土石坝坝顶加固的永久变形机理及其离心模型试验验证
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摘要
首先介绍了汶川特大地震中紫坪铺大坝永久变形原型观测的研究结果,根据紫坪铺大坝汶川地震实测结果,发现地震永久变形主要产生于大坝的上部,从地震永久变形的发生机理论证了坝顶加固技术的合理性与科学性.然后介绍了土石坝离心模型动力试验的研究成果,通过离心模型试验验证了坝顶加固的有效性与合理性.通过比较,表明离心模型试验得到的大坝变形分布形态、大坝外形轮廓变化、变形矢量等关键技术特性与墨西哥El Infiernillo土石坝及紫坪铺汶川地震实测结果吻合很好,证实了离心模型试验的技术优势.
To deal with the energy crisis,several large earth-rock-fill dams will be constructed in the western area,which is a high risk region of the strong earthquake.The mechanism study on anti-earthquake and disaster reduction is very important.In this paper,based on the monitoring data of Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam(CFRD) after Wenchuan earthquake,the permanent deformation mechanism of the top reinforcement of the earth-rock-fill dam is analyzed and the rationality of the top reinforcement technology has been proven by the dynamic centrifugal model test.The permanent deformation of the centrifugal model is also proven through comparison with the monitoring data of El Infiernillo dam in Mexico and Zipingpu CFRD.
To deal with the energy crisis,several large earth-rock-fill dams will be constructed in the western area,which is a high risk region of the strong earthquake.The mechanism study on anti-earthquake and disaster reduction is very important.In this paper,based on the monitoring data of Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam(CFRD) after Wenchuan earthquake,the permanent deformation mechanism of the top reinforcement of the earth-rock-fill dam is analyzed and the rationality of the top reinforcement technology has been proven by the dynamic centrifugal model test.The permanent deformation of the centrifugal model is also proven through comparison with the monitoring data of El Infiernillo dam in Mexico and Zipingpu CFRD.
引文
[1]水利部紫坪铺大坝现场专家组.“5.12”地震后紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝安全监测与现场检查资料分析报告[R].成都:成都勘测设计研究院,2008.(Site Expert Group of Zipingpu Dam,the Ministry of Water Resources.Report on safety analysisof Zipingpu concrete face rock-fill dam after“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[R].Chengdu:HydroChina Chengdu EngineeringCorporation,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]宋胜武,蔡德文.汶川大地震紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害现象与变形监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):840-849.(SONG Sheng-wu,CAI De-wen.Earthquake damage phenomena and deformation monitoring analysis forconcrete faced rockfill dam at Zipingpu project during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(4):840-849.(in Chinese))
[3]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wei-min.Analysis of effects of“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake onZipingpu Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(inChinese))
[4]关志诚,宋彦刚,蔡德文.紫坪铺高面板坝“5.12”震害调查与安全状态评价[J].水利水电技术,2008,39(9):36-39.(GUAN Zhi-cheng,SONG Yan-gang,CAI De-wen.Safety assessment and investigation on damage from disaster of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake for Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2008,39(9):36-39.(in Chinese))
[5]宋彦刚,邓良胜,王昆,等.紫坪铺水库大坝震损及应急修复综述[J].四川水力发电,2009,28(2):8-14.(SONG Yan-gang,DENG Liang-sheng,WANG Kun,et al.Seismic damages of dam of Zipingpu reservoir and emergency repairs[J].SichuanWater Power,2009,28(2):8-14.(in Chinese))
[6]孔宪京,邹德高,周扬,等.汶川地震中紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):667-674.(KONG Xian-jing,ZOU De-gao,ZHOU Yang,et al.Earthquake damage analysis of Zipingpu concrete face rockfill damduring Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2009,49(5):667-674.(in Chinese))
[7]章为民,陈生水.紫坪铺面板堆石坝汶川地震永久变形实测结果分析[J].水力发电,2010,36(8):51-53.(ZHANGWei-min,CHEN Sheng-shui.Analysis permanent deformation analysis of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam after theWenchuan earthquake,2010,36(8):51-53.(in Chinese))
[8]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002(1):80-86.(ZHANG Wei-min,LAI Zhong-zhong,XU Guang-ming.Development of an electrohydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-Scienceand Engineering,2002(1):80-86.(in Chinese))
[9]章为民,日下部治.砂性地层地震反应离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):28-31.(ZHANG Wei-min,KUSAKABE O.Dynamic centrifuge model test of sandy layer[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):28-31.(in Chinese))
[10]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝地震反应动态离心模型试验[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(1):18-22.(WANGNian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Centrifuge model test for seismic response of concrete face rock fill dam[J].Hydro-Science andEngineering,2003(1):18-22.(in Chinese))
[11]王年香,章为民.长河坝抗震安全性评价与抗震措施离心模型试验研究报告[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2008.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Safety assessment and anti-earthquake design of the Changheba dam by centrifugeshaking table[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]王年香,章为民,顾行文,等.长河坝动力离心模型试验研究[J].水力发电,2009(5):67-70.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min,GU Xing-wen,et al.Dynamic centrifuge model test for Changheba dam[J].Water Power,2009(5):67-70.(in Chinese))
[13]ROMO M P.Model development from measured seismic behaviour of earth-rockfill dams[R].Mexico:SID/630,Inistituto DeIngenieria UNAM,2002.
[2]宋胜武,蔡德文.汶川大地震紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害现象与变形监测分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(4):840-849.(SONG Sheng-wu,CAI De-wen.Earthquake damage phenomena and deformation monitoring analysis forconcrete faced rockfill dam at Zipingpu project during Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(4):840-849.(in Chinese))
[3]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wei-min.Analysis of effects of“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake onZipingpu Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(inChinese))
[4]关志诚,宋彦刚,蔡德文.紫坪铺高面板坝“5.12”震害调查与安全状态评价[J].水利水电技术,2008,39(9):36-39.(GUAN Zhi-cheng,SONG Yan-gang,CAI De-wen.Safety assessment and investigation on damage from disaster of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake for Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2008,39(9):36-39.(in Chinese))
[5]宋彦刚,邓良胜,王昆,等.紫坪铺水库大坝震损及应急修复综述[J].四川水力发电,2009,28(2):8-14.(SONG Yan-gang,DENG Liang-sheng,WANG Kun,et al.Seismic damages of dam of Zipingpu reservoir and emergency repairs[J].SichuanWater Power,2009,28(2):8-14.(in Chinese))
[6]孔宪京,邹德高,周扬,等.汶川地震中紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):667-674.(KONG Xian-jing,ZOU De-gao,ZHOU Yang,et al.Earthquake damage analysis of Zipingpu concrete face rockfill damduring Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2009,49(5):667-674.(in Chinese))
[7]章为民,陈生水.紫坪铺面板堆石坝汶川地震永久变形实测结果分析[J].水力发电,2010,36(8):51-53.(ZHANGWei-min,CHEN Sheng-shui.Analysis permanent deformation analysis of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam after theWenchuan earthquake,2010,36(8):51-53.(in Chinese))
[8]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002(1):80-86.(ZHANG Wei-min,LAI Zhong-zhong,XU Guang-ming.Development of an electrohydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-Scienceand Engineering,2002(1):80-86.(in Chinese))
[9]章为民,日下部治.砂性地层地震反应离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):28-31.(ZHANG Wei-min,KUSAKABE O.Dynamic centrifuge model test of sandy layer[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):28-31.(in Chinese))
[10]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝地震反应动态离心模型试验[J].水利水运工程学报,2003(1):18-22.(WANGNian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Centrifuge model test for seismic response of concrete face rock fill dam[J].Hydro-Science andEngineering,2003(1):18-22.(in Chinese))
[11]王年香,章为民.长河坝抗震安全性评价与抗震措施离心模型试验研究报告[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2008.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Safety assessment and anti-earthquake design of the Changheba dam by centrifugeshaking table[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2008.(in Chinese))
[12]王年香,章为民,顾行文,等.长河坝动力离心模型试验研究[J].水力发电,2009(5):67-70.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min,GU Xing-wen,et al.Dynamic centrifuge model test for Changheba dam[J].Water Power,2009(5):67-70.(in Chinese))
[13]ROMO M P.Model development from measured seismic behaviour of earth-rockfill dams[R].Mexico:SID/630,Inistituto DeIngenieria UNAM,2002.
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