水平地震力作用下顺倾结构面对岩质边坡破坏影响分析
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摘要
基于断裂理论和波动理论对水平地震力作用下对岩质边坡顺倾结构面的破坏建立了数学模型,在不考虑结构面填充物的影响下分析了结构面的长度、埋深及倾角在水平地震动力作用下对边坡破坏的影响。分析结果表明,当结构面埋深与长度h/L相差不大时,对于一定的水平地震加速度a,结构面埋深和长度越大,边坡在地震作用下越容易破坏;当结构面埋深和长度一定时,边坡破坏随着水平地震加速度的增大而增强。另外,结构面的倾角在增大过程中,岩体所受的拉应力逐渐增大,剪应力则表现为先增大,后减小。这是由于当结构面的埋深与长度一定时,随着倾角的增大,地震作用下边坡是从剪切破坏逐渐向拉张破坏过渡。该模型对地震作用时边坡稳定性分析具有一定的参考意义。
The vertical vibration of seismic wave attenuates faster than its horizontal vibration. Therefore only horizontal seismic force is considered in the mathematic model to analyze the failure of rock slope. The influence of length,buried depth and orientation of the structural plane to the failure of slope are analyzed respectively. It is found that when the buried depth and the length h / L are in a similar value,for a certain horizontal seismic acceleration a,the destruction of slope would be easier to occur with the increase of buried depth and length. While when the buried depth and length are keep in constant values,the failure of slope would become easier with the augment of horizontal seismic acceleration. Moreover,with the enlarge of inclination of structural plane,the tensile stress in rock masses would increase gradually. While the shear stress would boost at first and then decrease. This can be attributed to the reason that the failure of rock masses under earthquake would change from shear state to tensile state when the length and buried depth of structural plane are keep in constant. Moreover,according to the superstition principle of wave,the influence of length and buried depth to the dynamic response of slope under seismic loading is explored as well. The results can be referred to the assessment of seismic stability of slope.
The vertical vibration of seismic wave attenuates faster than its horizontal vibration. Therefore only horizontal seismic force is considered in the mathematic model to analyze the failure of rock slope. The influence of length,buried depth and orientation of the structural plane to the failure of slope are analyzed respectively. It is found that when the buried depth and the length h / L are in a similar value,for a certain horizontal seismic acceleration a,the destruction of slope would be easier to occur with the increase of buried depth and length. While when the buried depth and length are keep in constant values,the failure of slope would become easier with the augment of horizontal seismic acceleration. Moreover,with the enlarge of inclination of structural plane,the tensile stress in rock masses would increase gradually. While the shear stress would boost at first and then decrease. This can be attributed to the reason that the failure of rock masses under earthquake would change from shear state to tensile state when the length and buried depth of structural plane are keep in constant. Moreover,according to the superstition principle of wave,the influence of length and buried depth to the dynamic response of slope under seismic loading is explored as well. The results can be referred to the assessment of seismic stability of slope.
引文
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Ding S D,Su L M.1997.Fracture machonics[M].Beijing:ChinaMachine Press.
Dong J Y,Yang G X,Wu F Q,et al.2011.The large-scale shaking tabletest study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rockslope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,32(10):2977~2983.
Feng W K,Huang R Q,Xu Q.2011.In-depth analysis of the seismicwave effect and slope shattered mechanism[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,33(1):20~25.
Li S B,Su J,Bi H.2012.Dynamical response analysis of rock slopesunder earthquake load[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,8(1):212~216.
Li Z Z,Lin G X,Xu J H,et al.1998.Experimental and theoretical studyof static-dynamic mixed mode brittle fracture of rock[J].Journal ofCentral South University of Technology(English Edition),5(2):120~123.
Liu J J,Li Y M,Che A L.2011.The evaluation for dynamic safetycoefficient of rock slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journalof Applied Mechanics,28(6):595~601.
Napier J A L,Malan D F.1997.A viscoplastic discontinuum model oftime-dependent fracture and seismicity effects in brittle rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(7):1075-1089.
Ni Z Q,Kong J M,A F Y.2012.Physical model test of rocky slope failurecontaining intermittent joints under earthquake action[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,34(3):209~214.
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Wang G J.2004.Dem analysis on stability of unsupported tunnels injointed rock masses at different depths[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,23(7):1154~1157.
Wu C Q,Hao H,Ma G W,et al.1999.Dynamic response analysis of rockmass with stochastic properties subjected to explosive loads[J].FRAGBLAST-International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,3(2):137~153.
Xie D Y.1988.Soil dynamics[M].Xi'an:Yi'an Jiaotong UniversityPress.
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Yang G X,Wu F Q,Dong J Y,et al.2012.Study of dynamic responsecharacters and failure mechanism of rock slope underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,31(4):696~702.
Ye H L,Zheng Y R,Du X L,et al.2012.Shaking table model test andnumerical analysis on dynamic failure characteristics of slope[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,45(9):128~135.
Zhang Z N,Ge X R.2005.Fracture model of jointed rock mass subjectedto seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,24(10):1645~1648.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1993.Principle of engineering geologyanalysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zheng Y R,Ye H L,Huang R Q.2009.Analysis and discussion of failuremechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(8):1714~1723.
丁遂栋,孙利民.1997.断裂力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.2011.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,32(10):2977~2983.
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李书兵,苏骏,毕辉.2012.岩质边坡在地震荷载作用下的动力响应分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,8(1):212~216.
刘建军,李跃明,车爱兰.2011.地震载荷下岩质边坡动安全系数评价[J].应用力学学报,28(6):595~601.
倪振强,孔纪名,阿发友.2012.地震作用下非贯通节理岩体斜坡破坏的物理模型试验研究[J].西北地震学报,34(3):209~214.
孙广忠.1993.工程地质与地质工程[M].北京:地震出版社.
滕光亮,陈永明,石玉成,等.2013.地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究[J].地震工程学报,35(1):119~125.
王贵君.2004.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(7):1154-1157.
谢定义.1988.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.2008.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,27(3):624~632.
杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.2012.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(4):696~702.
叶海林,郑颖人,杜修力,等.2012.边坡动力破坏特征的振动台模型试验与数值分析[J].土木工程学报,45(9):128~135.
张振南,葛修润.2005.地震载荷作用下的节理岩体破裂模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(10):1645~1648.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.1993.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.
郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.2009.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(8):1714~1723.
Ding S D,Su L M.1997.Fracture machonics[M].Beijing:ChinaMachine Press.
Dong J Y,Yang G X,Wu F Q,et al.2011.The large-scale shaking tabletest study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rockslope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,32(10):2977~2983.
Feng W K,Huang R Q,Xu Q.2011.In-depth analysis of the seismicwave effect and slope shattered mechanism[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,33(1):20~25.
Li S B,Su J,Bi H.2012.Dynamical response analysis of rock slopesunder earthquake load[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Spaceand Engineering,8(1):212~216.
Li Z Z,Lin G X,Xu J H,et al.1998.Experimental and theoretical studyof static-dynamic mixed mode brittle fracture of rock[J].Journal ofCentral South University of Technology(English Edition),5(2):120~123.
Liu J J,Li Y M,Che A L.2011.The evaluation for dynamic safetycoefficient of rock slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journalof Applied Mechanics,28(6):595~601.
Napier J A L,Malan D F.1997.A viscoplastic discontinuum model oftime-dependent fracture and seismicity effects in brittle rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(7):1075-1089.
Ni Z Q,Kong J M,A F Y.2012.Physical model test of rocky slope failurecontaining intermittent joints under earthquake action[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,34(3):209~214.
Rossmanith H P,Mishnaevsky L Jr,Knasmillner R E,et al.1996.Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture and damage of rock duringimpact[A]∥Numerical Methods in Engineering Simulation(Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Methodsin Engineering and Applied Sciences:CIMENTICS 96)[C].UK,Southampton:Computational Mechanics Publications,147~154.
Sun G Z.1993.Engineering geology and geological engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press.
Tang C A,Kaiser P K.1998.Numerical simulation of cumulative damageand seismic energy release during brittle rock failure--part I:fundamentals[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics andMining Sciences,35(2):113~121.
Teng G L,Chen Y M,Chi Y C,et al.2013.A study on the influencingfactors of joint rock slope stability under earthquake activity[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,35(1):119~125.
Wang G J.2004.Dem analysis on stability of unsupported tunnels injointed rock masses at different depths[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,23(7):1154~1157.
Wu C Q,Hao H,Ma G W,et al.1999.Dynamic response analysis of rockmass with stochastic properties subjected to explosive loads[J].FRAGBLAST-International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation,3(2):137~153.
Xie D Y.1988.Soil dynamics[M].Xi'an:Yi'an Jiaotong UniversityPress.
Xu G X,Yao L K,Gao Z N,et al.2008.Large-scale shaking table modeltest on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses ofslope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,27(3):624~632.
Yang G X,Wu F Q,Dong J Y,et al.2012.Study of dynamic responsecharacters and failure mechanism of rock slope underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,31(4):696~702.
Ye H L,Zheng Y R,Du X L,et al.2012.Shaking table model test andnumerical analysis on dynamic failure characteristics of slope[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,45(9):128~135.
Zhang Z N,Ge X R.2005.Fracture model of jointed rock mass subjectedto seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,24(10):1645~1648.
Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S.1993.Principle of engineering geologyanalysis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Zheng Y R,Ye H L,Huang R Q.2009.Analysis and discussion of failuremechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,28(8):1714~1723.
丁遂栋,孙利民.1997.断裂力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社.
董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.2011.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,32(10):2977~2983.
冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.2011.地震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,33:(1)20~25.
李书兵,苏骏,毕辉.2012.岩质边坡在地震荷载作用下的动力响应分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,8(1):212~216.
刘建军,李跃明,车爱兰.2011.地震载荷下岩质边坡动安全系数评价[J].应用力学学报,28(6):595~601.
倪振强,孔纪名,阿发友.2012.地震作用下非贯通节理岩体斜坡破坏的物理模型试验研究[J].西北地震学报,34(3):209~214.
孙广忠.1993.工程地质与地质工程[M].北京:地震出版社.
滕光亮,陈永明,石玉成,等.2013.地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究[J].地震工程学报,35(1):119~125.
王贵君.2004.节理裂隙岩体中不同埋深无支护暗挖隧洞稳定性的离散元法数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(7):1154-1157.
谢定义.1988.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.2008.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,27(3):624~632.
杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.2012.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(4):696~702.
叶海林,郑颖人,杜修力,等.2012.边坡动力破坏特征的振动台模型试验与数值分析[J].土木工程学报,45(9):128~135.
张振南,葛修润.2005.地震载荷作用下的节理岩体破裂模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,24(10):1645~1648.
张倬元,王士天,王兰生.1993.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.
郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.2009.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,28(8):1714~1723.
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