两层预制板砖砌体结构房屋模型双向拟动力试验研究
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摘要
对一栋缩尺为1∶2的两层单开间预制板砖砌体结构房屋模型进行不同强度地震作用下的双向拟动力试验和非线性地震响应分析,研究该结构在地震作用下的破坏机制、变形、滞回特性及耗能能力等。结果表明:构造柱与圈梁的存在,使得预制板砌体结构具有较好的延性,地震破坏主要集中在底层,即使墙体严重开裂,也不至于整体结构垮塌;双向地震作用下一个方向的承载力与刚度退化会加剧另一个方向承载力与刚度的退化,从而导致砌体结构整体抗震能力的下降;滞回曲线由弓形最后发展到反S形,具有明显的捏缩和滑移效应;建立的砌体结构非线性空间有限元模型,能够反映预制板砌体结构的弹塑性地震响应,计算结果与实测结果基本吻合;两层砌体结构房屋能够满足设计规范的抗震要求。
Bi-directional pseudo-dynamic test and nonlinear seismic response analysis were conducted on a 1∶ 2 scaled two-story brick masonry building model with precast floor slabs under different seismic intensities to investigate its seismic behavior including the failure mechanism,deformation,hysteretic characteristics and energy dissipation,etc.Some important conclusions can be drawn from the testing and analysis and are listed as follows.The existence of constructional columns and ring beams in masonry building with precast floor slabs can effectively resist horizontal earthquake loadings and result in good ductility.The earthquake damage and failure concentrate at the lower story of the two-story masonry building.Even if the brick walls are severely cracked,the whole structure may not collapse suddenly.The seismic performance of masonry structure in the horizontal X and Y directions are different.Under the bi-directional earthquake loading,degradation of stiffness and strength in one direction may aggravate to the degradation of stiffness and strength in the other direction,resulting in the overall degradation of seismic performance of masonry building.The hysteresis loops start from the bow shape and become reversed S-shape at the failure stage.The constructed non-linear space finite element(FE) model of brick masonry building can predict the elasto-plastic seismic performance of masonry structures with precast floor slabs.The calculation results from FE simulation are basically consistent with the results from testing.The designed two-story brick masonry building model can meet siesmic requirements of design codes.
Bi-directional pseudo-dynamic test and nonlinear seismic response analysis were conducted on a 1∶ 2 scaled two-story brick masonry building model with precast floor slabs under different seismic intensities to investigate its seismic behavior including the failure mechanism,deformation,hysteretic characteristics and energy dissipation,etc.Some important conclusions can be drawn from the testing and analysis and are listed as follows.The existence of constructional columns and ring beams in masonry building with precast floor slabs can effectively resist horizontal earthquake loadings and result in good ductility.The earthquake damage and failure concentrate at the lower story of the two-story masonry building.Even if the brick walls are severely cracked,the whole structure may not collapse suddenly.The seismic performance of masonry structure in the horizontal X and Y directions are different.Under the bi-directional earthquake loading,degradation of stiffness and strength in one direction may aggravate to the degradation of stiffness and strength in the other direction,resulting in the overall degradation of seismic performance of masonry building.The hysteresis loops start from the bow shape and become reversed S-shape at the failure stage.The constructed non-linear space finite element(FE) model of brick masonry building can predict the elasto-plastic seismic performance of masonry structures with precast floor slabs.The calculation results from FE simulation are basically consistent with the results from testing.The designed two-story brick masonry building model can meet siesmic requirements of design codes.
引文
[1]清华大学、西南交通大学、北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9.(Civil and Structural Groups ofTsinghua University,Xinan Jiaotong University andBeijing Jiaotong University.Analysis on seismic damageof buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journalof Building Structures,2008,29(4):1-9.(inChinese))
[2]李碧雄,谢和平,王哲,王璇.汶川地震后多层砌体结构震害调查及分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(4):19-25.(Li Bixiong,Xie Heping,Wang Zhe,Wang Xuan.Wenchuan earthquake filedreconnaissance and analysis on multi-story masonrystructural buildings[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(4):19-25.(inChinese))
[3]王立成.汶川地震后学校砌体建筑结构破坏情况调查与分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):650-656.(Wang Licheng.Investigation and analysis fordamage of school masonry buildings in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University ofTechnology,2009,49(5):650-656.(in Chinese))
[4]龙晓鸿,李黎,孙明,刘卫国.中小学建筑抗震性能评价方法研究[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2010,27(4):89-92.(Long Xiaohong,Li Li,SunMing,Liu Weiguo.Study on seismic performanceevaluation method of primary and high school buildings[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science andTechnology:Urban Science Edition,2010,27(4):89-92.(in Chinese))
[5]苏启旺,孙玉平,赵世春.基于震害的多层砌体结构抗震性能评估方法[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(1):30-35.(Su Qiwang,Sun Yuping,ZhaoShichun.Seismic evaluation method of multi-storymasonry buildings based on earthquake damage[J].Journal of Southeast Jiaotong University,2011,46(1):30-35.(in Chinese))
[6]Yi Tianyi,Moon Franklin L,Leon Roberto T,et al.Lateral load tests on a two-story unreinforced masonrybuilding[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(5):643-652.
[7]王宗纲,查支祥,聂建国.构造柱-圈梁体系外多孔砖内混凝土小型空心砌块六层足尺房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):90-96.(Wang Zonggang,Zha Zhixiang,Nie Jianguo.Experimental study on antiseismic behavior of a fullscale building of 6-story porous brick and small-sizehollow concrete block structure with constructionalcolumn-beam system[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(4):91-96.(inChinese))
[8]Qamaruddin M,Chandra B,Arya A S.Dynamic testingof brick building models[C]//Proceedings of theInstitution of Civil Engineerings:Part 2:Research andTheory.London:Thomas Telford House,1984:353-365.
[9]Polat Gulkan,Clough Ray W,Mayes Ronald L,et al.Seismic testing of single-story masonry houses:part 2[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1990,116(1):257-274.
[10]吕西林,朱伯龙.五层砌块模型房屋的振动台试验研究[J].同济大学学报,1986,14(1):13-26.(LuXilin,Zhu Bolong.Shaking table testing of a 5-storybrick masonry modle building[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity,1986,14(1):13-26.(in Chinese))
[11]施卫星,徐磊.七层混凝土小型空心砌块房屋振动台试验研究[J].工程抗震,1999(3):22-25.(ShiWeixing,Xu Lei.Shaking table testing of a scaled 7-story small-size hollow concrete block masonry building[J].Engineering Seismic,1999(3):22-25.(inChinese))
[12]周炳章,郑伟,关启勋,等.小型混凝土空心砌块六层模型房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(4):2-12.(Zhou Bingzhang,Zheng Wei,Guan Qixun,et al.Experimental study on aseismicbehavior of six-story masonry building with small-sizesollow concrete blocks[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2000,21(4):2-12.(in Chinese))
[13]石宏彬.混凝土空心砌块砌体结构的弹塑性地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004:20-45.(Shi Hongbin.Elasto-plastic seismicresponse analysis of masonry building with hollowconcrete blocks[D].Haerbin:Institute of EngineeringMechanics of National Earthquake Administration,2004:20-45.(in Chinese))
[14]Seible F,Hegemier G A,Igarashi A.Pseudodynamictesting of a five-story masonry building[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(3):903-924.
[15]Buonopane S G,White R N.Pseudo-dynamic testing ofmasonry infilled reinforced concrete frame[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(6):578-589.
[16]Paquette Jocelyn,Bruneau Michel.Pseudo-dynamictesting of unreinforced masonry building with flexiblediaphragm[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(6):708-716.
[17]梁兴文,王庆霖,梁羽风.底部框架抗震墙砖房1/2比例模型拟动力试验研究[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(2):14-21.(Liang Xingwen,Wang Qinlin,Liang Yufeng.Experimental investigation on pseudo-dynamic test of 1/2 scaled model brick masonrybuilding with frame-shear wall structure at first two story[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(2):14-21.(in Chinese))
[18]杨春侠,施楚贤,杨伟军,许兵.混凝土多孔砖砌体结构房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(3):84-92.(Yang Chunxia,Shi Chuxian,Yang Weijun,Xu Bing.Experimental investigation onpseudo-dynamic test of concrete perforated brickmasonry building model[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2006,27(3):84-92.(in Chinese))
[19]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(GB50003—2001Design code for masonry structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]GB50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(GB50010—2002Design code for concrete structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[21]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2008修订版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(GB50011—2001 Code for seicmic design of buildings[S].2008 ed.Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2008.(in Chinese))
[22]JGJ101—1996建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.(JGJ101—1996Specification of testing methods for earthquake resistantbuilding[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,1997.(in Chinese))
[23]林锦滔.两层砌体结构双向拟动力试验及抗震性能评价[D].福州:福州大学,2010:28-46.(LinJintao.Bi-directional pseudo-dynamic testing andseismic performance evaluation of a two-story masonrystructure[D].Fuzhou:Fuzhou University,2010:28-46.(in Chinese))
[24]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:70-110.(Qiu Fawei,QianJiaru,Chen Zhipeng.Structural seismic testing methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:70-110.(inChinese))
[25]李宏男.结构多维抗震理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:166-246.(Li Hongnan.Structural multi-dimensional seismic theory[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2006:166-246.(in Chinese))
[26]郝文化.ANSYS在土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:183-214.(Hao Wenhua,Application practices of ANSYS software in civilengineering[M].Beijing:China W&E Publisher,2005:183-214.(in Chinese))
[2]李碧雄,谢和平,王哲,王璇.汶川地震后多层砌体结构震害调查及分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(4):19-25.(Li Bixiong,Xie Heping,Wang Zhe,Wang Xuan.Wenchuan earthquake filedreconnaissance and analysis on multi-story masonrystructural buildings[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(4):19-25.(inChinese))
[3]王立成.汶川地震后学校砌体建筑结构破坏情况调查与分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):650-656.(Wang Licheng.Investigation and analysis fordamage of school masonry buildings in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University ofTechnology,2009,49(5):650-656.(in Chinese))
[4]龙晓鸿,李黎,孙明,刘卫国.中小学建筑抗震性能评价方法研究[J].华中科技大学学报:城市科学版,2010,27(4):89-92.(Long Xiaohong,Li Li,SunMing,Liu Weiguo.Study on seismic performanceevaluation method of primary and high school buildings[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science andTechnology:Urban Science Edition,2010,27(4):89-92.(in Chinese))
[5]苏启旺,孙玉平,赵世春.基于震害的多层砌体结构抗震性能评估方法[J].西南交通大学学报,2011,46(1):30-35.(Su Qiwang,Sun Yuping,ZhaoShichun.Seismic evaluation method of multi-storymasonry buildings based on earthquake damage[J].Journal of Southeast Jiaotong University,2011,46(1):30-35.(in Chinese))
[6]Yi Tianyi,Moon Franklin L,Leon Roberto T,et al.Lateral load tests on a two-story unreinforced masonrybuilding[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(5):643-652.
[7]王宗纲,查支祥,聂建国.构造柱-圈梁体系外多孔砖内混凝土小型空心砌块六层足尺房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):90-96.(Wang Zonggang,Zha Zhixiang,Nie Jianguo.Experimental study on antiseismic behavior of a fullscale building of 6-story porous brick and small-sizehollow concrete block structure with constructionalcolumn-beam system[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(4):91-96.(inChinese))
[8]Qamaruddin M,Chandra B,Arya A S.Dynamic testingof brick building models[C]//Proceedings of theInstitution of Civil Engineerings:Part 2:Research andTheory.London:Thomas Telford House,1984:353-365.
[9]Polat Gulkan,Clough Ray W,Mayes Ronald L,et al.Seismic testing of single-story masonry houses:part 2[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1990,116(1):257-274.
[10]吕西林,朱伯龙.五层砌块模型房屋的振动台试验研究[J].同济大学学报,1986,14(1):13-26.(LuXilin,Zhu Bolong.Shaking table testing of a 5-storybrick masonry modle building[J].Journal of TongjiUniversity,1986,14(1):13-26.(in Chinese))
[11]施卫星,徐磊.七层混凝土小型空心砌块房屋振动台试验研究[J].工程抗震,1999(3):22-25.(ShiWeixing,Xu Lei.Shaking table testing of a scaled 7-story small-size hollow concrete block masonry building[J].Engineering Seismic,1999(3):22-25.(inChinese))
[12]周炳章,郑伟,关启勋,等.小型混凝土空心砌块六层模型房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(4):2-12.(Zhou Bingzhang,Zheng Wei,Guan Qixun,et al.Experimental study on aseismicbehavior of six-story masonry building with small-sizesollow concrete blocks[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2000,21(4):2-12.(in Chinese))
[13]石宏彬.混凝土空心砌块砌体结构的弹塑性地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2004:20-45.(Shi Hongbin.Elasto-plastic seismicresponse analysis of masonry building with hollowconcrete blocks[D].Haerbin:Institute of EngineeringMechanics of National Earthquake Administration,2004:20-45.(in Chinese))
[14]Seible F,Hegemier G A,Igarashi A.Pseudodynamictesting of a five-story masonry building[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(3):903-924.
[15]Buonopane S G,White R N.Pseudo-dynamic testing ofmasonry infilled reinforced concrete frame[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(6):578-589.
[16]Paquette Jocelyn,Bruneau Michel.Pseudo-dynamictesting of unreinforced masonry building with flexiblediaphragm[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(6):708-716.
[17]梁兴文,王庆霖,梁羽风.底部框架抗震墙砖房1/2比例模型拟动力试验研究[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(2):14-21.(Liang Xingwen,Wang Qinlin,Liang Yufeng.Experimental investigation on pseudo-dynamic test of 1/2 scaled model brick masonrybuilding with frame-shear wall structure at first two story[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(2):14-21.(in Chinese))
[18]杨春侠,施楚贤,杨伟军,许兵.混凝土多孔砖砌体结构房屋抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(3):84-92.(Yang Chunxia,Shi Chuxian,Yang Weijun,Xu Bing.Experimental investigation onpseudo-dynamic test of concrete perforated brickmasonry building model[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2006,27(3):84-92.(in Chinese))
[19]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(GB50003—2001Design code for masonry structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]GB50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(GB50010—2002Design code for concrete structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[21]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2008修订版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.(GB50011—2001 Code for seicmic design of buildings[S].2008 ed.Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2008.(in Chinese))
[22]JGJ101—1996建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.(JGJ101—1996Specification of testing methods for earthquake resistantbuilding[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,1997.(in Chinese))
[23]林锦滔.两层砌体结构双向拟动力试验及抗震性能评价[D].福州:福州大学,2010:28-46.(LinJintao.Bi-directional pseudo-dynamic testing andseismic performance evaluation of a two-story masonrystructure[D].Fuzhou:Fuzhou University,2010:28-46.(in Chinese))
[24]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:70-110.(Qiu Fawei,QianJiaru,Chen Zhipeng.Structural seismic testing methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000:70-110.(inChinese))
[25]李宏男.结构多维抗震理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:166-246.(Li Hongnan.Structural multi-dimensional seismic theory[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2006:166-246.(in Chinese))
[26]郝文化.ANSYS在土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:183-214.(Hao Wenhua,Application practices of ANSYS software in civilengineering[M].Beijing:China W&E Publisher,2005:183-214.(in Chinese))
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