海南火成岩发育区的三维地震采集技术研究
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摘要
海南福山凹陷表层及浅层火成岩异常发育,以及海陆地区的复杂地理环境等因素,导致多次反射波、折射波等干扰波现象非常突出,其结果是地震有效信号成像困难,地震资料分辨率、信噪比低,地震资料品质差。针对火成岩分布区的地震资料采集问题,从分析以往地震采集方法入手,找出采集方法中存在的不足,研究火成岩与地震资料品质之间的关系,针对地质任务要求及目的层反射特点,通过对多个地震采集参数进行论证,并对不同采集方案进行优选,结合本地区特殊地理、地质条件,最终确定了野外观测系统设计理念:大炮检距、高覆盖次数、小面元观测;为保证激发能量和避免多次波干扰,采用在地表风化层和表层火成岩层下激发;不同区域采用不同覆盖次数的灵活多变的采集观测方法,以确保获得高品质的地震资料。
The igneous rock has developed in shallow layer and near-surface layer in Fushan sag of Hainan,and the geological condition is very complex in sea and land areas,these factors lead to multiple waves and refraction waves,it gets difficult to image the seismic data,and the seismic data are characterized by low resolution,low signal-to-noise ratio and poor quality.In order to solve these seismic acquisition problems,this paper firstly analyses the shortages of old acquisition methods to find out the relationships between the igneous rock and seismic data quality.Then according to the features of the target layers,the special geological and geographical conditions in this area,this paper selects the optimization method and demonstrates different acquisition parameters.Finally it ascertains the ideal observation system featuring in big offset,high fold and small binning.In order to guarantee the shot energy,to avoid the multiple waves and to get high quality seismic data,the shot is under the near-surface weathering layer and the igneous rock layer with different folds in different areas.
The igneous rock has developed in shallow layer and near-surface layer in Fushan sag of Hainan,and the geological condition is very complex in sea and land areas,these factors lead to multiple waves and refraction waves,it gets difficult to image the seismic data,and the seismic data are characterized by low resolution,low signal-to-noise ratio and poor quality.In order to solve these seismic acquisition problems,this paper firstly analyses the shortages of old acquisition methods to find out the relationships between the igneous rock and seismic data quality.Then according to the features of the target layers,the special geological and geographical conditions in this area,this paper selects the optimization method and demonstrates different acquisition parameters.Finally it ascertains the ideal observation system featuring in big offset,high fold and small binning.In order to guarantee the shot energy,to avoid the multiple waves and to get high quality seismic data,the shot is under the near-surface weathering layer and the igneous rock layer with different folds in different areas.
引文
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[10]王勇,程金星,庞全康,等.弹性波正演技术在地震采集中的应用[J].小型油气田,2007,12(4):21～25.
[11]张军华,郑旭刚,王伟,等.地震采集技术新进展[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):373～380.
[12]李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134～141.
[13]赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):119～122.
[2]石彦民,吴炜强,刘菊,等.福山凹陷浅表层火山岩对地震资料品质的影响浅析[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):9～25.
[3]丁建荣,毛凤鸣,郝天珧.表层火成岩覆盖地区的表层结构调查[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):872～878.
[4]李美俊,卢鸿,王铁冠,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷岩浆活动与CO2成藏的关系[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(1):55～59.
[5]张秉良,洪汉净,史兰斌,等.琼北火山喷发物风化特征的研究与应用[J].地震地质,2003,25(3):430～435.
[6]熊金良,狄帮让,岳英,等.基于地震物理模拟的采集脚印分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):493～497.
[7]石彦民,刘菊,张梅珠,等.海南福山凹陷油气勘探实践与认识[J].华南地震,2007,27(3):57～68.
[8]尹吴海,丁晓勇,甄文胜,等.柴达木盆地砾石覆盖区地震采集技术与应用效果[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):43～45.
[9]尹吴海,甄文胜,魏国显,等.三维地震采集观测系统设计技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):111～118.
[10]王勇,程金星,庞全康,等.弹性波正演技术在地震采集中的应用[J].小型油气田,2007,12(4):21～25.
[11]张军华,郑旭刚,王伟,等.地震采集技术新进展[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):373～380.
[12]李万万.基于波动方程正演的地震观测系统设计[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):134～141.
[13]赵殿栋,郭建,王咸彬,等.基于模型面向目标的观测系统优化设计技术[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):119～122.
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