考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定分析
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摘要
通过试验获取结构面震动劣化效应的数学表达式,并将之运用于岩质边坡的动力稳定性分析中。采用3DEC作为计算引擎,在每一动力计算时步内根据动力响应值实时刷新结构面的强度参数,同时由网格净节点力的矢量计算获取该时刻作用于边坡岩体上的地震惯性力。根据极限平衡理论计算该瞬时岩质边坡的稳定性系数,通过动态计算获取整个地震历时过程的稳定性系数时程曲线,以最小平均安全系数作为最终动力稳定性评价指标,从而提出一种考虑结构面震动劣化的岩质边坡动力稳定性计算方法。将该方法运用于汶川地震区岩质边坡实例研究中,稳定性分析结果与实际地质调查情况相符,验证该方法的可行性和工程实用性。
Mathematical expression of vibration deterioration effect of structural plane is obtained by experiments;and then the expression is applied to rock slope s dynamic stability analysis.3DEC is selected as calculation engine,and at each dynamic calculation step,mechanical parameters of structural plane are refreshed according to the real-time values of dynamic response;meanwhile,the earthquake inertial force at that moment is obtained via net vectorial nodal force s vector calculating.Hence the rock slope s instantaneous safety factor is obtained based on the limit equilibrium theory.Therefore,the time series of factor of safety can be got for whole earthquake process by dynamic calculating;and the dynamic stability evaluation index is determined by minimum average safety factor method.Consequently a new method for analyzing dynamic stability of rock slope is presented,which takes vibration deterioration of structural plane into account.Finally,the method is used to study a rock slope case in Wenchuan earthquake-affected region;and the analytical results matched actual geological survey situation well,so as to testify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method.
Mathematical expression of vibration deterioration effect of structural plane is obtained by experiments;and then the expression is applied to rock slope s dynamic stability analysis.3DEC is selected as calculation engine,and at each dynamic calculation step,mechanical parameters of structural plane are refreshed according to the real-time values of dynamic response;meanwhile,the earthquake inertial force at that moment is obtained via net vectorial nodal force s vector calculating.Hence the rock slope s instantaneous safety factor is obtained based on the limit equilibrium theory.Therefore,the time series of factor of safety can be got for whole earthquake process by dynamic calculating;and the dynamic stability evaluation index is determined by minimum average safety factor method.Consequently a new method for analyzing dynamic stability of rock slope is presented,which takes vibration deterioration of structural plane into account.Finally,the method is used to study a rock slope case in Wenchuan earthquake-affected region;and the analytical results matched actual geological survey situation well,so as to testify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]黄理兴,陈奕柏.我国岩石动力学研究状况与发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1881–1886.(HUANGLixing,CHENYibai.Rock dynamics in China:past,present and future[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 881–1 886.(inChinese)).
[2]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887–1891.(LIHaibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safetyanalysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 887–1 891.(inChinese))
[3]胡志奇,郑文衡,陆明勇.岩体动态应力在地震机制中的作用研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):108–112.(HUZhiqi,ZHENG Wenheng,LU Mingyong.Preliminary study of crustalstress and its effect on earthquake triggering[J].Journal of Geodesyand Geodynamics,2005,25(1):108–112.(in Chinese))
[4]洪海春,徐卫亚.地震作用下岩质边坡稳定性分析综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4827–4836.(HONG Haichun,XU Weiya.Review on the stability of slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 827–4 836.(in Chinese))
[5]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3590–3595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limitequilibrium method considering seismic force and its engineeringapplication[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 590–3 595.(in Chinese))
[6]SIAD L.Seismic stability analysis of fractured rock slopes by yielddesign theory[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(3):21–30.
[7]郑惠峰,汪卫明,陈胜宏.岩石边坡动力稳定安全系数的块体单元法分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2785–2792.(ZHENG Huifeng,WANG Weiming,CHEN Shenghong.Analysis ofdynamic factor of safety of rock slope with block element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2 785–2 792.(in Chinese))
[8]张伯艳,陈厚群.用有限元和刚体极限平衡方法分析坝肩抗震稳定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):665–670.(ZHANGBoyan,CHEN Houqun.Analysis of abutment aseismatic stability byusing finite element and rigid limit equilibrium method[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):665–670.(in Chinese))
[9]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385–2394.(LIHaibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis ofbedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 385–2 394.(in Chinese))
[10]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173–180.(ZHENG Yingren,YEHailin,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Study on the seismic stability analysisof a slope[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2010,30(2):173–180.(in Chinese))
[11]刘晓.汶川地震区斜坡动力反应研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010.(LIU Xiao.Research on dynamic response ofslope in Wenchuan earthquake area[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[12]郭明伟,葛修润,王水林,等.基于矢量和方法的边坡动力稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):572–579.(GUOMingwei,GE Xiurun,WANG Shuilin,et al.Dynamic stabilityanalysis of slope based on vector sum analysis method[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):572–579.(in Chinese))
[13]HUTSON R W,DOWDING C H.Joint asperity degradation duringcyclic shear[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(2):109–119.
[14]FOX D J,KANA D D,HSIUNG S M.Influence of interfaceroughness on dynamic shear behavior in jointed rock[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):923–940.
[15]YANG Z Y,DI C C,YEN K C.The effect of asperity order on theroughness of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences,2001,38(5):745–752.
[16]LEE H S,PARK Y J,CHO T F,et al.Influence of asperity degradationon the mechanical behavior of rough rock joints under cyclic shearloading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):967–980.
[17]JAFARI M K,HOSSEINI K A,PELLET F,et al.Evaluation of shearstrength of rock joints subjected to cyclic loading[J].Soil Dynamicand Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):619–630.
[18]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and degradation ofrock joint surfaces under shear loads[J].International Journal forNumerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973–999.
[19]刘博,李海波,朱小明.循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理强度劣化规律试验模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2033–2 039.(LIU Bo,LI Haibo,ZHU Xiaoming.Experiment simulationstudy of strength degradation of rock joints under cyclic shear loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 033–2 039.(in Chinese))
[20]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,(2):162–170.(WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.On thedynamic stability of block sliding on rock slopes[J].ScientiaGeologica Sinica,1982,(2):162–170.(in Chinese))
[21]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The influence of shear velocity onthe frictional resistance of rock discontinuities[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(6):505–515.
[22]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The influence of rate anddisplacement dependent shear resistance on the response of rockslopes to seismic loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1982,19(1):1–8.
[23]祁生文.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡地震永久位移研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):452–457.(QI Shengwen.Evaluation of thepermanent displacement of rock mass slope considering deteriorationof slide surface during earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2007,29(3):452–457.(in Chinese))
[24]王光纶,张楚汉,彭冈,等.刚块动力试验与离散元法动力分析参数选择的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):124–133.(WANG Guanglun,ZHANG Chuhan,PENG Gang,et al.Dynamic test ofrigid blocks and parameter study in dynamic analysis of distinctelements[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):124–133.(in Chinese))
[25]GINéJ.On the origin of the inertial force and gravitation[J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2011,50(2):607–617.
[26]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553–556.(LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time-history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553–556.(in Chinese))
[27]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:71–72.(HUYuxian.Seismic engineering[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988:71–72.(in Chinese))
[2]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887–1891.(LIHaibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safetyanalysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 887–1 891.(inChinese))
[3]胡志奇,郑文衡,陆明勇.岩体动态应力在地震机制中的作用研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(1):108–112.(HUZhiqi,ZHENG Wenheng,LU Mingyong.Preliminary study of crustalstress and its effect on earthquake triggering[J].Journal of Geodesyand Geodynamics,2005,25(1):108–112.(in Chinese))
[4]洪海春,徐卫亚.地震作用下岩质边坡稳定性分析综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4827–4836.(HONG Haichun,XU Weiya.Review on the stability of slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 827–4 836.(in Chinese))
[5]罗红明,唐辉明,胡斌,等.考虑地震力的刚体极限平衡法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3590–3595.(LUO Hongming,TANG Huiming,HU Bin,et al.Rigid limitequilibrium method considering seismic force and its engineeringapplication[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 590–3 595.(in Chinese))
[6]SIAD L.Seismic stability analysis of fractured rock slopes by yielddesign theory[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(3):21–30.
[7]郑惠峰,汪卫明,陈胜宏.岩石边坡动力稳定安全系数的块体单元法分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2785–2792.(ZHENG Huifeng,WANG Weiming,CHEN Shenghong.Analysis ofdynamic factor of safety of rock slope with block element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2 785–2 792.(in Chinese))
[8]张伯艳,陈厚群.用有限元和刚体极限平衡方法分析坝肩抗震稳定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):665–670.(ZHANGBoyan,CHEN Houqun.Analysis of abutment aseismatic stability byusing finite element and rigid limit equilibrium method[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):665–670.(in Chinese))
[9]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385–2394.(LIHaibo,XIAO Keqiang,LIU Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis ofbedding rock slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2 385–2 394.(in Chinese))
[10]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173–180.(ZHENG Yingren,YEHailin,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Study on the seismic stability analysisof a slope[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2010,30(2):173–180.(in Chinese))
[11]刘晓.汶川地震区斜坡动力反应研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010.(LIU Xiao.Research on dynamic response ofslope in Wenchuan earthquake area[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2010.(in Chinese))
[12]郭明伟,葛修润,王水林,等.基于矢量和方法的边坡动力稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):572–579.(GUOMingwei,GE Xiurun,WANG Shuilin,et al.Dynamic stabilityanalysis of slope based on vector sum analysis method[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):572–579.(in Chinese))
[13]HUTSON R W,DOWDING C H.Joint asperity degradation duringcyclic shear[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1990,27(2):109–119.
[14]FOX D J,KANA D D,HSIUNG S M.Influence of interfaceroughness on dynamic shear behavior in jointed rock[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):923–940.
[15]YANG Z Y,DI C C,YEN K C.The effect of asperity order on theroughness of rock joints[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences,2001,38(5):745–752.
[16]LEE H S,PARK Y J,CHO T F,et al.Influence of asperity degradationon the mechanical behavior of rough rock joints under cyclic shearloading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):967–980.
[17]JAFARI M K,HOSSEINI K A,PELLET F,et al.Evaluation of shearstrength of rock joints subjected to cyclic loading[J].Soil Dynamicand Earthquake Engineering,2003,23(7):619–630.
[18]HOMAND F,BELEM T,SOULEY M.Friction and degradation ofrock joint surfaces under shear loads[J].International Journal forNumerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2001,25(10):973–999.
[19]刘博,李海波,朱小明.循环剪切荷载作用下岩石节理强度劣化规律试验模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10):2033–2 039.(LIU Bo,LI Haibo,ZHU Xiaoming.Experiment simulationstudy of strength degradation of rock joints under cyclic shear loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(10):2 033–2 039.(in Chinese))
[20]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,(2):162–170.(WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.On thedynamic stability of block sliding on rock slopes[J].ScientiaGeologica Sinica,1982,(2):162–170.(in Chinese))
[21]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The influence of shear velocity onthe frictional resistance of rock discontinuities[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(6):505–515.
[22]CRAWFORD A W,CURRAN J H.The influence of rate anddisplacement dependent shear resistance on the response of rockslopes to seismic loads[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1982,19(1):1–8.
[23]祁生文.考虑结构面退化的岩质边坡地震永久位移研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(3):452–457.(QI Shengwen.Evaluation of thepermanent displacement of rock mass slope considering deteriorationof slide surface during earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2007,29(3):452–457.(in Chinese))
[24]王光纶,张楚汉,彭冈,等.刚块动力试验与离散元法动力分析参数选择的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):124–133.(WANG Guanglun,ZHANG Chuhan,PENG Gang,et al.Dynamic test ofrigid blocks and parameter study in dynamic analysis of distinctelements[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):124–133.(in Chinese))
[25]GINéJ.On the origin of the inertial force and gravitation[J].International Journal of Theoretical Physics,2011,50(2):607–617.
[26]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553–556.(LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time-history analysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2003,24(4):553–556.(in Chinese))
[27]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:71–72.(HUYuxian.Seismic engineering[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1988:71–72.(in Chinese))
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