钢筋混凝土框架结构楼梯震害分析与设计建议
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摘要
针对地震中遭受严重破坏,失去应急疏散安全通道作用,不能满足预期抗震设防要求的楼梯间,进行典型钢筋混凝土框架结构考虑和不考虑楼梯作用两种情况下,多遇地震作用的计算分析对比,考察楼梯对结构受力影响,并通过静力弹塑性分析探讨楼梯对框架结构屈服破坏机制的影响,分析钢筋混凝土框架结构现浇楼梯和预制楼梯破坏原因,并结合计算分析结果及楼梯设计方法,提出楼梯的改进设计建议。
Staircases,critically important for egress and access during emergency events,suffered severe damages in recent earthquakes at home and abroad in reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures.Staircases,acting as the first line of defense in earthquake,firstly yielded and failed,and were out the action of emergency access,they could not meet the seismic performance objectives.To realize the objective of acting as safe access under strong earthquakes,the current Chinese seismic design code for buildings specifies special requirement on the design of staircase.The comparison of numerical analysis of a typical RC frame structure under frequent earthquakes between considering and neglecting the effect of staircases was performed to study the influence of staircases on the structural behavior.The effect of staircases on the yielding and failure mechanism of RC frame structures was investigated with nonlinear static analysis.Accordingly,the damage reasons for in-situ cast staircase and precast staircase were analyzed.Finally,some suggestions to improve design of staircases were proposed according to the analysis results and the current design method.
Staircases,critically important for egress and access during emergency events,suffered severe damages in recent earthquakes at home and abroad in reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures.Staircases,acting as the first line of defense in earthquake,firstly yielded and failed,and were out the action of emergency access,they could not meet the seismic performance objectives.To realize the objective of acting as safe access under strong earthquakes,the current Chinese seismic design code for buildings specifies special requirement on the design of staircase.The comparison of numerical analysis of a typical RC frame structure under frequent earthquakes between considering and neglecting the effect of staircases was performed to study the influence of staircases on the structural behavior.The effect of staircases on the yielding and failure mechanism of RC frame structures was investigated with nonlinear static analysis.Accordingly,the damage reasons for in-situ cast staircase and precast staircase were analyzed.Finally,some suggestions to improve design of staircases were proposed according to the analysis results and the current design method.
引文
[1]清华大学,西南交通大学,重庆大学,等.汶川地震建筑震害分析及设计对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
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[3]尹保江,黄世敏,程绍革,等.汶川地震中建筑楼梯震害原因分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:280-284.
[4]Ricci P,Luca F D,Verderame G M.6Th april 2009 l' aquila earthquake,Italy:reinforced concrete building performance [J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2011,9(1):285 -305.
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[6]Kam W Y.Preliminary report from the Christchurch 22 Feb 2011 6.3Mw earthquake:pre-1970s RC and RCM buildings, and precast staircase damage[R].Draft report,2011.
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[8]罗开海,王亚勇,左琼.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构中楼梯构件的影响效果分析[J].建筑结构,2011, 41(11):88-93. LUO Kai-hai,WANG Ya-yong,ZUO Qiong.Analysis on action effects of stairs in RC frame structures under ??earthquake[J].Building Structure,2011,41(11):88 -93.
[9]冯远,吴小宾,李从春,等.现浇楼梯对框架结构的抗震影响分析与设计建议[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(10): 53-62. FENG Yuan,WU Xiao-bin,LI Cong-chun,et al.A study of the earthquake-resistanse performance of frames with staircases[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010, 43(10):53-62.
[10]王斌,蒋欢军.考虑楼梯整体建模对结构抗震性能的影响[C].北京:地震出版社,2009:322-327.
[11]FEMA356.Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington,D.C.,Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[12]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,2005,35(1]):3 J-32. HU Qing-chang.Damage and design suggestions of stairway and staircase in RC structures[J].Building Structure,2005, 35(1);31 -32.
[13]Higgins C.Prefabricated steel stair performance under combined seismic and gravity loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2009,135(2):122-129.
[14]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].
[15]GB50011-2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[16]International Code Council,INC.international building code 2009[S].
[17]ASCE/SEI 7-10,Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures[S].American Society of Civil Engineers,2010.
[2]冯远,刘宜丰,肖克艰,等.来自汶川大地震亲历者的第一手资料—结构工程师的视界与思考[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
[3]尹保江,黄世敏,程绍革,等.汶川地震中建筑楼梯震害原因分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:280-284.
[4]Ricci P,Luca F D,Verderame G M.6Th april 2009 l' aquila earthquake,Italy:reinforced concrete building performance [J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2011,9(1):285 -305.
[5]尹保江,罗开海,薛彦涛,等.玉树4.14地震钢筋混凝土框架震害调查与分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010, 32(增2):6-8. YIN Bao-jiang,LUO Kai-hai,XUE Yan-tao,et al.Seismic eamage investigation and analysis on RC frames in yushu 4.14 earthquake journal of civil[J].Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2010,32(S2):6 -8.
[6]Kam W Y.Preliminary report from the Christchurch 22 Feb 2011 6.3Mw earthquake:pre-1970s RC and RCM buildings, and precast staircase damage[R].Draft report,2011.
[7]焦柯,吴文勇,黄真康,等.楼梯参与结构整体工作的计算分析[J].广东土木与建筑,2009(3):3-6. JIAO Ke,WU Wen-yong,HUANG Zhen-kang,et al. Structural analysis of staircase participated in the working of building structure[J].Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering,2009(3):3 -6.
[8]罗开海,王亚勇,左琼.地震作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构中楼梯构件的影响效果分析[J].建筑结构,2011, 41(11):88-93. LUO Kai-hai,WANG Ya-yong,ZUO Qiong.Analysis on action effects of stairs in RC frame structures under ??earthquake[J].Building Structure,2011,41(11):88 -93.
[9]冯远,吴小宾,李从春,等.现浇楼梯对框架结构的抗震影响分析与设计建议[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(10): 53-62. FENG Yuan,WU Xiao-bin,LI Cong-chun,et al.A study of the earthquake-resistanse performance of frames with staircases[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010, 43(10):53-62.
[10]王斌,蒋欢军.考虑楼梯整体建模对结构抗震性能的影响[C].北京:地震出版社,2009:322-327.
[11]FEMA356.Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[R].Washington,D.C.,Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[12]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,2005,35(1]):3 J-32. HU Qing-chang.Damage and design suggestions of stairway and staircase in RC structures[J].Building Structure,2005, 35(1);31 -32.
[13]Higgins C.Prefabricated steel stair performance under combined seismic and gravity loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2009,135(2):122-129.
[14]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].
[15]GB50011-2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[16]International Code Council,INC.international building code 2009[S].
[17]ASCE/SEI 7-10,Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures[S].American Society of Civil Engineers,2010.
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