三峡工程基岩爆破振动特性的试验研究
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摘要
以三峡工程坝基岩体开挖爆破为背景 ,在弱风化花岗岩底板内进行了 6次现场爆破试验 ,测量出距爆源不等距离处的 36组地震波形。通过频域与统计分析发现 ,岩石质点振动主频率与药量、距离成反比关系 ;地震波作用时间与爆破药量成正比关系 ,而与距离成反比关系。应用神经网络理论建立的基于爆破地震效应先验知识的网络模型 (PKFN)能很好地描述爆破地震波的衰减规律 ,其计算平均相对误差仅为 3 .5 %。用地震层析成象方法 (CT)较准确地测定出了岩体爆破松裂区边界 ,并结合PKFN模型得到了三峡工程坝基岩体的临界质点振动速度范围 13 .816 .6cm/s。
Taking the excavation blasting of bed rock mass in Sania Project as the background, six blasting experiments have been done at the bottom of weak weathering granite in Sanxia dam and the 36 sets of seismic waveform at different positions away from the explosion sources are measured. Through the analyses of both frequency and statistics, it is found that vibration frequency varies inversely as both the charge weight and distance away from the explosion source and that the duration of seismic waves varies directly as the charge weight and inversely as the distance. The attenuation law of seismic waves is determined by applying the neural network theory. Meanwhile,the microcracking zone boundaries of rock mass in blasting are mersured using the computer tomography (CT) and their corresponding critical vibration velocities of rock particles are also calculated which are 13.8～16.6 cm/s.
Taking the excavation blasting of bed rock mass in Sania Project as the background, six blasting experiments have been done at the bottom of weak weathering granite in Sanxia dam and the 36 sets of seismic waveform at different positions away from the explosion sources are measured. Through the analyses of both frequency and statistics, it is found that vibration frequency varies inversely as both the charge weight and distance away from the explosion source and that the duration of seismic waves varies directly as the charge weight and inversely as the distance. The attenuation law of seismic waves is determined by applying the neural network theory. Meanwhile,the microcracking zone boundaries of rock mass in blasting are mersured using the computer tomography (CT) and their corresponding critical vibration velocities of rock particles are also calculated which are 13.8～16.6 cm/s.
引文
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[2 ] 钮强 .岩石爆破机理 [M].沈阳 :东北工学院出版社 ,1990 .137— 16 5 .
[3 ] LANGEFORSV .TheModernTechniqueofRockBlasting[M].NewYork :JohnWileyandSonsInc ,196 7.372— 389.
[4 ] 亨利奇J .爆炸动力学及其应用 [M].熊建国 ,等 .北京 :科学出版社 ,1987.5 0 4— 5 0 8.
[5 ] WIDROWB ,MICHAELAL .30YearsofAdaptiveNetworks:Perceptron ,MadalineandBackpropagation[J].ProceedingsoftheIEEE ,1990 .78(9) :1415— 144 2 .
[6 ] JONESLK .ConstructiveApproximationsforNeuralNetworksbySigmoidalFunctions[J].ProceedingsoftheIEEE ,1990 ,78(10 ) :15 86— 15 89.
[7] 张继春 ,蔡德所 ,胡铁松 .基于神经网络理论的岩体爆破效应预测 [J].东北大学学报 ,1995 ,16 (增刊 ) :10 1— 10 6 .
[8] JOHNPE .ApplicationsofAlgebraicReconstructionTechniquestoCrossholeSeismicData[J].Geophysics ,1985 ,5 0 (10 ) :15 6 6— 15 80 .
[9 ] WONGJ .CrossholeSeismologyandSeismicImagineinCrystallineRock[J].GeophysResLetter,1983,10 (8) :6 86— 6 89.
[10 ] 高鹏飞 ,聂运钧 .声波穿透层析成象技术及其工程应用 [J].长江科学院院报 ,1992 ,9(4 ) :33 - 39.
[11] 李张明 ,熊永红 ,刘润泽 .钻孔综合物探新技术在隔河岩工程应用研究 [J].长江科学院院报 ,1993,10 (3) :37- 43 .
[12 ] VIDALEJE .Finite diferenceCalculationofTraveltime[J].BullSeismicSocietyAmerica ,1988,(78) :2 0 6 2— 2 0 76 .
[13] NOLETG .SolvingandResolvingInadequateandNoisyTomographicSystems .[J].JComputationalPhysics ,1985 ,(6 1) :46 3— 482 .
[14] 宋霖平 .平方慢度射线追踪与非线性地震走时层析成象 [J].成都理工学院学报 ,1994,2 1(1) :10 7— 113 .
[15 ] ZHANGJi chun ,SONGLin ping .DeterminationofMicrocrackBoundaryResultingfromRockBlastingwithSeismicTraveltimeTomography[J].TransNonferrousMetSocChina ,1998,8(1) :15 4— 15 9.
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