-56.
张小涛,吕坚,马广庆,等.2006.九江—瑞昌地震序列的波速比特征研究[J].华北地震科学,24(4):36-40.
张志军,任康.1994.由扰动位确定核幔起伏[J].地球物理学报,37(1):115-119.
邹振轩,李金龙,俞铁宏.2006.应用多台和达法测定温州珊溪水库地区地震的平均波速比[J].地震,26(4):133-137.
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