土质边坡动力稳定数值分析方法评述
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摘要
回顾并分析了拟静力法、Newmark滑块法和有限元法这三种常用的土质边坡地震作用下稳定分析方法,认为一种合理的边坡地震稳定分析方法应该考虑多方面的因素,包括边坡土体动本构模型、孔隙介质波动理论、边坡地震动输入方式和边坡地震稳定性评价指标选择等方面。在探讨以上四个方面的研究现状及进展的基础上提出了基于静、动力有限元分析的边坡抗震稳定安全度评价方法。此方法可以求得边坡滑动特征点的动位移时程曲线、永久位移和动安全系数,并可综合此结果来判断边坡地震作用下的稳定性。
The methods used to evaluate the stability of soil slope under seismic action include the pseudo static analysis,Newmark sliding block analysis,and finite-element analysis.The development and deficiency of these methods are summarized and reviewed in this paper.A reasonable method to analyze the stability of soil slope under seismic action should consider various factors,including the dynamic constitutive model of slope soil,wave theory in porous media,seismic input of slope soil,and selection of evaluation index for stability of soil slope under seismic action.Based on the current research status and progress of the four aspects,a stability evaluation of safety degree of soil slope under seismic action is proposed in light of the static and dynamic finite element analysis.This method can determine the time history curve of dynamic displacement,permanent displacement,and dynamical safety factor of the feature point of slope slide,which can evaluate the stability of soil slope under seismic action.
The methods used to evaluate the stability of soil slope under seismic action include the pseudo static analysis,Newmark sliding block analysis,and finite-element analysis.The development and deficiency of these methods are summarized and reviewed in this paper.A reasonable method to analyze the stability of soil slope under seismic action should consider various factors,including the dynamic constitutive model of slope soil,wave theory in porous media,seismic input of slope soil,and selection of evaluation index for stability of soil slope under seismic action.Based on the current research status and progress of the four aspects,a stability evaluation of safety degree of soil slope under seismic action is proposed in light of the static and dynamic finite element analysis.This method can determine the time history curve of dynamic displacement,permanent displacement,and dynamical safety factor of the feature point of slope slide,which can evaluate the stability of soil slope under seismic action.
引文
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[9]李育枢,高广运,李天斌.偏压隧道洞口边坡地震动力反应及稳定性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,(5):738-743.(LIYu-shu,GAO Guang-yun,LI Tian-bin.Analysis of EarthquakeResponse and Stability Evaluation for Transverse Slope at Se-cund Tunnel Portal[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,2006,(5):738-743.(in Chinese))
[10]马芳芳.基于地震动力时程反应的有限元边坡稳定性分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005.(MA Fang-fang.Study onthe Seismic Stability of Slope Based on Time History AnalysisMethod and Finite Element Method[D].Dalian:Dalian Uni-versity of Technology,2005.(in Chinese))
[11]陈国兴,庄海洋.基于Davidenkov骨架曲线的土体动力本构关系及其参数研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,(8):860-864.(CHEN Guo-xing;ZHUANG Hai-yang.Developed NonlinearDynamic Constitutive Relations of Soils Based on DavidenkovSkeleton Curve[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing,2005,(8):860-864.(in Chinese))
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[13]Pyke R M.Nonlinear Soil Models for Irregular Cyclic Load-ings[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,1979,(6):715-726.
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[15]郦能惠,沈珠江.土石坝工程研究新进展[J].水利水电科技进展,1999,19(4):6-9.(LI Neng-hui,SHEN Zhu-jiang.New A-chievements in Earth Rockfill Dam Research[J].Advances inScience and Technology of Water Resources,1999,19(4):6-9.(in Chinese))
[16]沈珠江.一个计算砂土液化变形的等价粘弹性模式[A].中国土木工程学会第四届土力学及基础工程学术会议论文选集[C],1983:199-207.(SHEN Zhu-jiang.An Equivalent Viscoe-lastic Model of Liquefaction-induced Deformation in Sand[A].Thesis of 4th Academic Conference on Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering of CCES[C].1983:199-207.(inChinese))
[17]陈生水,沈珠江.钢筋混凝土面板坝的地震永久变形分析[J].岩土工程学报,1990,(3):66-72.(CHEN Sheng-shui,SHENZhu-jiang.Analysis of Seismic Permanent Deformation ofConcrete-faced Rock-fill Dams[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotech-nical Engineering,1990(3):66-72.(in Chinese))
[18]Carter J P,Booker J R,Wrothu C P.A Critical State Soil Mod-el for Cyclic Loading[C].Soil Mechanics Transient and CyclicLoading,1982:35-62
[19]Provest J H.A Simple Plastic Theory for Frictional Cohesion-less Soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1985,(1):9-11.
[20]Mroz Z,Norris V A,Zienkiewicz O C.An Anisotropic CriticalState Model for Soils Subjected to Cyclic Loading[J].Geotechnique,1981,(4):451-455.
[21]DAFALIAS Y F,HERRMANN L R.A Boundary SurfaceSoilplasticity Model under Cyclic Trans Load[C].1980:335-356.
[22]Mroz,Zienkiewicz.Uniform Formulation of Constitutive E-quations for Clays and Sands[J].Mechanics of EngineeringMaterials,1984,(12):415-449.
[23]Hashiguchi K.Mechanical Requirement and Structures of Cy-clic Plasticity[J].International Journal of Plasticity,1993,(2):721-730.
[24]Hashiguchi K,Chen Z P.Elastoplastic Constitutive Equationof Soils with the Subloading Surface and rotational Hardening [J].Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech,1998,(3):197-199.
[25]吴兴征.堆石料的静动力本构模型及其在混凝土面板坝中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2001.(WU Xing-zheng.Static and Dynamic Constitutive Model of Rockfill Materials and Applications in Nonlinear Analyses of High Concrete-faced Rockfill Dams[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2001.(in Chinese))
[26]张宏洋,李同春,宫必宁等.砂土的P-Z模型介绍及振动台试验验证[J].水力发电学报,2009,(5):182-186.(ZHANG Hong-yang,LI Tong-chun,GONG Bi-ning,NIU Zhi-wei.Introduction and Shaking Table Test Verification of the P-Z Model for Sand Soil[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,(5):182-186.(in Chinese))
[27]Biot M A.Theory of Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Fluidsaturated Porous Solid[J].J.Acoust.Soc.of America,1956,(1):168-191.
[28]Biot M A,Willis D G.The Elastic Coefficients of the Theory of Consolidation[J].J.Appl.Mech.,1957,(4):594-601.
[29]Biot M A.Mechanics of Deformation and Acoustic Propagation in Porous Media[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1962,(4):14821498.
[30]门福录.波在饱水孔隙弹性介质中的传播[J].地球物理学报,1965,(2):107-114.(MEN Fu-lu.Wave Propagation in a Porous-saturated Elastic Medium[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1965,(2):107-114.(in Chinese))
[31]门福录.波在饱含流体的孔隙介质中的传播[J].地球物理学报,1981,(1):65-75.(MEN Fu-lu.Problems of Wave Propagation in Porous Fluid-saturated Media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1981,(1):65-75.(in Chinese))
[32]陈少林,廖振鹏.关于两相介质动力学问题建模的注记[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,(8):1-8.(CHEN Shao-lin,LIAO Zhen-peng.Study on Mechanic Models of Two-phase Media[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,(8):1-8.(in Chinese))
[33]陈少林.两相介质中近场波动的数值模拟[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.(CHEN Shao-lin.Numerical simulation of near-field wave motion in two-phase media[D].Harbin:Institute of Engineering Mechanics of China Earthquake Administration,2002.(in Chinese))
[34]陈少林,廖振鹏,陈进.两相介质近场波动模拟的一种解耦有限元方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,(4):909-917.(CHEN Shao-lin,LIAO Zhen-peng,CHEN Jin.A Decoupling FEM for Simulating Near-field Wave Motions in Two-phase Media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,(4):909-917.(in Chinese))
[35]李亮,赵成刚.考虑质量耦合效应的流体饱和孔隙介质波动方程[J].固体力学学报,2003,(2):244-248.(LI Liang,ZHAO Cheng-gang.Equations of Wave Propagation with Mass-coupling Effect in Fluid-saturated Porous Media[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2003,(2):244-248.(in Chinese))
[36]徐长节,马晓华,蔡袁强.粘弹性准饱水岩层中地震波的传播[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(14):2490-2496.(XU Chang-jie,MA Xiao-hua,CAI Yuan-qiang.Seismic Wave Propagation in Viscoelastic and Nearly Saturated Rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,(14):2490-2496.(in Chinese))
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