城市社区空间应急疏散能力评价模型构建及其应用——以北京市交道口社区为例
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摘要
以城市防灾空间中最基本的单元——社区空间为研究对象,对其应急疏散能力评价方法进行探讨。建立了基于现状空间分析的应急疏散能力评价模型,模型由应急疏散时间半径与应急疏散容量半径两个维度及应急疏散距离、道路有效宽度、道路集成度、应急疏散场所容量、社区人口密度5个因素构成。最后,通过GIS中的服务区分析及空间句法分析等技术,将模型应用于北京市交道口社区,找到交道口社区中应急疏散能力较弱的区域,为社区应急疏散空间的优化提供了依据。
The paper established a model to evaluate the evacuation capacity of urban community space.The model had two dimensions:the time radius and the volume radius of emergency evacuation.The time radius can be evaluated by the evacuation distance,the valid width and integration of evacuation roads.The volume radius can be evaluated by the capacity of emergency shelter and the population density in the community.Then the paper took Jiaodaokou community in Beijing as an example to apply the model,using the service area analysis and space syntax function in GIS,and found the weak points of evacuation in Jiaodaokou community.
The paper established a model to evaluate the evacuation capacity of urban community space.The model had two dimensions:the time radius and the volume radius of emergency evacuation.The time radius can be evaluated by the evacuation distance,the valid width and integration of evacuation roads.The volume radius can be evaluated by the capacity of emergency shelter and the population density in the community.Then the paper took Jiaodaokou community in Beijing as an example to apply the model,using the service area analysis and space syntax function in GIS,and found the weak points of evacuation in Jiaodaokou community.
引文
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[15]李云飞.基于空间句法的网络城市评价体系研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
[2]RASHED T,WEEKS J.Assessing vulnerability to earthquake hazards through spatial multicriteria analysis of urban areas[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2003,17(6):547-576.
[3]DAVIDSON R A,SHAH H C.An Urban Earthquake Disaster Risk Index[R].The John A,Blume Earthquake Engineering Center,1997.
[4]张风华,谢礼立.城市防震减灾能力评估研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(4):57-64.
[5]尹之潜.城市地震危害性分析的基本框架和方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(1):70-75.
[6]帅向华,成小平,袁一凡.城市震害高危害小区的研究和的实现技术[J].地震,2002,22(3):113-119.
[7]杨挺.城市局部地震灾害危害性指数(ULEDRI)及其在上海市的应用[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2000.
[8]夏书丹.城市建设用地地震危害性综合评价方法的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2005.
[9]庄丽,高杰,冯启民,等.城市居住区抗震防灾规划达标模糊评价[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(2):78-84.
[10]黄静,叶明武,王军,等,基于GIS的社区居民避震疏散区划方法及应用研究[J].地理科学,2011(2):204-210.
[11]ALY A A,WHITE J A.Probabilistic formulation of the emergency service location problem[J].The Journal of the Operational Research Society,1978,29(12):1167-1179.
[12]TOREGAS C.The location of emergency service facilities[J].Operations Research,1971,19(6):1363-1373.
[13]徐波,关贤军,尤建新.城市防灾避难空间优化模型[J].土木工程学报,2008(1):93-98.
[14]谢军飞,李延明,李树华.北京城市公园绿地应急避险功能布局研究[J].园林科技,2008(2):28-32.
[15]李云飞.基于空间句法的网络城市评价体系研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009.
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