地震属性在古地貌分析中的应用
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摘要
随着地球物理技术和方法的飞速发展,地震沉积学应运而生。它将地震地层学、高精度层序地层学和新兴的应用沉积学科融合在一起,应用高分辨率的地震资料分析沉积岩及其形成环境。地震古地貌分析作为地震沉积学研究的核心内容,已经成为一个新兴的研究方向,其关键是研究沉积体的平面展布。大量研究也证实了三维地震资料能够对沉积体成像,每个沉积要素(或单元)各自有其独特的形态和地震表现特征。利用地震资料的横向高分辨率,提取能够反应沉积体岩性、物性的变化的地震属性切片,有助于恢复古地貌。本文简要介绍了吸收衰减类、振幅(能量)类、速度(波阻抗)类,相干类四种地震属性的物理意义、地质意义及其应用。
With the development of geophysical technology and method,seismic sedimentary which involving seismic stratigraphy,high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology uses high-resolution seismic data to analysis the sediments and its environment has became a new marginal discipline.A large number of studies have confirmed that the three-dimensional seismic data can provide image pairs to sedimentary body,and each deposited elements(or units) have their own unique configuration and performance characteristics of the seismic.With horizontal high-resolution seismic data and seismic attributes reflecting lithology,physical property changes in sections,can help to restore the ancient landscape.This paper briefly describes four types of seismic attributes,which contains the absorption(decay) classes,amplitude(energy) type,speed(wave impedance) categories,coherent categories and the physical meaning and geological significance of its application.
With the development of geophysical technology and method,seismic sedimentary which involving seismic stratigraphy,high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology uses high-resolution seismic data to analysis the sediments and its environment has became a new marginal discipline.A large number of studies have confirmed that the three-dimensional seismic data can provide image pairs to sedimentary body,and each deposited elements(or units) have their own unique configuration and performance characteristics of the seismic.With horizontal high-resolution seismic data and seismic attributes reflecting lithology,physical property changes in sections,can help to restore the ancient landscape.This paper briefly describes four types of seismic attributes,which contains the absorption(decay) classes,amplitude(energy) type,speed(wave impedance) categories,coherent categories and the physical meaning and geological significance of its application.
引文
[1]Zeng H L,Hentz T F.High-frequencysequence stratigraphy from seismicsedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block 50,Tiger Shoal area,Offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[2]Morgan R.Structural controls on t hepositioning of submarine channels on thelower slopes of the Niger Delta[A].In:Davies R J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,etal,eds.3D Seismic Technology:Application to t he Exploration ofSedimentary Basins,Geological SocietyMemoir 29[C].London:Geol Soc Press,2004.45~51.
[3]Mahapatra S N,Imhof M G.Seismicattribute analysis and geobodyvisualization:Detection and delineation ofhigh-gamma sand sequences in a steam-affected and merged 3D seismic dataset ofa highly heterogeneous reservoir[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76thAnnualInternational SEG Meeting,2006,1605~1609.
[4]在干燥岩石与饱和岩石中地震波的衰减[J].石油物探译丛,1986.18~40.
[5]Hongliu Zeng and Charles Kerans.Seismicfrequency control on carbonate seismicstratigraphy:A case study of the KingdomAbo sequence,west Texas.AAPGBulletin,2003,87(2):273~293.
[6]孙夕平,杜世通.相干体技术的算法研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然版),2003,27(2):1~5.
[7]Dvorkin,J.and Uden,R.,2004,SeismicWave Attenuation in a Methane HydrateReservoir,The Leading Edge,23,730-732(August 2004).
[8]Bahorich,M.S.,and S.L.Farmer,1995,3-D seismic coherency for faults andstratigraphic features:The Leading Edge,14,1053-1058.
[9]苏朝光.相干分析技术在泥岩裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):197~201.
[10]孙夕平,杜世通.边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):469~472.
[11]Randen,T.,E.Monsen,C.Signer,A.Abrahamsen,J.Hansen,T.Saeter,andJ.Schlaf,2000,Three-dimen-sionaltexture attributes for seismic data analysis,70th Annual International meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,668-671.
[2]Morgan R.Structural controls on t hepositioning of submarine channels on thelower slopes of the Niger Delta[A].In:Davies R J,Cartwright J,Stewart S A,etal,eds.3D Seismic Technology:Application to t he Exploration ofSedimentary Basins,Geological SocietyMemoir 29[C].London:Geol Soc Press,2004.45~51.
[3]Mahapatra S N,Imhof M G.Seismicattribute analysis and geobodyvisualization:Detection and delineation ofhigh-gamma sand sequences in a steam-affected and merged 3D seismic dataset ofa highly heterogeneous reservoir[J].Expanded Abstracts of 76thAnnualInternational SEG Meeting,2006,1605~1609.
[4]在干燥岩石与饱和岩石中地震波的衰减[J].石油物探译丛,1986.18~40.
[5]Hongliu Zeng and Charles Kerans.Seismicfrequency control on carbonate seismicstratigraphy:A case study of the KingdomAbo sequence,west Texas.AAPGBulletin,2003,87(2):273~293.
[6]孙夕平,杜世通.相干体技术的算法研究及其在地震资料解释中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然版),2003,27(2):1~5.
[7]Dvorkin,J.and Uden,R.,2004,SeismicWave Attenuation in a Methane HydrateReservoir,The Leading Edge,23,730-732(August 2004).
[8]Bahorich,M.S.,and S.L.Farmer,1995,3-D seismic coherency for faults andstratigraphic features:The Leading Edge,14,1053-1058.
[9]苏朝光.相干分析技术在泥岩裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):197~201.
[10]孙夕平,杜世通.边缘检测技术在河道和储层小断裂成像中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):469~472.
[11]Randen,T.,E.Monsen,C.Signer,A.Abrahamsen,J.Hansen,T.Saeter,andJ.Schlaf,2000,Three-dimen-sionaltexture attributes for seismic data analysis,70th Annual International meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,668-671.
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