铝含量对铅力学性能的影响
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摘要
利用金属强化原理,设计了一组不同铝含量的铅,研究了铝(Al)元素对铅铝合金力学性能的影响.用真空感应炉冶炼出不同Al含量的Pb-Al合金,并通过快速冷却模具的手段保证成分的均匀性.基于拉伸试验、夏比冲击试验与金相分析技术等,对合金的成分、显微组织和力学性能的关系进行了测试与分析.结果表明,固溶态的Al能够有效提高Pb-Al合金的抗拉强度和冲击功,但富Al相的不均匀析出会使Pb-Al合金发生二次再结晶现象,从而导致强度、韧性的下降.
A group of binary Pb-Al alloys with different Al contents are designed and the effect of Al content on the mechanical properties of Pb-Al alloy is studied with adoption of metal strengthening theories. Pb-Al alloys with gradient Al content are produced by vacuum induction furnace. Rapidly quenching technique is applied for cooling the casting moulds to ensure the homogeneity of the components. The contents of the alloy and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties are tested and analyzed based on tensile test, Charpy V-notch impact test and the metallographic analysis technique. The results show that Al in solid solution will markedly promote the tensile strength and impact energy. However, the heterogeneous precipitation with Al phase will deteriorate the mechanical properties by secondary re-crystallization phenomenon.
A group of binary Pb-Al alloys with different Al contents are designed and the effect of Al content on the mechanical properties of Pb-Al alloy is studied with adoption of metal strengthening theories. Pb-Al alloys with gradient Al content are produced by vacuum induction furnace. Rapidly quenching technique is applied for cooling the casting moulds to ensure the homogeneity of the components. The contents of the alloy and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties are tested and analyzed based on tensile test, Charpy V-notch impact test and the metallographic analysis technique. The results show that Al in solid solution will markedly promote the tensile strength and impact energy. However, the heterogeneous precipitation with Al phase will deteriorate the mechanical properties by secondary re-crystallization phenomenon.
引文
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[20]何毅,苏国跃,曲文生,等.超纯净18Ni马氏体时效钢的晶粒尺寸及其对拉伸性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002(1):53-57.
[21]倪颂,廖晓舟,朱运田.剧烈塑性变形对块体纳米金属材料结构和力学性能的影响[J].金属学报,2014(2):156-168.
[22]卢磊,卢柯.纳米孪晶金属材料[J].金属学报,2010(11):1422-1427.
[2]尤红兵,赵凤新.加载频率对铅合金减震器动力特性的影响[J].震灾防御技术,2011(4):384-395.
[3]尤红兵,赵凤新.加载频率对铅合金减震器动力特性的影响[J].震灾防御技术,2011(4):384-395.
[4]周云,刘季.新型耗能(阻尼)减震器的开发与研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998(1):71-79.
[5]张雪松,代泽兵,曹枚根,等.安装新型铅减震器的220k V断路器振动台试验[J].高压电器,2011(8):14-17.
[6]张雪松,代泽兵,曹枚根,等.安装新型铅减震器的500k V氧化锌避雷器动力特性[J].重庆大学学报,2013(7):66-73.
[7]Lugon L P,Figueiredo R B,Cetlin P R.Tensile behavior of an eutectic Pb-Sn alloy processed by ECAP and rolling[J].Journal of Materials Research and Technology,2014,3(4):327-330.
[8]Abouhilou F,Azzeddine H,Mehdi B,et al.Deformation and recrystallization texture,microstructure and kinetics of Pb-Ca-Sn alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(8):1779-1784.
[9]唐明成,梁景志,陈红雨.铅钙铋合金与铅钙合金铸造性能的比较研究[J].中国有色冶金,2007(4):37-39.
[10]周华文,唐明成,陈红雨.铅基合金成分控制的理论模型[J].电源技术,2005(9):591-593.
[11]唐有根,贺小红,杨习文,等.添加铈对低锑铅合金的微观结构及电化学性能的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2007(3):323-328.
[12]Silva A P,Garcia A,Spinelli J E.Microstructural morphologies and experimental growth laws during solidification of monotectic and hypermonotectic Al-Pb alloys[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2014,30(4):401-407.
[13]Dahal P,Rajbansi N K,Adhikari D.Mixing properties of liquid Bi-Pb alloys[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2014,191:151-155.
[14]夏爽,周邦新,陈文觉,等.高温退火过程中铅合金晶界特征分布的演化[J].金属学报,2006(2):129-133.
[15]Kaldre I,Fautrelle Y,Etay J,et al.Thermoelectric current and magnetic field interaction influence on the structure of directionally solidified Sn-10wt.%Pb alloy[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2013,571:50-55.
[16]王勇海,马晶,王重阳,等.某铅锌多金属矿组合抑制剂降砷试验研究[J].江西有色金属,2010(增刊1):81-84.
[17]陈志,陈长乐,陈翔燕,等.旋转磁场作用下的Pb-Sn合金组织研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2007(11):2011-2015.
[18]汪金良,吴艳新,张文海.铅冶炼技术的发展现状及旋涡闪速炼铅工艺[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011(1):14-18.
[19]刘天佑.奥氏体混晶对钢的力学性能的影响[J].本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,2003(3):1-5.
[20]何毅,苏国跃,曲文生,等.超纯净18Ni马氏体时效钢的晶粒尺寸及其对拉伸性能的影响[J].金属学报,2002(1):53-57.
[21]倪颂,廖晓舟,朱运田.剧烈塑性变形对块体纳米金属材料结构和力学性能的影响[J].金属学报,2014(2):156-168.
[22]卢磊,卢柯.纳米孪晶金属材料[J].金属学报,2010(11):1422-1427.
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