1000kV特高压交流电气设备抗震研究进展与展望
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摘要
为提高特高压交流电气设备的地震安全性,对电气设备的抗震研究进行了归纳、分析及展望。结果表明:应以50 a超越概率2%的地震作为设防标准;明确了包络I0-III类场地特征周期的抗震设计标准反应谱,该谱由4部分组成,包括0~0.03 s区间的刚性段、0.03~0.1 s的直线上升段、0.1~0.9 s的共振平台段、0.9~6.0 s的曲线下降段;明确了抗震试验技术,包括包络特高压抗震标准反应谱的试验波、地震动激励输入方向、输入输出的容差控制、支架动力放大效应、基于安全系数的试验结果判定准则;提出了抗震性能计算分析方法,包括数值模型的建立、抗震计算、荷载组合方式及抗震性能评判;开发了阻尼减震技术,通过在设备及设备支架之间布置耗能阻尼器,达到了良好的减震效果。未来需要进一步研究的内容为:特高压主变设备抗震研究、互连设备抗震优化设计、复合设备抗震性能及抗震评估方法、特高压变电站整体抗震性能等。
In order to improve seismic safety of ultra high voltage(UHV) alternating current(AC) electrical equipment, seismic researches of the electrical equipment are summarized, analyzed and prospected. The results show that 2% probability of excess in 50 years should be used as seismic fortification standard. Firstly, a seismic design response spectrum enveloping class I0- III characteristic periods is identified, in which the spectral line consists of four sections, including a rigid line segment of 0~0.03 s range, straight rising segment of 0.03~0.1s, resonance platform segment of 0.1~0.9 s, and declining curve segment of 0.9~6.0 s. Secondly, the seismic testing techniques are proposed, including input wave which envelops UHV standard response spectrum, input direction, tolerance between input and output waves, dynamic amplification effect of supporting structure and safety factor based results assessment criterion. Thirdly, the seismic analysis methods are raised, including establishment of numerical model, seismic assessment analysis, load combination methods and seismic performance evaluation criterion. Finally, the seismic damping technology is developed, which sets energy dissipating dampers between equipment and support structure, achieving good damping effect. Future research should focus on the following aspects: more in-depth seismic study of UHV transformer, seismic optimizing design for interconnected equipment, seismic performance and evaluation method study for composite material equipment, and the overall seismic performance study of UHV substations.
In order to improve seismic safety of ultra high voltage(UHV) alternating current(AC) electrical equipment, seismic researches of the electrical equipment are summarized, analyzed and prospected. The results show that 2% probability of excess in 50 years should be used as seismic fortification standard. Firstly, a seismic design response spectrum enveloping class I0- III characteristic periods is identified, in which the spectral line consists of four sections, including a rigid line segment of 0~0.03 s range, straight rising segment of 0.03~0.1s, resonance platform segment of 0.1~0.9 s, and declining curve segment of 0.9~6.0 s. Secondly, the seismic testing techniques are proposed, including input wave which envelops UHV standard response spectrum, input direction, tolerance between input and output waves, dynamic amplification effect of supporting structure and safety factor based results assessment criterion. Thirdly, the seismic analysis methods are raised, including establishment of numerical model, seismic assessment analysis, load combination methods and seismic performance evaluation criterion. Finally, the seismic damping technology is developed, which sets energy dissipating dampers between equipment and support structure, achieving good damping effect. Future research should focus on the following aspects: more in-depth seismic study of UHV transformer, seismic optimizing design for interconnected equipment, seismic performance and evaluation method study for composite material equipment, and the overall seismic performance study of UHV substations.
引文
[1]中国电力科学研究院.电网地震灾害规律研究及分布图绘制[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014:5.China Electric Power Research Institute.Grid research and distribution of earthquake disasters in drawing[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014:5.
[2]钟珉,房正刚.电气设备抗震设防水准研究[J].电工电气,2013,33(10):54-58.ZHONG Min,FANG Zhenggang.Study on seismic fortification level of electrical equipment[J].Electrotechnics Electric,2013,33(10):54-58.
[3]刘振林,代泽兵,卢智成.基于Weibull分布的电瓷型电气设备地震易损性分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(4):1076-1081.LIU Zhenlin,DAI Zebing,LU Zhicheng.Seismic damage probability analysis of procelain power equipment based on Weibull distribution[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(4):1076-1081.
[4]程永锋,朱全军,卢智成.变电站电力设施抗震措施研究现状与发展趋势[J].电网技术,2008,32(22):84-89.CHENG Yongfeng,ZHU Quanjun,LU Zhicheng.Progress and development trend on seismic measures of electric power equipments in transformer substation[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(22):84-89.
[5]IEEE Std 693–2005 IEEE recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S],2005.
[6]IEC 68-2-59 Environmental testing,part 2:tests methods test Fe:vibration-sine-beat method[S],1990.
[7]IEC 68-3-3 Environmental testing,part 3:guidance seismic test methods for equipment[S],1991.
[8]IEC 1166 High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers-guide for seismic qualification of high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers[S],1993.
[9]IEC TS 61463 Bushing-seismic qualification[S],2000.
[10]IEC62271-2:2003 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear,part 2:seismic qualification for rated voltages of 72.5 kV and above[S],2003.
[11]GB 50260—2013电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.GB 50260—2013 Code for seismic design of electrical installations[S].Beijjing,China:China Planning Press,2013.
[12]JEAG 5003—2010电气设备抗震设计指南[S],2010.JEAG 5003—2010 Guideline for seismic design of electrical equipments[S],2010.
[13]程永锋,邱宁,卢智成,等.硬管母线连接的1 000 kV避雷器和互感器[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3882-3887.CHENG Yongfeng,QIU Ning,LU Zhicheng,et al.Shake table test research on seismic performance of 1 000 kV arrester and CVT interconnected by tube bus[J].High Voltage Engieering,2014,40(12):3882-3887.
[14]GB 50556—2010工业企业电气设备抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.GB 50556—2010 Code for a seismic design of electrical facilities in industrial plants[S].Beijing,China:China Planning Press,2010.
[15]IEEE Std 344—2004 Recommended practice for seismic qualification of class 1E equipment for nuclear power generating stations[S],2005.
[16]IEEE 1527—2006 Recommended practice for the design of flexible bus-work located in seismically active areas[S],2006,
[17]GB 50267-97核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.GB 50267-97 Code for seismic design of nuclear plants[S].Beijjing,China:China Planning Press,1998.
[18]中国电力科学研究院.特高压电气设备抗震评估与减震设计研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2012.China Electric Power Research Institute.Research report on seismic evaluation and energy dissipation design of UHV electrical equipment[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2012.
[19]Howard M,AndréF.Seismic qualification requirements for transformer bushings[R].San Diego,USA:University of California,2004.
[20]卢智成,代泽兵,孟宪政,等.特高压变电设备抗震振动台试验方法研究[J].建筑结构,2013,43(增刊1):1269-1272.LU Zhicheng,DAI Zebing,MENG Xianzheng,et al.Study on seismic shaking table test method of UHV substation equipments[J].Building Structure,2013,43(Supplement1):1269-1272.
[21]周云.金属耗减震结构设计[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006.ZHOU Yun.Structural design of metal energy dissipation[M].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University Press,2006.
[22]中国电力科学研究院.特高压变电设备抗震试验技术研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Technical report on study of seismic test technology of UHV electrical equipment[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[23]中国电力科学研究院.相互连接的特高压变电设备抗震性能研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Technical report on study of seismic performance of interconnected electrical equipment at UHV substation[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[24]卢智成,朱全军,程永锋.隔振(震)技术在电力设施中的应用及前景[J].电力建设,2009,32(6):87-89.LU Zhicheng,ZHU Quanjun,CHENG Yongfeng.Vibration isolation technique application and prospect in power apparatus[J].Electric Power Construction,2009,32(6):87-89.
[25]Q/GWD 11132—2013特高压瓷绝缘电气设备抗震设计及减震装置安装与维护技术规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.Q/GDW 11132—2013 Technical specification for seismic design of ultra-high voltage porcelain insulating equipments and installation/maintenance to energy dissipation devices[S].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2014.
[2]钟珉,房正刚.电气设备抗震设防水准研究[J].电工电气,2013,33(10):54-58.ZHONG Min,FANG Zhenggang.Study on seismic fortification level of electrical equipment[J].Electrotechnics Electric,2013,33(10):54-58.
[3]刘振林,代泽兵,卢智成.基于Weibull分布的电瓷型电气设备地震易损性分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(4):1076-1081.LIU Zhenlin,DAI Zebing,LU Zhicheng.Seismic damage probability analysis of procelain power equipment based on Weibull distribution[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(4):1076-1081.
[4]程永锋,朱全军,卢智成.变电站电力设施抗震措施研究现状与发展趋势[J].电网技术,2008,32(22):84-89.CHENG Yongfeng,ZHU Quanjun,LU Zhicheng.Progress and development trend on seismic measures of electric power equipments in transformer substation[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(22):84-89.
[5]IEEE Std 693–2005 IEEE recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S],2005.
[6]IEC 68-2-59 Environmental testing,part 2:tests methods test Fe:vibration-sine-beat method[S],1990.
[7]IEC 68-3-3 Environmental testing,part 3:guidance seismic test methods for equipment[S],1991.
[8]IEC 1166 High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers-guide for seismic qualification of high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers[S],1993.
[9]IEC TS 61463 Bushing-seismic qualification[S],2000.
[10]IEC62271-2:2003 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear,part 2:seismic qualification for rated voltages of 72.5 kV and above[S],2003.
[11]GB 50260—2013电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.GB 50260—2013 Code for seismic design of electrical installations[S].Beijjing,China:China Planning Press,2013.
[12]JEAG 5003—2010电气设备抗震设计指南[S],2010.JEAG 5003—2010 Guideline for seismic design of electrical equipments[S],2010.
[13]程永锋,邱宁,卢智成,等.硬管母线连接的1 000 kV避雷器和互感器[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3882-3887.CHENG Yongfeng,QIU Ning,LU Zhicheng,et al.Shake table test research on seismic performance of 1 000 kV arrester and CVT interconnected by tube bus[J].High Voltage Engieering,2014,40(12):3882-3887.
[14]GB 50556—2010工业企业电气设备抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.GB 50556—2010 Code for a seismic design of electrical facilities in industrial plants[S].Beijing,China:China Planning Press,2010.
[15]IEEE Std 344—2004 Recommended practice for seismic qualification of class 1E equipment for nuclear power generating stations[S],2005.
[16]IEEE 1527—2006 Recommended practice for the design of flexible bus-work located in seismically active areas[S],2006,
[17]GB 50267-97核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.GB 50267-97 Code for seismic design of nuclear plants[S].Beijjing,China:China Planning Press,1998.
[18]中国电力科学研究院.特高压电气设备抗震评估与减震设计研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2012.China Electric Power Research Institute.Research report on seismic evaluation and energy dissipation design of UHV electrical equipment[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2012.
[19]Howard M,AndréF.Seismic qualification requirements for transformer bushings[R].San Diego,USA:University of California,2004.
[20]卢智成,代泽兵,孟宪政,等.特高压变电设备抗震振动台试验方法研究[J].建筑结构,2013,43(增刊1):1269-1272.LU Zhicheng,DAI Zebing,MENG Xianzheng,et al.Study on seismic shaking table test method of UHV substation equipments[J].Building Structure,2013,43(Supplement1):1269-1272.
[21]周云.金属耗减震结构设计[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006.ZHOU Yun.Structural design of metal energy dissipation[M].Wuhan,China:Wuhan University Press,2006.
[22]中国电力科学研究院.特高压变电设备抗震试验技术研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Technical report on study of seismic test technology of UHV electrical equipment[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[23]中国电力科学研究院.相互连接的特高压变电设备抗震性能研究[R].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2014.China Electric Power Research Institute.Technical report on study of seismic performance of interconnected electrical equipment at UHV substation[R].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Research Institute,2014.
[24]卢智成,朱全军,程永锋.隔振(震)技术在电力设施中的应用及前景[J].电力建设,2009,32(6):87-89.LU Zhicheng,ZHU Quanjun,CHENG Yongfeng.Vibration isolation technique application and prospect in power apparatus[J].Electric Power Construction,2009,32(6):87-89.
[25]Q/GWD 11132—2013特高压瓷绝缘电气设备抗震设计及减震装置安装与维护技术规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.Q/GDW 11132—2013 Technical specification for seismic design of ultra-high voltage porcelain insulating equipments and installation/maintenance to energy dissipation devices[S].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2014.
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