川西凹陷孝泉地区3D3C量地震资料采集方法
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摘要
川西坳陷孝泉地区深层须家河组致密砂岩气藏属于典型非常规裂缝性气藏,储层识别、裂缝检测、含气性识别是气藏研究的重点和难点.转换波3D3C勘探可同时获得反映岩石骨架和各向异性特性的C波资料及反映骨架及流体特性的P波资料,因而适用于川西孝泉深层超致密裂缝性气藏.在3D3C地震勘探中,三维三分量地震采集方法是采集到高质量多分量原始资料的技术保障,本文重点研究这种采集方法.首先根据地球物理参数,结合地质任务要求,分析了三维三分量观测系统设计的方法及观测系统参数,然后根据分析结果和勘探目的层的实际情况设计了同时适合纵波勘探和转换波勘探的面元尺寸、最大和最小炮检距、接收线距、束间滚动距等参数并确定了三维三分量观测系统.该观测系统在孝泉地区资料采集中,获得的三分量资料波组特征清楚,同相轴连续,反射信息丰富;Z分量剖面和R分量剖面反射层次清楚,目的层反射特征明显,具有非常好的构造形态一致性.
The deep target XuJiahe group is belong to super dense sandstone and unconventional fracture type reservoir in the depression basin of west SiChuan province.By virtue of 3D3C seismic prospecting can acquire converted wave(which can describe rock frame and anisotropic features) and compressed wave(which can describe rock frame and fluid features) simultaneously,it has the both advantages of P-wave and C-wave,so it's favor of the deep target super dense and fracture type gas reservoir exploration.Through combined P-wave and C-wave data processing,inversion,multi wave attributes and azimuth analysis,S-wave splitting study and comprehensive interpretation,it can solves the identification of better gas reservoir and fracture prediction problems,and it also has potential identification capability in fluid features.For solving the super dense and fracture type gas reservoir prospecting problems,we perform multi-wave 3D3C seismic prospecting technology.Acquisition method in 3D3C seismic exploration is very important.In 3D converted-wave exploration,3D3C seismic acquisition method is the technical support to acquire high-quality multi-component original data under the condition of reasonable technique.Therefore,according to geophysical parameters,combined with the geological requirement,method for designing 3D3C geometry and parameters of geometry were analyzed. Then,Based on the results and the actual situation of exploration targets,some parameters fit for P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration were designed,such as the bin size,the maximum and minimum offsets,the receiver line distance,the swath rolling distance etc.And 3D3C geometry was defined.The geometry was used in Xiaoquan area,western Sichuan Depression and the acquired 3D3C data based on this geometry have clear and continuous events and abundant reflection information.There are high S/N ratio and resolution in the single shots.Therefore,there are clear reflection imaging,obvious reflection characteristics for the target and good consistency in structure form for both the Z section and the R.And we have acquired preferable effect in 3D3C data acquisition in Xiaoquan area which from the design of layouts.
The deep target XuJiahe group is belong to super dense sandstone and unconventional fracture type reservoir in the depression basin of west SiChuan province.By virtue of 3D3C seismic prospecting can acquire converted wave(which can describe rock frame and anisotropic features) and compressed wave(which can describe rock frame and fluid features) simultaneously,it has the both advantages of P-wave and C-wave,so it's favor of the deep target super dense and fracture type gas reservoir exploration.Through combined P-wave and C-wave data processing,inversion,multi wave attributes and azimuth analysis,S-wave splitting study and comprehensive interpretation,it can solves the identification of better gas reservoir and fracture prediction problems,and it also has potential identification capability in fluid features.For solving the super dense and fracture type gas reservoir prospecting problems,we perform multi-wave 3D3C seismic prospecting technology.Acquisition method in 3D3C seismic exploration is very important.In 3D converted-wave exploration,3D3C seismic acquisition method is the technical support to acquire high-quality multi-component original data under the condition of reasonable technique.Therefore,according to geophysical parameters,combined with the geological requirement,method for designing 3D3C geometry and parameters of geometry were analyzed. Then,Based on the results and the actual situation of exploration targets,some parameters fit for P-wave exploration and converted-wave exploration were designed,such as the bin size,the maximum and minimum offsets,the receiver line distance,the swath rolling distance etc.And 3D3C geometry was defined.The geometry was used in Xiaoquan area,western Sichuan Depression and the acquired 3D3C data based on this geometry have clear and continuous events and abundant reflection information.There are high S/N ratio and resolution in the single shots.Therefore,there are clear reflection imaging,obvious reflection characteristics for the target and good consistency in structure form for both the Z section and the R.And we have acquired preferable effect in 3D3C data acquisition in Xiaoquan area which from the design of layouts.
引文
[1]赵邦六,多分量地震勘探技术理论与实践.北京:石油工业出版,2007.Zhao Bangliu.Multi-component Seismic Exploration TechnologyTheory and Practice.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(inChinese),2007.
[2]Gaiser James,Moldoveanu Nick.Multicomponent technology:the players,problems,applications,and trends.The LeadingEdge,2001,20(9):974-977.
[3]Mujis R,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K,Data drivenadaptived composition of multicomponent seabed recordings[J].Geophysics,2004,69,1329-1337.
[4]Donald N B,Aleander S C,John M N,GX Technology.VectorFidelity of Land Multicomponent Measurements in the Contextof the Earth Sensor System:Misconceptions and Implications[J].SEG/Houston 2005annual meeting,904-908.
[5]潘树林,高磊,吴波等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):932-938.Pan Shulin,Gao Lei,Wu Bo etal,Application on thesuperposition method of the first arrival in P-SV staticcorrection in the Xuanhan area.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2010,25(3):932-938.
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[7]黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):173-178.Huang Z Y,Tan D L,Xu Y M.Application analysis of threecomponent digital sensorin Z Y oil field.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):173-178.
[8]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟等.多分量地震波波场分解研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):504-508.Hu T Y,Zhang G J,Zhao W,etal.Decomposition ofmulticomponent seismic wave fields.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(3):504-508.
[9]芦俊,王赟,赵伟.应用三分量地震数据反演煤系地层孔隙含水量[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1734-1740.Lu Jun,Wang yun,Zhao wei.Quantitative prediction ofwater content in porosity in coal measure strata using three-component seismic data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1734-1740.
[10]曹国滨,李云伟,崔汝国.垦71地区多波采集方法研究及应用效果.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1510-1516.Cao Guobin,Li Yunwei,Gui Ruguo.The multi-wave seismicacquisition method and applied result in Ken 71area.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1510-1516.
[11]王建民等.多分量地震勘探技术在大庆探区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):426-430Wang Jianming,etal.Application of multi-component seismicexploration in Daqing prospecting zone.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2006,41(4):426-430.
[12]唐建明,马昭军.宽方位三维三分量地震资料采集观测系统设计——以新场气田三维三分量勘探为例.石油物探,2007,46(3):310-318.Tang Jianming,Ma Zhaojun.Design of wide-azimuth 3D3Cseismic data acquisition geometry-Case study of 3D3Cexploration in Xinchang gas field.Geophysical ProspectingFor Petroleum,2007,46(3):310-318.
[13]吴海成.中国物探仪器发展博览——地球物理学会60年发展之见证.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1338-1343.WU Hai-cheng.The progress of the instruments ofexploration geophysics in China an overview of the past sixtyyears of CGS.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(4):1338-1343.
[14]张永刚等.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155.Zhang Yonggang.Some key problems in the multicomponentseismic exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):151-155.
[15]杨继友,刘胜,张伟宏.多波三分量三维采集技术在川西地区的应用.杭州:中石化高精度三维技术研讨会,2009.10.Yang Jiyou,Liu Sheng,Zhang Weihong,Wen Xuekang.3D3Cdata acquisition technology application in West Area ofSi Chuan Province.Hangzhou:The research seminar onHigh precision 3-D seismic Technology in Sinopec.
[16]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华等.转换波在储层预测中的研究分析.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):282-287.Shan Gang-yi,Han Li-guo,Zhang Li-hua etal.Research andanalysis of converted wave in reservoir prediction,Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(1):282-287.
[17]刘洋等.三维三分量地震勘探观测系统设计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):549-555.Liu Yang,etal.Design Method for Setup of 3D3Cseismicexploration.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(6):549-555.
[18]董敏煜.多波多分量地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Dong Mingyu.Seismic Prospecting by Multi-wave and Multi-component.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese),2002.
[19]李天成,牛滨华,孙春岩,刘国庆,秦文英.VTI介质中P-SV波转换点与各向异性参数关系.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1522-1526.LI Tian-cheng,NIU Bin-hua,SUN Chun-yan,LIU Guo-qing.The relationship of VTI media P-SV wave converted Pointand anisotropy parameters.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1522-1526.
[20]冯晅,舒梦珵,王兆国,刘财,王典,王世煜.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1556-1559.Feng X,Shu M C,Wang Z G,Liu C,Wang D,Wang S Y.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P-SV seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1556-1559.
[2]Gaiser James,Moldoveanu Nick.Multicomponent technology:the players,problems,applications,and trends.The LeadingEdge,2001,20(9):974-977.
[3]Mujis R,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K,Data drivenadaptived composition of multicomponent seabed recordings[J].Geophysics,2004,69,1329-1337.
[4]Donald N B,Aleander S C,John M N,GX Technology.VectorFidelity of Land Multicomponent Measurements in the Contextof the Earth Sensor System:Misconceptions and Implications[J].SEG/Houston 2005annual meeting,904-908.
[5]潘树林,高磊,吴波等.初至叠加法在宣汉地区转换波静校正中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):932-938.Pan Shulin,Gao Lei,Wu Bo etal,Application on thesuperposition method of the first arrival in P-SV staticcorrection in the Xuanhan area.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2010,25(3):932-938.
[6]王光杰,陈东,赵爱华.多波多分量地震勘探技术.地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):54-61.Wang G J,chen D,Zhao A H.Multicomponent seismicexploration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(1):54-61.
[7]黄中玉,谈大龙,徐亦鸣.三分量数字检波器在ZY油田应用效果分析.地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):173-178.Huang Z Y,Tan D L,Xu Y M.Application analysis of threecomponent digital sensorin Z Y oil field.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):173-178.
[8]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟等.多分量地震波波场分解研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):504-508.Hu T Y,Zhang G J,Zhao W,etal.Decomposition ofmulticomponent seismic wave fields.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(3):504-508.
[9]芦俊,王赟,赵伟.应用三分量地震数据反演煤系地层孔隙含水量[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1734-1740.Lu Jun,Wang yun,Zhao wei.Quantitative prediction ofwater content in porosity in coal measure strata using three-component seismic data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1734-1740.
[10]曹国滨,李云伟,崔汝国.垦71地区多波采集方法研究及应用效果.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1510-1516.Cao Guobin,Li Yunwei,Gui Ruguo.The multi-wave seismicacquisition method and applied result in Ken 71area.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1510-1516.
[11]王建民等.多分量地震勘探技术在大庆探区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):426-430Wang Jianming,etal.Application of multi-component seismicexploration in Daqing prospecting zone.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2006,41(4):426-430.
[12]唐建明,马昭军.宽方位三维三分量地震资料采集观测系统设计——以新场气田三维三分量勘探为例.石油物探,2007,46(3):310-318.Tang Jianming,Ma Zhaojun.Design of wide-azimuth 3D3Cseismic data acquisition geometry-Case study of 3D3Cexploration in Xinchang gas field.Geophysical ProspectingFor Petroleum,2007,46(3):310-318.
[13]吴海成.中国物探仪器发展博览——地球物理学会60年发展之见证.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1338-1343.WU Hai-cheng.The progress of the instruments ofexploration geophysics in China an overview of the past sixtyyears of CGS.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(4):1338-1343.
[14]张永刚等.目前多分量地震勘探中的几个关键问题.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):151-155.Zhang Yonggang.Some key problems in the multicomponentseismic exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):151-155.
[15]杨继友,刘胜,张伟宏.多波三分量三维采集技术在川西地区的应用.杭州:中石化高精度三维技术研讨会,2009.10.Yang Jiyou,Liu Sheng,Zhang Weihong,Wen Xuekang.3D3Cdata acquisition technology application in West Area ofSi Chuan Province.Hangzhou:The research seminar onHigh precision 3-D seismic Technology in Sinopec.
[16]单刚义,韩立国,张丽华等.转换波在储层预测中的研究分析.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):282-287.Shan Gang-yi,Han Li-guo,Zhang Li-hua etal.Research andanalysis of converted wave in reservoir prediction,Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(1):282-287.
[17]刘洋等.三维三分量地震勘探观测系统设计方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):549-555.Liu Yang,etal.Design Method for Setup of 3D3Cseismicexploration.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(6):549-555.
[18]董敏煜.多波多分量地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Dong Mingyu.Seismic Prospecting by Multi-wave and Multi-component.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese),2002.
[19]李天成,牛滨华,孙春岩,刘国庆,秦文英.VTI介质中P-SV波转换点与各向异性参数关系.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1522-1526.LI Tian-cheng,NIU Bin-hua,SUN Chun-yan,LIU Guo-qing.The relationship of VTI media P-SV wave converted Pointand anisotropy parameters.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1522-1526.
[20]冯晅,舒梦珵,王兆国,刘财,王典,王世煜.P-P波和P-SV波联合AVO反演研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1556-1559.Feng X,Shu M C,Wang Z G,Liu C,Wang D,Wang S Y.Joint AVO inversion using P-P and P-SV seismic data.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1556-1559.
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