空间电磁卫星的粒子探测与汶川地震
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摘要
通过电磁卫星研究地震与空间电离层和磁层的电磁场等参数的变化关系作为地面地震预报研究的补充,是近年来研究地震规律和预报方式的一个新的研究方向,研究空间带电粒子的相关特性是其中的一个重要内容.分析了法国DEMETER电磁卫星上的高能电子探测器在2008年间的探测数据,特别是在我国汶川地震前后的数据,研究了内辐射带高能电子在东西经度方向漂移的情况;地震前后汶川上空及不同经纬区域范围内空间电子能谱的变化;以及汶川地区的余震与空间电子通量在短时标上的关联.发现在90～600 keV能区,90°E～110°E,47°N～49°N的汶川北部区域,地震当天与地震前后几天的能谱有明显差别;在VLF发射站引起的电子沉降带上的能谱在地震前有显著低能段涨高.
It's a beneficial supplement for ground study to use electromagnetic satellite to study the relation between earthquake and the transformation of electromagnetic field of space ionosphere and magnetosphere.This becomes a new study direction for studying theory and forecast of earthquake, in which studying the related speciality of space electriferous particles is an important content.We analyzed the data close-by Wenchuan earthquake (May 12, 2008) and the 2008 data detected by IDP, which was installed on board of the DEMETER satellite, developed by France.The electron drift in the inner radiation belt, the variation of the electron energy spectrum at different area including that of Wenchuan and the relation of the space electron flux and the aftershock in Wenchuan area were studied.We found that the spectrum at 90～600 keV energy range in the area (90°E～110°E, 47°N～49°N) on May 12 is obviously different from that of several days before and after.The low energy range spectrum at the VLF electron belt rised several days before the earthquake.
It's a beneficial supplement for ground study to use electromagnetic satellite to study the relation between earthquake and the transformation of electromagnetic field of space ionosphere and magnetosphere.This becomes a new study direction for studying theory and forecast of earthquake, in which studying the related speciality of space electriferous particles is an important content.We analyzed the data close-by Wenchuan earthquake (May 12, 2008) and the 2008 data detected by IDP, which was installed on board of the DEMETER satellite, developed by France.The electron drift in the inner radiation belt, the variation of the electron energy spectrum at different area including that of Wenchuan and the relation of the space electron flux and the aftershock in Wenchuan area were studied.We found that the spectrum at 90～600 keV energy range in the area (90°E～110°E, 47°N～49°N) on May 12 is obviously different from that of several days before and after.The low energy range spectrum at the VLF electron belt rised several days before the earthquake.
引文
[1] Chmyrev V M,Isaev N V,et al.Observation by space-borne detectors of electric fields and hydromagnetic waves in the ionosphere over an earthquake centre.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1989,57:110～114
[2] Parrot M,Lefeuvre F,Corcuff F Y,Godefory P.Observations of emissions at the time of earthquakes in the Kerguelen 1985 Modelling the ionospheric disturbance caused by an explosion on the ground.Ann.Geophys.,1985,3:695～704
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[5] Cussac T,Clair M A,Ultré-Guerard P,et al.The DEMETER microsatellite and ground segment.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54:413～427
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[8] 何宇飞,杨冬梅,陈化然等.DEMETER卫星探测到可能与汶川地震有关的地面VLF发射站信号的信噪比变化.中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4) :403～412 He Y F,Yang D M,Chen H R,et al.DEMETER satellite detected the transformation of the Signal-to-Noise of VLF signal from ground station,which may related with Wenchuan Earthquake.Science in China(Ser.D),2009 ,39(4) :403～412
[9] 2008年四川汶川8级地震的成因分析,中国地震局地质研究所,http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/beijing04． htm The analysis of the cause of Wenchuan magnitude 8 earthequake in 2008,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/beijing04． htm
[10] 曾中超,张蓓,方广有等,利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :11～19 Zeng Z C,Zhang B,Fang G Y,et al.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with Demeter data.,Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1) :11～19
[11] Sauvaud J A,Maggiolo R,Jacquey C,et al.Radiation belt electron precipitation due to VLF transmitters:Satellite observations.Geophys.Res.Lett,2008,35,L09101
[12] DEMETER data server,http ://demeter.cnrs-orleans.fr
[13] News and information about the Sun-Earth environment,http ://spaceweather.com
[2] Parrot M,Lefeuvre F,Corcuff F Y,Godefory P.Observations of emissions at the time of earthquakes in the Kerguelen 1985 Modelling the ionospheric disturbance caused by an explosion on the ground.Ann.Geophys.,1985,3:695～704
[3] Larkina V I,Migulin W,Molchanov O Aet al.Some statistical results on very low frequency radio wave emissions in the upper ionosphere over earthquake zones.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1989,57:100～109
[4] Aleksandrin S Yu,Galper A M,Grishantzeva L A,et al.High-energy charged particle bursts in the near-Earth space as earthquake precursors.Ann.Geophys.,2003,21:597～602
[5] Cussac T,Clair M A,Ultré-Guerard P,et al.The DEMETER microsatellite and ground segment.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54:413～427
[6] Lasoutte D,Brochot J Y,Carvalho D De,et al.The DEMETER Science MisSion Center.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54:428～440
[7] Sauvaud J A,Moreau T,Maggiolo R,et al.High-energy electron detection onboard DEMETER :The IDP spectrometer,descripsion and first results on the inner belt.Planetary and Space Science,2006,54 :502～511
[8] 何宇飞,杨冬梅,陈化然等.DEMETER卫星探测到可能与汶川地震有关的地面VLF发射站信号的信噪比变化.中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4) :403～412 He Y F,Yang D M,Chen H R,et al.DEMETER satellite detected the transformation of the Signal-to-Noise of VLF signal from ground station,which may related with Wenchuan Earthquake.Science in China(Ser.D),2009 ,39(4) :403～412
[9] 2008年四川汶川8级地震的成因分析,中国地震局地质研究所,http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/beijing04． htm The analysis of the cause of Wenchuan magnitude 8 earthequake in 2008,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/beijing04． htm
[10] 曾中超,张蓓,方广有等,利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :11～19 Zeng Z C,Zhang B,Fang G Y,et al.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with Demeter data.,Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1) :11～19
[11] Sauvaud J A,Maggiolo R,Jacquey C,et al.Radiation belt electron precipitation due to VLF transmitters:Satellite observations.Geophys.Res.Lett,2008,35,L09101
[12] DEMETER data server,http ://demeter.cnrs-orleans.fr
[13] News and information about the Sun-Earth environment,http ://spaceweather.com
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