混凝土围堰拆除爆破对大坝的安全影响分析
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摘要
以位于长江中游支流沅江干流的某水电站混凝土围堰拆除爆破为工程背景,需要爆破拆除的混凝土围堰与县城的直线距离不超过2 km,与最近的一条坝顶公路桥的最小距离为3 m,所以控制爆破振动势必对本工程有着重要的意义。通过对该工程现场爆破试验进行质点振动监测,测取离爆源不同位置下的质点振动速度的监测数据,同时采用回归分析法对数据进行分析,得出爆破地震波在钢筋混凝土大坝结构中的衰减规律,结果表明,使用分段微差爆破技术可有效控制拆除爆破对大坝的振动影响;依据《爆破安全规程》对钢筋混凝土结构质点安全振动速度的要求(v≤5 cm/s),证明试验爆破初步设计方案及爆破参数k,α较为合理,可为后期爆破方案确定和保证坝体安全稳定性提供依据,也可为类似工程提供工程经验。综合以上试验爆破参数和监测数据得出以下建议:最大单响药量控制在27 kg以下;需要采取一些外在减震措施;要注意地震波的主频率变化范围,防止共振现象的发生。
Taking a demolition blasting of hydropower concrete coffer as engineering background,which is located in the Yangtze tributary Ruanjing river,concrete coffer needed to be demolition blasted is not over 2 km in linear distance from the town and the minimum distance is 3 m from the nearest dam bridge.So,controlling the blasting vibration is bound to have important significance to the project.Though monitoring the blasting particle vibration in field,acquiring the monitoring data of vibration speed from different locations and using regression analysis to analyze the data,we obtained the blasting seismic wave attenuation rule in reinforced concrete dam.The result shows that millisecond blasting technique could control the affect of the demolition blasting on the dam through effectively;According to Safety Regulations for Blasting,the demand of structure safety vibration velocity(v ≤5 cm/s) on reinforced concrete prove that the preliminary design of blasting and blasting parameters are reasonable,which offer evidence for the confirmation of later blasting,security and stability of the dam.At the same time,offer some experience on the similar project.Based on the above blasting parameters and monitoring data on the test,we have the following suggestions:the explosive quantity should be under 27 kg,some exterior seismic resistance measures should be taken,to pay attention to the main frequency of seismic wave range,and prevent the occurrence of resonance phenomena.
Taking a demolition blasting of hydropower concrete coffer as engineering background,which is located in the Yangtze tributary Ruanjing river,concrete coffer needed to be demolition blasted is not over 2 km in linear distance from the town and the minimum distance is 3 m from the nearest dam bridge.So,controlling the blasting vibration is bound to have important significance to the project.Though monitoring the blasting particle vibration in field,acquiring the monitoring data of vibration speed from different locations and using regression analysis to analyze the data,we obtained the blasting seismic wave attenuation rule in reinforced concrete dam.The result shows that millisecond blasting technique could control the affect of the demolition blasting on the dam through effectively;According to Safety Regulations for Blasting,the demand of structure safety vibration velocity(v ≤5 cm/s) on reinforced concrete prove that the preliminary design of blasting and blasting parameters are reasonable,which offer evidence for the confirmation of later blasting,security and stability of the dam.At the same time,offer some experience on the similar project.Based on the above blasting parameters and monitoring data on the test,we have the following suggestions:the explosive quantity should be under 27 kg,some exterior seismic resistance measures should be taken,to pay attention to the main frequency of seismic wave range,and prevent the occurrence of resonance phenomena.
引文
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[4]罗忆,卢文波,陈明,等.爆破振动安全判据研究综述[J].爆破,2010,27(1):15-22.LUO Yi,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al.View of research on safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):15-22.
[5]张小强.深孔台阶爆破振动对岩质边坡稳定性影响研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.ZHANG Xiao-qiang.Research on the deep hole bench blasting vibration effect on rock slope stability[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2013.
[6]黄卓新,向维峰,潘浩.分段微差爆破技术在桥梁人工挖孔桩中的应用[J].公路工程,2012,37(2):112-114.HUANG Zhuo-xin,XIANG Wei-feng,PAN Hao.Application of manual hole digging pile millisecond blasting technique on bridge pile foundation[J].Highway Engineering,2012,37(2):112-114.
[7]李存国,张云鹏.关于微差爆破合理间隔时间的实践研究[J].云南冶金,2010,39(2):22-24.LI Cun-guo,ZHANG Yun-peng.Practical study on logical delay time of millisecond blasting[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2010,39(2):22-24.
[8]陈士海,燕永峰,戚桂峰.微差爆破降震效贝影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3 003-3 008.CHEN Shi-hai,YAN Yong-feng,QI Gui-feng.Analysis of influence factors of interference vibration reduction of millisecond blasting[J].Rock and Soil Meehanies,2011,32(10):3 003-3 008.
[9]李德林,王伟策,高振儒.中深孔微差爆破合理间隔H寸间的研究[J].爆破,1999,16(3):74-77.LI De-lin,WANG Wei-ce.GAO Zhen-ru.Experomental study on the rational delay interval ofmi llisecond borehole blasting[J].Blasting,1999,16(3):74-77.
[10]付天光,张家权,葛勇,等.逐孔起爆微差爆破技术的研究和实践[J].工程爆破,2006,12(2):28-31.FU Tian-guang,ZHANG Jia-quan,GE Yong,et al.Study and practice of technology of millisecond blasting ignited in borehole sequence[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(2):28-31.
[11]王玉杰,梁开水,田新帮.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111-4 113.WANG Yu-jie,LIANG Kai-shui,TIAN Xin-bang.Study on redundant regulation of underground digging blasting vibration of zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111-4 113.
[12]刘殿中.工程爆破实用手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.LIU Dian-zhong.Practical handbook for engineering blasting[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2004.
[13]汪旭光,于亚伦,刘殿中.爆破安全规程实施手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.WANG Xu-guang,YU Ya-lun,LIU Dian-zhong.Enforceable handbook of safety regulations for blasting[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[14]陈庆,何刚.涪陵鹅颈料场爆破地震波衰减规律回归析[J].矿业安全与环保,2005,32(2):33-34.CHEN Qing,HE Gang.Regression analysis of FulingEjingguan stockyard of blasting seismic wave attenuation regulation[J].Ming Safety and Environmental Protection,2005,32(2):33-34.
[15]鲁铁定,陶本藻,周世健.一元整体线性回归模型解算[J].西安科技大学学报,2009,29(2):200-203.LU Tie-ding,TAO Ben-zao,ZHOU Shi-jian.Algorithm discussion about unitary linear total regression[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2009,29(2):200-203.
[16]何晓群.实用回归分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.HE Xiao-qun.Practical regression analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[17]杨祐发,崔波.爆破震动速度峰值的预测[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(10):195-197.YANG You-fa,CUI Bo.Study on predication of peak value of blasting vibration velocity[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,,2009,28(10):195-197.
[18]王艳芬,张申,于洪珍.矩阵束算法在信道参数提取中的应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2010,30(2):232-236.WANG Yan-fen,ZHANG Shen,YU Hong-zhen.Application of matrix pencil method in parameter extracting of frequency dependent UWB channel[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2010,30(2):232-236.
[19]陈俊庆.安托山深孔爆破震动测试与分析[J].工程爆破,2004,10(2):70-72.CHEN Jun-qing.Monitoring and analyzing on deep-hole blasting vibration in Antuoshan[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(2):70-72.
[20]许名标,彭德红.某露天石材开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):62-64.XU Ming-biao,PENG De-hong.Testing and analysis of blasting vibration in the stone mining of some quarry[J].Mining Research and Development,2006,26(1):62-64.
[21]彭德红.某石料厂石料开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].爆破,2005,22(a):32-34.PENG De-hong.Test and analysis of blasting vibration in exploitation of stone in a stone material factory[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):32-34.
[22]唐海.长岭山采石场硐室爆破震动测试与分析[J].采矿技术,2009,9(5):117-119.TANG Hai.Moinitoring and analyzing on chamber blasting vibration in Changlingshan Quarry[J].Mining Technology,2009,9(5):117-119.
[23]李典兵,曲炳强,吴昌晓.地下中深孔爆破震动测试[J].现代矿业,2010(8):96-98.LI Dian-bing,QU Bing-qiang,WU Chang-xiao.Monitoring on underground deep-hole blasting vibration[J].Modern Mining,2010(8):96-98.
[24]裴来政.金堆城露天矿高这爆破震动监测与分析[J].爆破,2006,23(4):82-85.PEI Lai-zheng.Observation and analysis of blasting virbration to the high slope of Jinduicheng open-pit[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):82-85.
[25]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB722-2003,爆破安全规程[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2003.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB722-2003,Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of Beijing,2003.
[2]张金泉,魏海霞.爆破震动测试技术及控制措施[J].中国矿业,2006,15(6):65-67.ZHANG Jin-quan,WEI Hai-xia.Testing technique and control measures of blasting vibration[J].China Mining Magazine,2006,15(6):65-67.
[3]徐桂兴,杨桂桐,马元林.边坡体内的爆破震动测试及其稳定性分析[J].金属矿山,1988(8):16-20.XU Gui-xing,YANG Gui-tong,MA Yuan-lin.Slope of blasting vibration test and stability analysis[J].Metal Mine,1988(8):16-20.
[4]罗忆,卢文波,陈明,等.爆破振动安全判据研究综述[J].爆破,2010,27(1):15-22.LUO Yi,LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,et al.View of research on safety criterion of blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2010,27(1):15-22.
[5]张小强.深孔台阶爆破振动对岩质边坡稳定性影响研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.ZHANG Xiao-qiang.Research on the deep hole bench blasting vibration effect on rock slope stability[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2013.
[6]黄卓新,向维峰,潘浩.分段微差爆破技术在桥梁人工挖孔桩中的应用[J].公路工程,2012,37(2):112-114.HUANG Zhuo-xin,XIANG Wei-feng,PAN Hao.Application of manual hole digging pile millisecond blasting technique on bridge pile foundation[J].Highway Engineering,2012,37(2):112-114.
[7]李存国,张云鹏.关于微差爆破合理间隔时间的实践研究[J].云南冶金,2010,39(2):22-24.LI Cun-guo,ZHANG Yun-peng.Practical study on logical delay time of millisecond blasting[J].Yunnan Metallurgy,2010,39(2):22-24.
[8]陈士海,燕永峰,戚桂峰.微差爆破降震效贝影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3 003-3 008.CHEN Shi-hai,YAN Yong-feng,QI Gui-feng.Analysis of influence factors of interference vibration reduction of millisecond blasting[J].Rock and Soil Meehanies,2011,32(10):3 003-3 008.
[9]李德林,王伟策,高振儒.中深孔微差爆破合理间隔H寸间的研究[J].爆破,1999,16(3):74-77.LI De-lin,WANG Wei-ce.GAO Zhen-ru.Experomental study on the rational delay interval ofmi llisecond borehole blasting[J].Blasting,1999,16(3):74-77.
[10]付天光,张家权,葛勇,等.逐孔起爆微差爆破技术的研究和实践[J].工程爆破,2006,12(2):28-31.FU Tian-guang,ZHANG Jia-quan,GE Yong,et al.Study and practice of technology of millisecond blasting ignited in borehole sequence[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(2):28-31.
[11]王玉杰,梁开水,田新帮.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111-4 113.WANG Yu-jie,LIANG Kai-shui,TIAN Xin-bang.Study on redundant regulation of underground digging blasting vibration of zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111-4 113.
[12]刘殿中.工程爆破实用手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.LIU Dian-zhong.Practical handbook for engineering blasting[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2004.
[13]汪旭光,于亚伦,刘殿中.爆破安全规程实施手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.WANG Xu-guang,YU Ya-lun,LIU Dian-zhong.Enforceable handbook of safety regulations for blasting[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.
[14]陈庆,何刚.涪陵鹅颈料场爆破地震波衰减规律回归析[J].矿业安全与环保,2005,32(2):33-34.CHEN Qing,HE Gang.Regression analysis of FulingEjingguan stockyard of blasting seismic wave attenuation regulation[J].Ming Safety and Environmental Protection,2005,32(2):33-34.
[15]鲁铁定,陶本藻,周世健.一元整体线性回归模型解算[J].西安科技大学学报,2009,29(2):200-203.LU Tie-ding,TAO Ben-zao,ZHOU Shi-jian.Algorithm discussion about unitary linear total regression[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2009,29(2):200-203.
[16]何晓群.实用回归分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.HE Xiao-qun.Practical regression analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.
[17]杨祐发,崔波.爆破震动速度峰值的预测[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(10):195-197.YANG You-fa,CUI Bo.Study on predication of peak value of blasting vibration velocity[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,,2009,28(10):195-197.
[18]王艳芬,张申,于洪珍.矩阵束算法在信道参数提取中的应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2010,30(2):232-236.WANG Yan-fen,ZHANG Shen,YU Hong-zhen.Application of matrix pencil method in parameter extracting of frequency dependent UWB channel[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2010,30(2):232-236.
[19]陈俊庆.安托山深孔爆破震动测试与分析[J].工程爆破,2004,10(2):70-72.CHEN Jun-qing.Monitoring and analyzing on deep-hole blasting vibration in Antuoshan[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(2):70-72.
[20]许名标,彭德红.某露天石材开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):62-64.XU Ming-biao,PENG De-hong.Testing and analysis of blasting vibration in the stone mining of some quarry[J].Mining Research and Development,2006,26(1):62-64.
[21]彭德红.某石料厂石料开采爆破震动测试与分析[J].爆破,2005,22(a):32-34.PENG De-hong.Test and analysis of blasting vibration in exploitation of stone in a stone material factory[J].Blasting,2005,22(4):32-34.
[22]唐海.长岭山采石场硐室爆破震动测试与分析[J].采矿技术,2009,9(5):117-119.TANG Hai.Moinitoring and analyzing on chamber blasting vibration in Changlingshan Quarry[J].Mining Technology,2009,9(5):117-119.
[23]李典兵,曲炳强,吴昌晓.地下中深孔爆破震动测试[J].现代矿业,2010(8):96-98.LI Dian-bing,QU Bing-qiang,WU Chang-xiao.Monitoring on underground deep-hole blasting vibration[J].Modern Mining,2010(8):96-98.
[24]裴来政.金堆城露天矿高这爆破震动监测与分析[J].爆破,2006,23(4):82-85.PEI Lai-zheng.Observation and analysis of blasting virbration to the high slope of Jinduicheng open-pit[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):82-85.
[25]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB722-2003,爆破安全规程[S].北京:北京标准出版社,2003.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB722-2003,Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of Beijing,2003.
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