地震预测:回顾与展望
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摘要
本文概要回顾自20世纪60年代以来国际地震预测研究与地震预报实践的进展情况,指出地震预测这一既紧迫要求予以回答、又需要通过长期探索方能解决的地球科学难题目前尚处于初期的科学探索阶段,虽然总体水平仍然不高,特别是短期与临震预测的水平与社会需求相距甚远,但是近半个世纪以来并非毫无进展.文中以板块边界大"地震空区"的确认、"应力影区"、地震活动性图像、图像识别等方法以及美国帕克菲尔德(Parkfield)的地震预报实践为例,说明在中期与长期地震预测方面,地震预测研究均取得了一些有意义的进展.文中分析了地震预测在科学上面临的困难,阐述了为解决这些困难所应当采取的科学途径,展望了地震预测的前景,指出地震预测的进展主要受到地球内部的"不可入性"、大地震的"非频发性"以及地震物理过程的复杂性等困难的制约;地震预测虽然困难,但并不是不可能的;依靠科技进步,强化对地震及其前兆的观测,选准地点、开展并坚持以地震预测试验场为重要方式的地震预测科学试验,坚持不懈地、系统地进行基础性的对地球内部及对地震震源区的观测、探测与研究,对实现地震预测的前景是可以审慎地乐观的.
引文
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