地震定位研究及应用综述
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摘要
地震定位是地震学中最经典、最基本的问题之一,提高定位精度也一直是地震学应用研究的重要课题之一。本文就目前各种地震定位方法进行了大体分类并概述了基本原理及其应用,介绍了目前在国内各实时地震观测系统中应用的台网定位方法,同时将部分台网方法应用于黑龙江省绥棱爆破的定位。
Earthquake locating is one of the classic and basic problems in seismology, and to improve locating precision is still an important problem in seismological application study. Quiddity of earthquake locating is computing a minimum of objective function. There are some differences between obsevration travel-time and theory travel-time of both stations and imaginal hypocenter. Many kinds of methods of earthquake location are developed by 3D-velocity model. This paper sorts all earthquake locating methods currently used and summarizes basic theory and application of them. It introduces network locating methods used by each earthquake real-time observation system in China, at the same time some of these methods were used in blasting locating in Suiling, Heilongjiang Province.
Earthquake locating is one of the classic and basic problems in seismology, and to improve locating precision is still an important problem in seismological application study. Quiddity of earthquake locating is computing a minimum of objective function. There are some differences between obsevration travel-time and theory travel-time of both stations and imaginal hypocenter. Many kinds of methods of earthquake location are developed by 3D-velocity model. This paper sorts all earthquake locating methods currently used and summarizes basic theory and application of them. It introduces network locating methods used by each earthquake real-time observation system in China, at the same time some of these methods were used in blasting locating in Suiling, Heilongjiang Province.
引文
[1] 朱元清,赵仲和.提高地震定位精度新方法的研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1997,18(5):59~66.
[2] GeigerL.Probabilitymethodforthedeterminationofearthquakeepicentersfromarrivaltimeonly[R].Bull.St.Louis.Univ,191260~71.
[3] 陈棋福,张跃勤,周静.数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究[J].地震,2001,21(2):29~40.
[4] LeeWHK,JCLahr.HYPO71:Acomputerprogramfordetermininghypocentermagnitudeandfirstmotionpatternoflocalearthquakes[R].U.S.Geol.Surv.OpenFileRept,197575~311.
[5] JohnCLahrHYPOELLIPSE:AComputerProgramforDeterminingLocalEarthquakeHgpocenterParameters,Magnitude,andFirst-MotionPat tern[Z].http://pwbus.usgs.gov/of1999/ofr-99-00231.
[6] 赵仲和.多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用[J].地震学报,1983,5(2):242~254.
[7] 周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京,等.主地震定位方法分析以及1997年新疆伽师震群高精度定位[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):258~265.
[8] WaldhauserF,WLEllsworth.Adouble differenceearthquakelocationalgorithm: methodandapplicationtothenorthernHaywardfault,Cali fornia[J].BSSA90,1353~1368.
[9] ZhangH,CHThurber.Double differencetomography:ThemethodanditsapplicationtotheHaywardfault,California[J].BSSA,2003,93(5):1875~1889
[10] 杨智娴,陈运泰.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北-尚义地震序列的震源参数[J]地震学报,2002,24(4):366~377.
[11] 杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军,等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,26(2):115~120.
[12] PowouMJ.Anofficiontmethodforfindingtheminimunofafunctionofseveralvariablewithoutcalculatingderivatives[J].ComputerJ,1964,7(2):155~162.
[13] 万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J]地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1~7.
[14] 周民都,张元生,张树勋,等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J]西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171.
[15] WilliamRodiE,RobertEngdahl.Anewgrid searchmultiple eventlocationalgorithmandacomparisonofmethods[A].24thSeismicResearchReviewNuclearExplosionMonitoring:InnovationandIntegration[C].LosAlamosNationalLaboratoryLA-UR-02-5048,PonteVedraBeach,Florida,2002403~411.
[16] RodiW,MNToksZ.Grid searchtechniquesforseismiceventlocation[A].Proceedings,22ndAnnualDoD/DOESeismicResearchSymposi um,NewOrleans.
[17] EngdhlER,VanderHilstRD,BulandRP.Globalteleseismicearthquakerelocationwithimprovedtraveltimesandproduresfordepthdetemina tion[J].BullSeismolSocAMER,1998,88:722~743.
[18] MooneyWD,LaskeG,MastersTG.Crust5.1:aglobalcrustalmodelat5×5degree[J].JGeophysRes,1998,103:727~747.
[19] SmithGP,EkstromG Improvingteleseismiceventlocationusingathree imensionalEarthmodel[J]BSSA,1996,86:788~796.
[20] 宋锐,顾小红,王永力,等.国家数字地震台网中心实时处理及大地震速报软件系统[J].地震,2001,21(4):48~59.
[21] 中国地震局监测预报司,数字地震观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2003365~368.
[22] 汪碧澜,苏国君.成都数字遥测地震台网地震速报几个定位软件的比较与讨论[J].四川地震,2001,(6):29~34.
[23] 国家地震局地球物理研究所,近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社,197835~127.
[24] 朱介寿.地震学中的计算方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[25] 赵珠,丁志峰,易桂喜,等.西藏地震定位—一种使用单纯形优化的非线性方法[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):212~219.
[26] 唐光伟.LOCT近震综合处理程序的原理与应用[J].东北地震研究1994,10(2):75~87.
[27] PavlisGL,JRBookerProgressivemultipleeventlocation(PMEL)[J].BSSA1983,73(6):1753~1777.
[28] ThurberCH.Nonlinearearthquakelocation: theoryandexamples[J].BSSA,1985,75(3):779~790.
[29] Walter,WRKDSmith,JLO'Boyle, etalImprovingthefundamentalunderstandingofregionalseismicsignalprocessingwithauniquewesternUnitedStatesdataset[A].Proceedings,25thSeismicResearchReview[C].Tucson,Arizona,2003.
[30] WolfeCJ Onthemathematicsofusingdifferenceoperatorstorelocateearthquakes[J].BSSA,2003,92:2879~2892.
[2] GeigerL.Probabilitymethodforthedeterminationofearthquakeepicentersfromarrivaltimeonly[R].Bull.St.Louis.Univ,191260~71.
[3] 陈棋福,张跃勤,周静.数字观测时代的全球三维结构与地震定位研究[J].地震,2001,21(2):29~40.
[4] LeeWHK,JCLahr.HYPO71:Acomputerprogramfordetermininghypocentermagnitudeandfirstmotionpatternoflocalearthquakes[R].U.S.Geol.Surv.OpenFileRept,197575~311.
[5] JohnCLahrHYPOELLIPSE:AComputerProgramforDeterminingLocalEarthquakeHgpocenterParameters,Magnitude,andFirst-MotionPat tern[Z].http://pwbus.usgs.gov/of1999/ofr-99-00231.
[6] 赵仲和.多重模型地震定位程序及其在北京台网的应用[J].地震学报,1983,5(2):242~254.
[7] 周仕勇,许忠淮,韩京,等.主地震定位方法分析以及1997年新疆伽师震群高精度定位[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):258~265.
[8] WaldhauserF,WLEllsworth.Adouble differenceearthquakelocationalgorithm: methodandapplicationtothenorthernHaywardfault,Cali fornia[J].BSSA90,1353~1368.
[9] ZhangH,CHThurber.Double differencetomography:ThemethodanditsapplicationtotheHaywardfault,California[J].BSSA,2003,93(5):1875~1889
[10] 杨智娴,陈运泰.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北-尚义地震序列的震源参数[J]地震学报,2002,24(4):366~377.
[11] 杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军,等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用[J].中国科学(D辑),2004,26(2):115~120.
[12] PowouMJ.Anofficiontmethodforfindingtheminimunofafunctionofseveralvariablewithoutcalculatingderivatives[J].ComputerJ,1964,7(2):155~162.
[13] 万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J]地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1~7.
[14] 周民都,张元生,张树勋,等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用[J]西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171.
[15] WilliamRodiE,RobertEngdahl.Anewgrid searchmultiple eventlocationalgorithmandacomparisonofmethods[A].24thSeismicResearchReviewNuclearExplosionMonitoring:InnovationandIntegration[C].LosAlamosNationalLaboratoryLA-UR-02-5048,PonteVedraBeach,Florida,2002403~411.
[16] RodiW,MNToksZ.Grid searchtechniquesforseismiceventlocation[A].Proceedings,22ndAnnualDoD/DOESeismicResearchSymposi um,NewOrleans.
[17] EngdhlER,VanderHilstRD,BulandRP.Globalteleseismicearthquakerelocationwithimprovedtraveltimesandproduresfordepthdetemina tion[J].BullSeismolSocAMER,1998,88:722~743.
[18] MooneyWD,LaskeG,MastersTG.Crust5.1:aglobalcrustalmodelat5×5degree[J].JGeophysRes,1998,103:727~747.
[19] SmithGP,EkstromG Improvingteleseismiceventlocationusingathree imensionalEarthmodel[J]BSSA,1996,86:788~796.
[20] 宋锐,顾小红,王永力,等.国家数字地震台网中心实时处理及大地震速报软件系统[J].地震,2001,21(4):48~59.
[21] 中国地震局监测预报司,数字地震观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2003365~368.
[22] 汪碧澜,苏国君.成都数字遥测地震台网地震速报几个定位软件的比较与讨论[J].四川地震,2001,(6):29~34.
[23] 国家地震局地球物理研究所,近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社,197835~127.
[24] 朱介寿.地震学中的计算方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[25] 赵珠,丁志峰,易桂喜,等.西藏地震定位—一种使用单纯形优化的非线性方法[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):212~219.
[26] 唐光伟.LOCT近震综合处理程序的原理与应用[J].东北地震研究1994,10(2):75~87.
[27] PavlisGL,JRBookerProgressivemultipleeventlocation(PMEL)[J].BSSA1983,73(6):1753~1777.
[28] ThurberCH.Nonlinearearthquakelocation: theoryandexamples[J].BSSA,1985,75(3):779~790.
[29] Walter,WRKDSmith,JLO'Boyle, etalImprovingthefundamentalunderstandingofregionalseismicsignalprocessingwithauniquewesternUnitedStatesdataset[A].Proceedings,25thSeismicResearchReview[C].Tucson,Arizona,2003.
[30] WolfeCJ Onthemathematicsofusingdifferenceoperatorstorelocateearthquakes[J].BSSA,2003,92:2879~2892.
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