基于卸荷和抗震分析理论的大岗山坝肩边坡锚固优化研究
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摘要
基于卸荷岩体的理论和方法,对大岗山水电站坝肩边坡进行研究。以大型通用有限元程序ADINA为计算平台,对比分析坝肩边坡卸荷后,不同地震加速度及不同锚固长度和锚固吨位在卸荷条件下关键点的位移和应力以及塑性区的变化规律,认为边坡开挖变形由两部分组成,一部分为卸荷回弹,另一部分是由于大吨位锚索施加后产生的朝向坡内的压缩变形。研究表明,由于锚索穿过V岩体底部界线,在可能的滑坡剪出口形成强大的阻滑键,增加锚索长度或吨位均可有效地减小坝肩塑性区,地震加速度为0.1g和0.15g时,在各加固吨位下均可能形成塑性区的贯通;在不同的地震加速度下,受不同锚固长度和锚固力影响,不同关键点处水平向位移呈现线性变化和非线性变化,非线性关系中的拐点应重点关注;若要减少岩体塑性区,相同比例下增大锚固长度效果更好。为了有效减少在高地震烈度时边坡塑性区的发育,建议采用增加120%的锚固长度。
The Dagangshan hydropower station dam abutment slope stability has been studied based on the theory of unloading rock mass.Based on the large-scale universal finite element program ADINA,for the conditions of different earthquake accelerations,different anchoring lengths and tonnages of unloading dam abutment slope,the displacements of key points,stresses and plastic zones change rule are comparatively analyzed;and it is pointed out that the slope deformations are composed of two parts;one part is unloading rebound,the other part is the compressive deformation of inner facing slope induced by applying large tonnage anchors.Research shows that because of the cable through the V-shaped rock bottom line,in the possible shear zone of landslide there formed a strong resistance sliding key,so that increasing cable length or tonnage can effectively reduce the plastic zone of the abutment;for accelerations of 0.1g and 0.15g in the earthquake,in different reinforcements of tonnages,may form transfixion of plastic zone.Under different earthquake accelerations effected by different anchorage length and anchoring force,the horizontal displacements of different key points presented linearly and nonlinearly changing;inflection point in the nonlinear relationship should be paid attention to.To reduce the plastic zone of rock mass,it is better to increase anchorage length in the same proportion.In order to effectively reduce the plastic zone development during strong earthquake,the 120% increase in anchor length is suggested.
The Dagangshan hydropower station dam abutment slope stability has been studied based on the theory of unloading rock mass.Based on the large-scale universal finite element program ADINA,for the conditions of different earthquake accelerations,different anchoring lengths and tonnages of unloading dam abutment slope,the displacements of key points,stresses and plastic zones change rule are comparatively analyzed;and it is pointed out that the slope deformations are composed of two parts;one part is unloading rebound,the other part is the compressive deformation of inner facing slope induced by applying large tonnage anchors.Research shows that because of the cable through the V-shaped rock bottom line,in the possible shear zone of landslide there formed a strong resistance sliding key,so that increasing cable length or tonnage can effectively reduce the plastic zone of the abutment;for accelerations of 0.1g and 0.15g in the earthquake,in different reinforcements of tonnages,may form transfixion of plastic zone.Under different earthquake accelerations effected by different anchorage length and anchoring force,the horizontal displacements of different key points presented linearly and nonlinearly changing;inflection point in the nonlinear relationship should be paid attention to.To reduce the plastic zone of rock mass,it is better to increase anchorage length in the same proportion.In order to effectively reduce the plastic zone development during strong earthquake,the 120% increase in anchor length is suggested.
引文
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[3]张发明,贾志欣,陈祖煜.开挖边坡随机楔体稳定分析与加锚优化方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,15(5):15-18.ZHANG Fa-ming,JIA Zhi-xin,CHEN Zu-yu.3D random wedge stability analysis and anchorage optimization in rock slope[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2002,15(5):15-18.
[4]杜飞,王后裕,言志信.建筑基坑与永久边坡一体工程的锚固优化设计[J].工程勘察,2004,41(6):4-6.DU fei,WANG Hou-yu,YAN Zhi-xin.Building foundation and the permanent slope one project anchoring optimization design[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2004,41(6):4-6.
[5]韦立德,叶志华,陈从新,等.一种锚杆计算模型及其在岩坡锚杆支护中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):732-738.WEI Li-de,YE Zhi-hua,CHEN Cong-xin,et al.Effective calculation method of bolts and its application in rock slopes anchored by bolts[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(5):732-738.
[6]唐红梅,翁其能.岩体边坡最优锚固方向研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000,19(2):90-93.TANG Hong-mei,WENG Qi-neng.Research on optimal anchorage direction of rock mass slope[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong Institute,2000,19(2):90-93.
[7]王宇,魏献忠,邵莲芬.路堑边坡锚固防护参数的响应面优化设计[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(7):19-23.WANG Yu,WEI Xian-zhong,SHAO Lian-fen.Response surface optimization design for cutting slope anchoring parameter[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(7):19-23.
[8]余世刚,袁坤.不良复杂地质边坡锚固成孔技术[J].中国高新技术企业,2011,18(4):75-77.YU Shi-gang,YUAN Kun.Adverse complicated geological slope anchor into the hole technology[J].China's High Technology Enterprises,2011,18(4):75-77.
[9]陈昌富,成晓炜.双滑块边坡锚固系统时变可靠性分析[J].岩土力学,2010,33(1):197-203.CHEN Chang-fu,CHENG Xiao-wei.Time-varying reliability analysis of anchor system of rock slopes with double slide blocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,33(1):197-203.
[10]侣赞,王晖.岩石边坡锚固机理研究综述[J].水利科技与经济,2005,11(8):467-469.SI Yun,WANG Hui.Review of study for rock slope anchorage mechanism[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2005,11(8):467-469.
[11]李建林,王乐华,刘杰,等.岩石边坡工程[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[12]哈秋舲,李建林,张永兴,等.节理岩体卸荷非线性岩体力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[13]黄河勘测规划设计有限公司,中国水利水电科学研究院.SL386-2007水利水电工程边坡设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
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