玉树地震地表破裂调查与灾后重建避让选址研究
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摘要
2010年4月14日07时49分40.7秒,青海省玉树县发生Ms7.1级地震。通过现场调查和分析,玉树地震的发震断裂是甘孜—玉树活动断裂的玉树段,地震产生的地表破裂长度为23km,走向北西西—北西,总体表现为左旋走滑特征,可进一步分为3段:西段呈连续延伸的左旋走滑破裂,在隆宝镇的"郭央烟宋多"附近(坐标:北纬33°03′11″、东经96°51′26″)最大水平位移达1.75m,可定为宏观震中;中段主要位于县城南侧,由多条右阶斜列的破裂组成;东段表现为逆冲兼左旋走滑。玉树地震除了造成大量房屋破坏外,次生地质灾害主要包括:地震砂土液化及其引起的公路变形、地震滑坡、地震诱发水渠破坏及其链生土质滑坡和泥石流等。通过对内外动力地质灾害的综合分析,初步提出了玉树地震灾区灾后重建避让选址的建议。
The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake was happened at 7:49:40.7 on April 14,2010 in Yushu county of Qinghai province.Field investigation and analysis indicate that the Yushu segment of Ganzi-Yushu fault is the earthquake causing fault.The total rupture length caused by the Yushu earthquake is 23 km with a strike direction of NWW-NW.The rupture is mainly characterized by left-lateral slipping,which can be further divided into three segments.The west segment is a continuous left-lateral slipping rupture,near the site,named Guo-yang-yan-song-duo,of Longbao town(33°03'11″N,96°51'26″E),the horizontal offsets of the rupture is 1.75m,which is the largest amount measured,so the authors regard this area is the macroscopical epicenter.The middle segment is mainly located at the south of the city town,and composed by several right-step sub-ruptures.The east segment is mainly characterized by thrusting associated with left-lateral strike-slipping.Besides a large amount of house ruining,the Yushu earthquake has caused a series of secondary geo-hazards,such as sand soil liquefaction and related road deformation,earthquake-induced landslides,aqueduct damaged by the earthquake and related soil landslide and mudflow,etc.After comprehensive analysis of the endogenic and exogenic geo-hazards,proposals have been given forth for fault avoidance and reconstruction site selection in the Yushu earthquake stroked area.
The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake was happened at 7:49:40.7 on April 14,2010 in Yushu county of Qinghai province.Field investigation and analysis indicate that the Yushu segment of Ganzi-Yushu fault is the earthquake causing fault.The total rupture length caused by the Yushu earthquake is 23 km with a strike direction of NWW-NW.The rupture is mainly characterized by left-lateral slipping,which can be further divided into three segments.The west segment is a continuous left-lateral slipping rupture,near the site,named Guo-yang-yan-song-duo,of Longbao town(33°03'11″N,96°51'26″E),the horizontal offsets of the rupture is 1.75m,which is the largest amount measured,so the authors regard this area is the macroscopical epicenter.The middle segment is mainly located at the south of the city town,and composed by several right-step sub-ruptures.The east segment is mainly characterized by thrusting associated with left-lateral strike-slipping.Besides a large amount of house ruining,the Yushu earthquake has caused a series of secondary geo-hazards,such as sand soil liquefaction and related road deformation,earthquake-induced landslides,aqueduct damaged by the earthquake and related soil landslide and mudflow,etc.After comprehensive analysis of the endogenic and exogenic geo-hazards,proposals have been given forth for fault avoidance and reconstruction site selection in the Yushu earthquake stroked area.
引文
陈运泰.2010.2010年4月14日青海玉树地震震源机制和破裂过程快报(V4).frominternet.
都昌庭,李文巧.2006.2006年青海玉树5.0、5.6、5.4级地震灾害损失及震害特点.震灾防御技术1(4):371～377.
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周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华等.2008.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查.地震地质,30(3):778～788.
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征.中国地震,12(3):250～260.
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Bihong Fu,Yoshiki Ninomiya,Xinglin Lei et al.2004.Mappingtheactive strike-slip fault triggered the2003Mw6.6Bam,Iran,earthquake with ASTER3D images.Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,92:153～157.
Dong Shuwen,Zhang Yueqiao.2008.Surface rupture and co-seisnicdisplacement produced by the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake ofMay12th,2008,Sichuan,China:Eastwards growth of theQinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),82(5):938～948.
Earl W Hand William A.B.1997.Fault-Rupture Hazard Zones inCalifornia:Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act withIndex to Earthquake Fault Zones Maps.California Depart mentof Conservation Division of Mines and Geology.
Shifeng Wang,Xiaomin Fang,Erchie Wang,2008.Late Cenozoicdeformation along the northwestern continuation of theXianshuihe fault system,Eastern Tibetan Plateau.GSABulletin,120(3/4):312～327,doi:10.1130/B25833.1.
Xi wei Xu,Xueze Wen,Guihua YU.2009.Coseismic reverse-andoblique-slip surface faulting generated by the2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515～518.
都昌庭,李文巧.2006.2006年青海玉树5.0、5.6、5.4级地震灾害损失及震害特点.震灾防御技术1(4):371～377.
付小方,侯立玮,李海兵等.2008.汶川大地震(Ms8.0)同震变形作用及其与地质灾害的关系.地质学报,82(12):1733～1746.
李海兵,付小方,Jerome Van Der Woerd等.2008.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用.地质学报,82(12):1623～1643.
嵇少丞,王茜,孙圣思等.2008.亚洲大陆逃逸构造与现今中国地震活动.地质学报,82(12):1644～1667.
冉勇康.2010.甘孜-玉树断裂及历史大地震活动情简况.frominternet.
闻学泽,黄圣睦,江在雄.1985.甘孜-玉树断裂带的新构造特征与地震危险性估计.地震地质,7(3):21～32.
闻学泽,徐锡伟,郑荣章等.2003.甘孜-玉树断裂的平均滑动速率与近代大地震破裂.中国科学,33(3):199～208.
徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛等.2002.活断层地震地表破裂"避让带"宽度确定的依据与方法.地震地质,24(4):470～483.
殷跃平,田廷山,李文渊等.2010.青海玉树地震地质灾害调查.工程地质学报,18(2):144.
张永双,雷伟志,石菊松等.2008.四川省北川县擂鼓盆地地壳稳定性与城镇选址,地质学报,82(12):1758～1768.
张岳桥,杨农,施炜等.2008.青藏高原东缘新构造及其对汶川地震的控制作用.地质学报,82(12):1668～1678.
周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华等.2008.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查.地震地质,30(3):778～788.
周荣军,马声浩,蔡长星.1996.甘孜-玉树断裂带的晚第四纪活动特征.中国地震,12(3):250～260.
周荣军,闻学泽,蔡长星等.1997.甘孜-玉树断裂带的近代地震与未来地震趋势估计.地震地质,19(2):115～124.
中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2008.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2008).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
Bihong Fu,Yoshiki Ninomiya,Xinglin Lei et al.2004.Mappingtheactive strike-slip fault triggered the2003Mw6.6Bam,Iran,earthquake with ASTER3D images.Remote Sensing ofEnvironment,92:153～157.
Dong Shuwen,Zhang Yueqiao.2008.Surface rupture and co-seisnicdisplacement produced by the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake ofMay12th,2008,Sichuan,China:Eastwards growth of theQinghai-Tibet Plateau.Acta Geologica Sinica(English edition),82(5):938～948.
Earl W Hand William A.B.1997.Fault-Rupture Hazard Zones inCalifornia:Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act withIndex to Earthquake Fault Zones Maps.California Depart mentof Conservation Division of Mines and Geology.
Shifeng Wang,Xiaomin Fang,Erchie Wang,2008.Late Cenozoicdeformation along the northwestern continuation of theXianshuihe fault system,Eastern Tibetan Plateau.GSABulletin,120(3/4):312～327,doi:10.1130/B25833.1.
Xi wei Xu,Xueze Wen,Guihua YU.2009.Coseismic reverse-andoblique-slip surface faulting generated by the2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake,China.Geology,37(6):515～518.
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