面向任务的移动灾情快速采集直报技术与应用
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摘要
本文针对我国目前灾情直报、灾情核查评估、灾害应急响应、遥感影像地面解译等重大灾害现场应急工作需求,提出了一种面向任务的移动灾情快速采集直报技术,并以这种技术的业务化应用为目标,详细阐述了自然灾害移动信息平台的整体建设方案。该技术以现场灾情采集工作图层为载体,以现场工作任务规划为核心,系统解决了现场灾情采集工作中多元灾情信息的一体化采集、快速集成、即时上报、实时监控、团队协作等技术难题。相对于目前广泛采用的"卫星定位+底图标绘+移动通信"技术模式,该技术具有4个方面的优势:灵活兼容任何现场灾情信息采集任务;避免了卫星导航系统定位精度不高导致的大量后期数据处理工作;实现了多元灾情信息的一体化采集与快速上报;能够支持多个现场小组协同工作。该技术开发的自然灾害移动信息平台,由终端子系统、后方服务子系统和支撑数据库组成,能够依托智能移动终端设备提供现场多元灾情数据的一体化采集、快速上报、实时在线集成、快速共享等功能。该技术应用于青海玉树地震结古镇倒房评估,现场评估工作组利用4台移动终端在3天内完成了685个斑块房屋倒损程度、房屋间数、单位造价、户数及人口等灾情指标的调查统计,采集的数据可直接用于数据分析,辅助决策支持。
A task oriented method for mobile collection and direct report of disaster information is proposed to meet emergency work requirements around the disaster site,such as disaster information report,check and assessment,disaster emergency response,remote sensing image interpretation and so on.It will be an operational application and the total solution of natural disaster mobile information platform is introduced in the paper at length.The core of the method is regarded as the task planning,which depends on the layer for disaster information collection around the disaster site.It solves several problems occurred to the disaster information collection in the field,including multi-type disaster information collection,rapid integration,instant report,real time monitoring,team collaboration and so on.The combination of satellite positioning,base map plotting and mobile communication is widely used for disaster information collection.Compared with the universal method,four advantages are involved in the new method.First,it is a flexible method and suitable to collect any disaster information around the disaster site.Second,post-data-processing is avoided,which is resulted from poor accuracy of satellite positioning system.Third,multi-type information can be collected in an integrative way and reported rapidly.Finally,several teams are serviced by the platform to collect information synergistically around the disaster site.Natural disaster mobile information platform is developed based on the method,which is composed of the terminal,the background server and the database.The terminal plays an important role in the platform,by means of which the operator can collect the multi-type disaster information synthetically around the disaster site,report the disaster data rapidly,do the online data integration in real time,share relative information quickly and so on.It was applied in collapsed house assessment around Jiegu Town,Qinghai Province after the Yushu Earthquake.The whole town was divided into 685 plots according to collapsed houses.Four mobile terminals are employed by the working group in the field to investigate and collect data of damaged and collapsed houses,such as the level of damage,the number of damaged houses,the unit-price of one house,the number of families,the number of affected persons and so on.The analysis of statistics could help to assess the loss from the Yushu Earthquake.
A task oriented method for mobile collection and direct report of disaster information is proposed to meet emergency work requirements around the disaster site,such as disaster information report,check and assessment,disaster emergency response,remote sensing image interpretation and so on.It will be an operational application and the total solution of natural disaster mobile information platform is introduced in the paper at length.The core of the method is regarded as the task planning,which depends on the layer for disaster information collection around the disaster site.It solves several problems occurred to the disaster information collection in the field,including multi-type disaster information collection,rapid integration,instant report,real time monitoring,team collaboration and so on.The combination of satellite positioning,base map plotting and mobile communication is widely used for disaster information collection.Compared with the universal method,four advantages are involved in the new method.First,it is a flexible method and suitable to collect any disaster information around the disaster site.Second,post-data-processing is avoided,which is resulted from poor accuracy of satellite positioning system.Third,multi-type information can be collected in an integrative way and reported rapidly.Finally,several teams are serviced by the platform to collect information synergistically around the disaster site.Natural disaster mobile information platform is developed based on the method,which is composed of the terminal,the background server and the database.The terminal plays an important role in the platform,by means of which the operator can collect the multi-type disaster information synthetically around the disaster site,report the disaster data rapidly,do the online data integration in real time,share relative information quickly and so on.It was applied in collapsed house assessment around Jiegu Town,Qinghai Province after the Yushu Earthquake.The whole town was divided into 685 plots according to collapsed houses.Four mobile terminals are employed by the working group in the field to investigate and collect data of damaged and collapsed houses,such as the level of damage,the number of damaged houses,the unit-price of one house,the number of families,the number of affected persons and so on.The analysis of statistics could help to assess the loss from the Yushu Earthquake.
引文
[1]王长文,陈国林,牟惠生.PDA在林业野外数据采集上的应用——以吉林省林业调查规划院研制开发的系统为例[J].林业资源管理,2004(6):72-74.
[2]许等平,唐小明,王金增,等.基于PDA的森林资源规划设计调查数据采集系统的研究[J].林业资源管理,2005(1):58-62.
[3]汪宙峰,何政伟,南希.基于MobileGIS的林业野外数据采集系统的应用研究[J].测绘科学,2011,36(2):195-196.
[4]许等平,唐小明,毕于慧.基于嵌入式GIS的森林资源二类调查数据采集系统[J].林业科学,2006,2(S1):151-154.
[5]李勤文,岳彩荣,李永和,等.基于移动G IS的森林资源野外信息采集与发布[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(3):10-13.
[6]王伟,张永波,张礼中,等.地下水资源野外数据采集系统的应用[J].水科学与工程技术,2007(3):25-27.
[7]王文斌,李益,马艳军,等.面向南水北调中线水质监测的GPS移动数据采集终端及系统的设计与实现[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):5-8.
[8]张像源,曾青石,陈辉.地质灾害野外调查数据采集系统数据模型研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(5):98-101.
[9]曾青石,张像源,陈辉.基于3S技术的地质灾害野外调查数字采集系统的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(1):121-125.
[10]吴敏,谢忠.基于嵌入式GIS的环境地质调查野外数据采集系统的设计和实现[J].计算机与现代化,2004(3):44-46.
[11]叶礼伟,谢忠.地质灾害应急调查系统的设计与实现[J].地理空间信息,2010,8(1):119-122.
[12]陈静.信息技术在野外地质数据采集中的应用现状综述[J].化工矿产地质,2001,23(4):252-254.
[13]姜作勤,张明华.野外地质数据采集信息化所涉及的主要技术及其进展[J].中国地质,2001,28(2):36-42.
[14]余丰华,夏跃珍,杨克红,等.移动GIS技术在地质灾害数据采集领域的应用研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):102-106.
[15]张艳,徐斌.基于PDA的3S集成技术在土地调查中的应用[J].测绘科学,2009,34(5):226-228.
[16]李阳东,朱国平,田思泉.利用ArcGIS Mobile技术开发海洋渔业数据采集系统[J].海洋技术,2011,30(4):82-86.
[17]汤安宁,吴才聪,郑立华,等.农业移动终端无线数据传输技术[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(S):244-247.
[18]裴凌,王庆,王慧青.基于嵌入式GIS的GPS野外数据采集系统关键技术实现[J].测控技术,2006,25(6):27-29.
[19]焦琛.基于PDA技术的地震灾情快速上报系统研究[J].中国高新技术企业,2010(36):41-42.
[2]许等平,唐小明,王金增,等.基于PDA的森林资源规划设计调查数据采集系统的研究[J].林业资源管理,2005(1):58-62.
[3]汪宙峰,何政伟,南希.基于MobileGIS的林业野外数据采集系统的应用研究[J].测绘科学,2011,36(2):195-196.
[4]许等平,唐小明,毕于慧.基于嵌入式GIS的森林资源二类调查数据采集系统[J].林业科学,2006,2(S1):151-154.
[5]李勤文,岳彩荣,李永和,等.基于移动G IS的森林资源野外信息采集与发布[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(3):10-13.
[6]王伟,张永波,张礼中,等.地下水资源野外数据采集系统的应用[J].水科学与工程技术,2007(3):25-27.
[7]王文斌,李益,马艳军,等.面向南水北调中线水质监测的GPS移动数据采集终端及系统的设计与实现[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):5-8.
[8]张像源,曾青石,陈辉.地质灾害野外调查数据采集系统数据模型研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(5):98-101.
[9]曾青石,张像源,陈辉.基于3S技术的地质灾害野外调查数字采集系统的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(1):121-125.
[10]吴敏,谢忠.基于嵌入式GIS的环境地质调查野外数据采集系统的设计和实现[J].计算机与现代化,2004(3):44-46.
[11]叶礼伟,谢忠.地质灾害应急调查系统的设计与实现[J].地理空间信息,2010,8(1):119-122.
[12]陈静.信息技术在野外地质数据采集中的应用现状综述[J].化工矿产地质,2001,23(4):252-254.
[13]姜作勤,张明华.野外地质数据采集信息化所涉及的主要技术及其进展[J].中国地质,2001,28(2):36-42.
[14]余丰华,夏跃珍,杨克红,等.移动GIS技术在地质灾害数据采集领域的应用研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(2):102-106.
[15]张艳,徐斌.基于PDA的3S集成技术在土地调查中的应用[J].测绘科学,2009,34(5):226-228.
[16]李阳东,朱国平,田思泉.利用ArcGIS Mobile技术开发海洋渔业数据采集系统[J].海洋技术,2011,30(4):82-86.
[17]汤安宁,吴才聪,郑立华,等.农业移动终端无线数据传输技术[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(S):244-247.
[18]裴凌,王庆,王慧青.基于嵌入式GIS的GPS野外数据采集系统关键技术实现[J].测控技术,2006,25(6):27-29.
[19]焦琛.基于PDA技术的地震灾情快速上报系统研究[J].中国高新技术企业,2010(36):41-42.
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