岩石加载过程中红外辐射温度场演化的定量分析方法
|
摘要
为探讨岩石加载过程表面红外辐射温度场演化的定量分析方法,引入分形、熵和统计学理论,提出用特征粗糙度、熵和方差作为指标定量描述岩石加载过程中红外辐射温度场的演化特征,并以含孔岩石试样加载过程热成像观测试验结果为例,对3种指标的定量刻画能力及特点进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)3种指标都能较好地定量刻画岩石加载过程中红外辐射温度场的演化与分异特征,在岩石加载过程中随着应力变化出现阶段性变化特征,在破坏前出现红外异常前兆,且效果均好于以往使用的指标AIRT;(2)3种指标有不同的特点,熵对于试样加载过程红外辐射的阶段性特征刻画较好,随应力增加各个阶段的红外辐射变化分界明显;而特征粗糙度和方差在临近岩石破裂时发生大幅度突然性升高,对于岩石破裂的红外前兆的识别更具优势。研究结果为岩石受力与灾变过程红外辐射的定量分析提供了新的方法。
Aiming to explore the quantitative approaches on the infrared radiation temperature field evolution of rock in loading process,the factual theory,entropy theory and statistical method were employed. Three indices including characteristic roughness,entropy and variance were introduced to describe the evolution of infrared radiation temperature field in the loading process of rock. The properties and potential description of three indicators were comparatively analyzed and discussed in terms of the thermal imaging observation experiment of several hole-rock samples in loading process. The results show that:(1) Three indices can quantitatively describe the evolution and differentiation characteristics of infrared radiation temperature field in loading process of rock effectively. The indices respond variously with stress changes of rock and display anomalous IR precursor before rock failure. Additionally,the effect of quantitative expression is better than previous index AIRT.(2) There are different features for three indices. The entropy is better to describe the stage characteristics of infrared radiation in loading process of rock,and the boundary of infrared radiation changing at different stages with the increase of stress is more obvious. Meanwhile,the characteristic roughness and variance increase greatly before the rock failure and have more advantages to identify the infrared precursor of rock failure. This study would provide new way for quantitative analyzing the infrared radiation in rock loading process.
Aiming to explore the quantitative approaches on the infrared radiation temperature field evolution of rock in loading process,the factual theory,entropy theory and statistical method were employed. Three indices including characteristic roughness,entropy and variance were introduced to describe the evolution of infrared radiation temperature field in the loading process of rock. The properties and potential description of three indicators were comparatively analyzed and discussed in terms of the thermal imaging observation experiment of several hole-rock samples in loading process. The results show that:(1) Three indices can quantitatively describe the evolution and differentiation characteristics of infrared radiation temperature field in loading process of rock effectively. The indices respond variously with stress changes of rock and display anomalous IR precursor before rock failure. Additionally,the effect of quantitative expression is better than previous index AIRT.(2) There are different features for three indices. The entropy is better to describe the stage characteristics of infrared radiation in loading process of rock,and the boundary of infrared radiation changing at different stages with the increase of stress is more obvious. Meanwhile,the characteristic roughness and variance increase greatly before the rock failure and have more advantages to identify the infrared precursor of rock failure. This study would provide new way for quantitative analyzing the infrared radiation in rock loading process.
引文
[1]THOMSON W.On the dynamical theory of heat[J].Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,1853,20:83–261.
[2]OFFERMANN S,BEAUDION J L,BISSIEUX C.Thermoelastic stress analysis under nonadiabatic conditions[J].Experimental Mechanics,1997,37(4):409–413.
[3]HARWOOD N,CUMMINGS W M.Thermoelastic stress analysis[M].Bristol:IOP Publishing Ltd.,1991:2.
[4]LUONG M P.Infrared observation of failure processes in plain concrete[J].Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1987:870–878.
[5]LUONG M P.Infrared thermovision of damage processes in concrete and rock[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1990,35(1/2/3):127–135.
[6]GORNY V I,SALMAN A G,TRONIN A A,et al.The earth outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity[C]//Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of the USSR.Moscow:USSR Academy of Sciences Press,1988:67–69.
[7]TRONIN A A.Satellite thermal survey:a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(8):1 439–1 455.
[8]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟试验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83–88.(GENG Naiguang,YU Ping,DENG Mingde,et al.The simulated experimental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):83–88.(in Chinese))
[9]邓明德,耿乃光,崔承禹,等.岩石力学状态改变引起岩石热状态改变的研究[J].中国地震,1997,13(2):179–185.(DENG Mingde,GENG Naiguang,CUI Chengyu,et al.The study on the variation of thermal state of rocks caused by the variation of stress state of rocks[J].Earthquake Research in China,1997,13(2):179–185.(in Chinese))
[10]刘善军,吴立新,吴焕萍,等.多暗色矿物类岩石单轴加载过程中红外辐射定量研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1 585–1 589.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WU Huanping,et al.Quantitative study on the thermal infrared radiation of dark mineral rock in condition of uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1 585–1 589.(in Chinese))
[11]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure—part I:IRR image abnormalities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(3):473–482.
[12]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure—part II:IRR T-curve abnormalities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(3):483–493.
[13]刘善军,吴立新,王川婴,等.遥感–岩石力学(VIII)——论岩石破裂的热红外前兆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 621–1 627.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WANG Chuanying,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics((VIII)—TIR omens of rock fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1 621–1 627.(in Chinese))
[14]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(I)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24–30.(WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics((I)—laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discontinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24–30.(in Chinese))
[15]刘培洵,马瑾,刘力强,等.压性雁列构造变形过程中热场演化的试验研究[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(4):49–54.(LIU Peixun,MA Jin,LIU Liqiang,et al.An experimental study on variation of thermal fields during the deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set[J].Progress in Natural Science,2007,17(4):49–54.(in Chinese))
[16]马瑾,马少鹏,刘培洵,等.识别断层活动和失稳的热场标志——实验室的证据[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):363–382.(MA Jin,MA Shaopeng,LIU Peixun,et al.Thermal field indicators for identifying active fault and its instability from laboratory experiments[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):363–382.(in Chinese))
[17]HE M C,GONG W L,LI D J,et al.Physical modeling of failure process of the excavation in horizontal strata based on IR thermography[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(6):689–698.
[18]GONG W L,GONG Y X,LONG A F.Multi-filter analysis of infrared images from the excavation experiment in horizontally stratified rocks[J].Infrared Physics and Technology,2013,56:57–68.
[19]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感–岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:130.(WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua.Introduction to remote sensing rock mechanics:infrared remote sensing for rock catastrophe due to overloaded[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:130.(in Chinese))
[20]刘善军,吴立新,张艳博.岩石破裂前红外热像的时空演化特征[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(7):1 034–1 038.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,ZHANG Yanbo.Temporal-spatial evolution features of infrared thermal image before rock failure[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2009,30(7):1 034–1 038.(in Chinese))
[21]MANDELBROT B B.Fractals:forms,chances and dimension[M].San Francisco:Freeman,1977:1–365.
[22]谢和平.分形——岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:129–257.(XIE Heping.Introduction to fractal—rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:129–257.(in Chinese))
[23]彭瑞东,杨彦从,鞠杨,等.基于灰度CT图像的岩石孔隙分形维数计算[J].科学通报,2011,56(26):2 256–2 266.(PENG Ruidong,YANG Yancong,JU Yang,et al.Computation of fractal dimension of rock pores based on gray CT images[J].Science China Press,2011,56(26):2 256–2 266.(in Chinese))
[24]彭瑞东,谢和平,鞠杨.二维数字图像分形维数的计算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):19–24.(PENG Ruidong,XIE Heping,JU Yang.Computation method of fractal dimension for 2D digital image[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(1):19–24.(in Chinese))
[25]杨彦从,彭瑞东,周宏伟.三维空间数字图像的分形维数计算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(2):251–258.(YANG Yancong,PENG Ruidong,ZHOU Hongwei.Computation of fractal dimension for digital image in a 3D space[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2009,38(2):251–258.(in Chinese))
[26]李业学,高明忠,马亢.粗糙面分形计算理论研究进展[J].数学进展,2012,41(4):397–408.(LI Yexue,GAO Mingzhong,MA Kang.Developments in calculation theory of fractal dimension of rough surface[J].Advances in Mathematics,2012,41(4):397–408.(in Chinese))
[27]周宏伟,谢和平,KWASNIEWSKI M A.粗糙表面分维计算的立方体覆盖法[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(6):455–459.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,KWASNIEWSKI M A.Fractal dimension of rough surface estimated by the cubic covering method[J].Tribology,2000,20(6):455–459.(in Chinese))
[28]葛世荣.粗糙表面的分形特征与分形表达研究[J].摩擦学学报,1997,17(1):73–80.(GE Shirong.The fractal behavior and fractal characterization of rough surfaces[J].Tribology,1997,17(1):73–80.(in Chinese))
[29]朱华,葛世荣,陈国安.磨合表面形貌变化的分形表征[J].机械工程学报,2001,37(5):38–71.(ZHU Hua,GE Shirong,CHEN Guoan.Characterization of surface topography during running-in process with fractal parameter[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2001,37(5):38–71.(in Chinese))
[2]OFFERMANN S,BEAUDION J L,BISSIEUX C.Thermoelastic stress analysis under nonadiabatic conditions[J].Experimental Mechanics,1997,37(4):409–413.
[3]HARWOOD N,CUMMINGS W M.Thermoelastic stress analysis[M].Bristol:IOP Publishing Ltd.,1991:2.
[4]LUONG M P.Infrared observation of failure processes in plain concrete[J].Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components.Oxford:Pergamon Press,1987:870–878.
[5]LUONG M P.Infrared thermovision of damage processes in concrete and rock[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1990,35(1/2/3):127–135.
[6]GORNY V I,SALMAN A G,TRONIN A A,et al.The earth outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity[C]//Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of the USSR.Moscow:USSR Academy of Sciences Press,1988:67–69.
[7]TRONIN A A.Satellite thermal survey:a new tool for the study of seismoactive regions[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17(8):1 439–1 455.
[8]耿乃光,于萍,邓明德,等.热红外震兆成因的模拟试验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83–88.(GENG Naiguang,YU Ping,DENG Mingde,et al.The simulated experimental studies on cause of thermal infrared precursor of earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1998,18(1):83–88.(in Chinese))
[9]邓明德,耿乃光,崔承禹,等.岩石力学状态改变引起岩石热状态改变的研究[J].中国地震,1997,13(2):179–185.(DENG Mingde,GENG Naiguang,CUI Chengyu,et al.The study on the variation of thermal state of rocks caused by the variation of stress state of rocks[J].Earthquake Research in China,1997,13(2):179–185.(in Chinese))
[10]刘善军,吴立新,吴焕萍,等.多暗色矿物类岩石单轴加载过程中红外辐射定量研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1 585–1 589.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WU Huanping,et al.Quantitative study on the thermal infrared radiation of dark mineral rock in condition of uniaxial loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1 585–1 589.(in Chinese))
[11]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure—part I:IRR image abnormalities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(3):473–482.
[12]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure—part II:IRR T-curve abnormalities[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(3):483–493.
[13]刘善军,吴立新,王川婴,等.遥感–岩石力学(VIII)——论岩石破裂的热红外前兆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 621–1 627.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,WANG Chuanying,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics((VIII)—TIR omens of rock fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(10):1 621–1 627.(in Chinese))
[14]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(I)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24–30.(WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics((I)—laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discontinuous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24–30.(in Chinese))
[15]刘培洵,马瑾,刘力强,等.压性雁列构造变形过程中热场演化的试验研究[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(4):49–54.(LIU Peixun,MA Jin,LIU Liqiang,et al.An experimental study on variation of thermal fields during the deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set[J].Progress in Natural Science,2007,17(4):49–54.(in Chinese))
[16]马瑾,马少鹏,刘培洵,等.识别断层活动和失稳的热场标志——实验室的证据[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):363–382.(MA Jin,MA Shaopeng,LIU Peixun,et al.Thermal field indicators for identifying active fault and its instability from laboratory experiments[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):363–382.(in Chinese))
[17]HE M C,GONG W L,LI D J,et al.Physical modeling of failure process of the excavation in horizontal strata based on IR thermography[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(6):689–698.
[18]GONG W L,GONG Y X,LONG A F.Multi-filter analysis of infrared images from the excavation experiment in horizontally stratified rocks[J].Infrared Physics and Technology,2013,56:57–68.
[19]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华.遥感–岩石力学引论:岩石受力灾变的红外遥感[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:130.(WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua.Introduction to remote sensing rock mechanics:infrared remote sensing for rock catastrophe due to overloaded[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:130.(in Chinese))
[20]刘善军,吴立新,张艳博.岩石破裂前红外热像的时空演化特征[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(7):1 034–1 038.(LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin,ZHANG Yanbo.Temporal-spatial evolution features of infrared thermal image before rock failure[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2009,30(7):1 034–1 038.(in Chinese))
[21]MANDELBROT B B.Fractals:forms,chances and dimension[M].San Francisco:Freeman,1977:1–365.
[22]谢和平.分形——岩石力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:129–257.(XIE Heping.Introduction to fractal—rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1996:129–257.(in Chinese))
[23]彭瑞东,杨彦从,鞠杨,等.基于灰度CT图像的岩石孔隙分形维数计算[J].科学通报,2011,56(26):2 256–2 266.(PENG Ruidong,YANG Yancong,JU Yang,et al.Computation of fractal dimension of rock pores based on gray CT images[J].Science China Press,2011,56(26):2 256–2 266.(in Chinese))
[24]彭瑞东,谢和平,鞠杨.二维数字图像分形维数的计算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(1):19–24.(PENG Ruidong,XIE Heping,JU Yang.Computation method of fractal dimension for 2D digital image[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2004,33(1):19–24.(in Chinese))
[25]杨彦从,彭瑞东,周宏伟.三维空间数字图像的分形维数计算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(2):251–258.(YANG Yancong,PENG Ruidong,ZHOU Hongwei.Computation of fractal dimension for digital image in a 3D space[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2009,38(2):251–258.(in Chinese))
[26]李业学,高明忠,马亢.粗糙面分形计算理论研究进展[J].数学进展,2012,41(4):397–408.(LI Yexue,GAO Mingzhong,MA Kang.Developments in calculation theory of fractal dimension of rough surface[J].Advances in Mathematics,2012,41(4):397–408.(in Chinese))
[27]周宏伟,谢和平,KWASNIEWSKI M A.粗糙表面分维计算的立方体覆盖法[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(6):455–459.(ZHOU Hongwei,XIE Heping,KWASNIEWSKI M A.Fractal dimension of rough surface estimated by the cubic covering method[J].Tribology,2000,20(6):455–459.(in Chinese))
[28]葛世荣.粗糙表面的分形特征与分形表达研究[J].摩擦学学报,1997,17(1):73–80.(GE Shirong.The fractal behavior and fractal characterization of rough surfaces[J].Tribology,1997,17(1):73–80.(in Chinese))
[29]朱华,葛世荣,陈国安.磨合表面形貌变化的分形表征[J].机械工程学报,2001,37(5):38–71.(ZHU Hua,GE Shirong,CHEN Guoan.Characterization of surface topography during running-in process with fractal parameter[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2001,37(5):38–71.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心