汶川地震后四川省都江堰市龙池镇群发泥石流灾害
|
摘要
在2008-05-12汶川地震后的极震区暴发了多处群发性泥石流灾害,龙溪河流域的龙池"8.13"群发泥石流灾害就是其中之一。龙溪河流域在2010-08-13遭遇强降雨过程,流域内共有45处暴发泥石流,其中34处沟谷泥石流,11处坡面泥石流,泥石流冲出总量共334×104 m3,造成大量泥沙淤积在龙溪河下游河道内,该段河床平均淤高5 m。诱发"8.13"群发泥石流的最大1 h降雨量达75 mm,相当于20 a一遇的1 h降雨量。"8.13"群发泥石流中88.9%的泥石流活动集中在汶川地震发震断裂带附近3 km范围内,仅有11.1%的泥石流分布在距汶川地震发震断裂带3～5 km范围。除受汶川地震发震断裂带影响外,泥石流分布还受地层岩性和地形的影响。龙池群发泥石流以粘性泥石流为主,占总数的88.9%,而稀性泥石流很少,仅占总数的11.1%。小规模泥石流占多数,达到总数的60.0%;大规模泥石流很少,仅占总数的11.1%,其他为中等规模泥石流。泥石流流域主要为小流域,<1 km2的泥石流流域占多数,达到总数的68.9%;而>3 km2的泥石流流域很少,仅占总数的6.7%。龙溪河河道内的泥沙淤积受泥石流活动、主河道坡度和宽度的控制,河道上半段没有泥沙淤积,而下半段有大量泥沙淤积。龙溪河河道内淤积的泥沙颗粒粒径受沿岸泥石流流域岩性的影响,粒径从龙溪河上游到下游呈明显的从大到小的变化规律。龙溪河流域在遭遇较强降雨时还会暴发泥石流灾害;在汶川地震发震断裂带附近的山区,在暴雨激发下还有可能暴发群发性泥石流灾害。在雨季到来时需要提高警惕,预防地震次生泥石流灾害,特别要提防不易被发现的小流域泥石流灾害,做好防灾预案和预警报工作,最大程度地减轻泥石流灾害。
Many group debris flow hazards were triggered by subsequent rainstorm in the Wenchuan Earthquake area after the main shock.Group debris flow hazards in Longchi,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province is one of these disasters.There were 45 debris flows triggered by heavy rainfall in the catchment of Longxi River on August 13,2010.In the all 45 debris flows,there were 34 channelized debris flows and 11 debris flows on the slope.The total volume of debris flow was 3.34×106 m3 and plenty of sediment was deposited in the downstream of Longxi River.The rainfall which triggered the debris flows in Longxi River catchment on August 13,2010 was 75 mm in one hour.It was the same as one hour rainfall of twenty years return period.Most debris flows were distributing in 3 km from the triggering belt of Wenchuan Earthquake,only 11.1% of total debris flows were located in 3-5 km from the triggering belt.The distribution of debris flows were also controlled by the rock characteristics and geomorphology.Most of debris flows are viscous debris flows,only 11.1% of total debris flows were less viscous debris flows.There were 60.0% small scale debris flows and 11.1% large scale debris flows in total debris flows.Most catchments of debris flow were small catchment,68.9% of total catchments was less than 1 km2,only 6.7% of total catchments was larger than 3 km2.The sediment deposited in Longxi River was controlled by the activity of debris flows,the width of channel,and the slope of channel: there was no sediment deposited in the upper stream of Longxi River,but there was plenty of sediment deposited in the downstream.The size of sediment deposited in Longxi River was partly decided by the rock characteristics of debris flow catchments,as the results the particle sizes were decreasing from upper stream to downstream of Longxi River.The debris flow hazards will be triggered again when it is heavy rainfall in Longxi River catchment.To reduce the hazards of debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area,forecast and prevention work must be done in the next raining season.
Many group debris flow hazards were triggered by subsequent rainstorm in the Wenchuan Earthquake area after the main shock.Group debris flow hazards in Longchi,Dujiangyan,Sichuan Province is one of these disasters.There were 45 debris flows triggered by heavy rainfall in the catchment of Longxi River on August 13,2010.In the all 45 debris flows,there were 34 channelized debris flows and 11 debris flows on the slope.The total volume of debris flow was 3.34×106 m3 and plenty of sediment was deposited in the downstream of Longxi River.The rainfall which triggered the debris flows in Longxi River catchment on August 13,2010 was 75 mm in one hour.It was the same as one hour rainfall of twenty years return period.Most debris flows were distributing in 3 km from the triggering belt of Wenchuan Earthquake,only 11.1% of total debris flows were located in 3-5 km from the triggering belt.The distribution of debris flows were also controlled by the rock characteristics and geomorphology.Most of debris flows are viscous debris flows,only 11.1% of total debris flows were less viscous debris flows.There were 60.0% small scale debris flows and 11.1% large scale debris flows in total debris flows.Most catchments of debris flow were small catchment,68.9% of total catchments was less than 1 km2,only 6.7% of total catchments was larger than 3 km2.The sediment deposited in Longxi River was controlled by the activity of debris flows,the width of channel,and the slope of channel: there was no sediment deposited in the upper stream of Longxi River,but there was plenty of sediment deposited in the downstream.The size of sediment deposited in Longxi River was partly decided by the rock characteristics of debris flow catchments,as the results the particle sizes were decreasing from upper stream to downstream of Longxi River.The debris flow hazards will be triggered again when it is heavy rainfall in Longxi River catchment.To reduce the hazards of debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area,forecast and prevention work must be done in the next raining season.
引文
[1]Xu Qiang.The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows in SichuanProvince:characteristics,genetic mechanism and suggestions[J].2010,Journal of Engineering Geology,18(5):596-608[许强,四川省8.13特大泥石流灾害、成因与启示[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):596-608]
[2]Shen Junhui,Zhu Rongchen,Lin Weiguo,et al.Possibility geologicalanalysis of Gangou debris flow in Longchi Town in Dujiangyan in-duced by the Earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2008,26(5):513-517[沈军辉,朱容辰,刘维国,等,5.12汶川地震诱发都江堰龙池镇干沟泥石流可能性地质分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(5):513-517]
[3]Zhang Ziguang,Zhang Zhiming,Zhang Shunbin.Formation condi-tions and dynamics features of the debris flow in Bayi Gully in Du-jiangyan County[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2010,21(1):34-38[张自光,张志明,张顺斌.都江堰市八一沟泥石流形成条件与动力学特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):34-38]
[4]Wang Shige,Zhong Dunlun,Xie Hong.Debris Flow disaster and itscontrol on northern slope of Litoujian Hill of Mountain Lushan[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(6):33-36[王士革,钟敦伦,谢洪.庐山风景区犁头尖北坡泥石流及其防治[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(6):33-36]
[5]Tang Chuan,Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows in Bei-chuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered by rain stromon September 24,2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,18(6):751-758[唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758]
[2]Shen Junhui,Zhu Rongchen,Lin Weiguo,et al.Possibility geologicalanalysis of Gangou debris flow in Longchi Town in Dujiangyan in-duced by the Earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2008,26(5):513-517[沈军辉,朱容辰,刘维国,等,5.12汶川地震诱发都江堰龙池镇干沟泥石流可能性地质分析[J].山地学报,2008,26(5):513-517]
[3]Zhang Ziguang,Zhang Zhiming,Zhang Shunbin.Formation condi-tions and dynamics features of the debris flow in Bayi Gully in Du-jiangyan County[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2010,21(1):34-38[张自光,张志明,张顺斌.都江堰市八一沟泥石流形成条件与动力学特征分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(1):34-38]
[4]Wang Shige,Zhong Dunlun,Xie Hong.Debris Flow disaster and itscontrol on northern slope of Litoujian Hill of Mountain Lushan[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(6):33-36[王士革,钟敦伦,谢洪.庐山风景区犁头尖北坡泥石流及其防治[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(6):33-36]
[5]Tang Chuan,Liang Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows in Bei-chuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered by rain stromon September 24,2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,18(6):751-758[唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心