希尔兹曲线统一表达式及其在唐家山堰塞湖下游河道冲刷防治中的应用
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摘要
在研究地震堰塞湖泄洪导致的下游河道冲刷问题时,所涉及的一个最基本的问题就是泥沙颗粒起动的问题。在泥沙起动切应力的研究中,希尔兹曲线无疑是一个经典并且已经被水利工作者广泛使用。但是由于希尔兹关系曲线中,纵、横坐标都包含摩阻流速,因而实际应用中会很不方便。主要是要建立一个希尔兹曲线的确切表达式,以便解决希尔兹曲线使用困难的问题。表达式是通过一个经验公式的形式给出的,公式首先要求是连续函数,在大小沙粒雷诺数情况下其能自动简化为传统公式,且在整个沙粒雷诺数变化范围内其能够与实验数据吻合,作者模型与其它已存模型比较结果显示作者模型具有最好的精度。最后将作者模型应用于唐家山堰塞湖下游河道冲刷防治中。
The incipient motion of sediment is very important in exploring the mechanism of scouring induced by the dam break.An empirical formulation of the Shields diagram for incipient motion of sediment was developed,which was approximately equal to the traditional formula for very large and small Re* c,respectively.Compared with other formulas and experimental data,this formula fits experimental data best and the formula structure also can be acceptable.Finally,the model was applied in the scouring prevention of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake downstream Channel.
The incipient motion of sediment is very important in exploring the mechanism of scouring induced by the dam break.An empirical formulation of the Shields diagram for incipient motion of sediment was developed,which was approximately equal to the traditional formula for very large and small Re* c,respectively.Compared with other formulas and experimental data,this formula fits experimental data best and the formula structure also can be acceptable.Finally,the model was applied in the scouring prevention of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake downstream Channel.
引文
[1]Liu N,Zhang J,Lin W,et al.Draining Tangjiashan Barrier Lake after Wenchuan earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(4):801-809.
[2]Yang Fengguang,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Study on the Iincipient velocity of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake down-stream area sediment[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):84-89.[杨奉广,刘兴年,黄尔,等.唐家山堰塞湖下游河床泥沙起动流速研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):84-89.]
[3]Shields A F.Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung[R].Mitteilung26,Preussische Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau,Berlin.
[4]Kennedy J F.The albert shields story[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):766-772.
[5]Buffington J M.The legend of A.F.Shields[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(4):376-387.
[6]Hager W.Shields’entrainment criterion in bridge hydraulics[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2002,128(5):538-542.
[7]Chien N,Wan Z.Mechanics of sediment transport[M].ASCE Press,Reston,Va,1999:311-354.
[8]Vanoni V.Sedimentation engineering,ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice,No.54[M].Reston,Virginia:ASCE Press,2006:54-61.
[9]Garcia M.Sedimentation engineering processes,measurements,modeling and practice,ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice,No.110[M].Reston,Virginia:ASCE Press,2008:44-60.
[10]Whitehouse R,Soulsby R,Damgaard J.Discussion of inception of sediment transport on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2000,126(7):553-555.
[11]Yalin M,Silva A.Fluvial processes[M].IAHR Monograph,IAHR,Delft,The Netherlands,2001:52-73.
[12]Cao Z,Pender G,Meng J.Explicit formulation of the shields diagram for incipient motion of sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(10):1097-1099.
[13]Yalin M.Mechanics of sediment transport[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1977:75-111.
[14]Yalin M,Karahan E.Inception of sediment transport[J].Journal of Hydraulic Division,ASCE,1979,105(11):1433-1443.
[15]Pilotti M,Menduni G.Beginning of sediment transport of incoherent grains in shallow shear flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,IAHR,2001,39(2):115-124.
[16]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.唐家山堰塞坝整治方案可行性研究报告[R].成都:中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,2008.
[17]Wu B,Molinas A,Julien P Y.Bed-material load computations for nonuniform sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2004,130(10):1002-1012.
[2]Yang Fengguang,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Study on the Iincipient velocity of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake down-stream area sediment[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):84-89.[杨奉广,刘兴年,黄尔,等.唐家山堰塞湖下游河床泥沙起动流速研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):84-89.]
[3]Shields A F.Anwendung der Aehnlichkeitsmechanik und der Turbulenzforschung auf die Geschiebebewegung[R].Mitteilung26,Preussische Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau und Schiffbau,Berlin.
[4]Kennedy J F.The albert shields story[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1995,121(11):766-772.
[5]Buffington J M.The legend of A.F.Shields[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(4):376-387.
[6]Hager W.Shields’entrainment criterion in bridge hydraulics[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2002,128(5):538-542.
[7]Chien N,Wan Z.Mechanics of sediment transport[M].ASCE Press,Reston,Va,1999:311-354.
[8]Vanoni V.Sedimentation engineering,ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice,No.54[M].Reston,Virginia:ASCE Press,2006:54-61.
[9]Garcia M.Sedimentation engineering processes,measurements,modeling and practice,ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice,No.110[M].Reston,Virginia:ASCE Press,2008:44-60.
[10]Whitehouse R,Soulsby R,Damgaard J.Discussion of inception of sediment transport on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2000,126(7):553-555.
[11]Yalin M,Silva A.Fluvial processes[M].IAHR Monograph,IAHR,Delft,The Netherlands,2001:52-73.
[12]Cao Z,Pender G,Meng J.Explicit formulation of the shields diagram for incipient motion of sediment[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(10):1097-1099.
[13]Yalin M.Mechanics of sediment transport[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1977:75-111.
[14]Yalin M,Karahan E.Inception of sediment transport[J].Journal of Hydraulic Division,ASCE,1979,105(11):1433-1443.
[15]Pilotti M,Menduni G.Beginning of sediment transport of incoherent grains in shallow shear flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,IAHR,2001,39(2):115-124.
[16]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.唐家山堰塞坝整治方案可行性研究报告[R].成都:中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,2008.
[17]Wu B,Molinas A,Julien P Y.Bed-material load computations for nonuniform sediments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2004,130(10):1002-1012.
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