南方碳酸盐岩裸露区地震采集观测系统优化及应用
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摘要
南方碳酸盐岩裸露区地表地下地震条件极为复杂,属于典型喀斯特地貌。该区地表岩性多为石灰岩、岩溶,裂缝发育、激发和接收条件复杂,导致不同地形地表条件下单炮品质差异大、整体资料信噪比低的难题,常规地震采集方法难以奏效。对该地区地震采集观测系统设计方法进行了一系列的探索和攻关,对比和分析了各种观测系统的优势和缺点,通过不断实践,探索出采用"宽线+弯线+高覆盖+长排列"观测系统,并在对观测系统进行充分论证的基础上利用高精度遥感数据对测线进行优化,这样既提高了单炮激发和接收效果,使整体地震资料品质有较大的改善,同时也在一定程度上降低了山地采集施工难度,具有很好的适用性,达到了在该地区进行观测系统优化的预期效果。
Surface and subsurface seismic conditions are very complicated in bare carbonate rock area in the south,which is typical karst geomorphology.Surface lithology of the area is mostly limestone and karst,and the conditions for fracture development,excitation and receiving are complicated.As a result,single-shot quality varies a lot and signal-to-noise ratio of acquired data is usually low with different topography and surface conditions.So conventional seismic acquisition methods could not work well.Systematic research was conducted on the designing method for seismic pattern layout of the area,comparing and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of different layout.Through continuous practice,a layout of òwide line+curved line+high fold+long arrangementó was explored,and the survey line was optimized using high-accuracy remote sensing data on the basis of sufficient demonstration.This did not only improve the single-shot excitation and receiving effect,but also enhanced overall quality of seismic data greatly.At the same time,seismic work became easier in the mountain to certain degree.The seismic pattern layout has high adaptability,and expected result of layout optimization was achieved in the area.
Surface and subsurface seismic conditions are very complicated in bare carbonate rock area in the south,which is typical karst geomorphology.Surface lithology of the area is mostly limestone and karst,and the conditions for fracture development,excitation and receiving are complicated.As a result,single-shot quality varies a lot and signal-to-noise ratio of acquired data is usually low with different topography and surface conditions.So conventional seismic acquisition methods could not work well.Systematic research was conducted on the designing method for seismic pattern layout of the area,comparing and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of different layout.Through continuous practice,a layout of òwide line+curved line+high fold+long arrangementó was explored,and the survey line was optimized using high-accuracy remote sensing data on the basis of sufficient demonstration.This did not only improve the single-shot excitation and receiving effect,but also enhanced overall quality of seismic data greatly.At the same time,seismic work became easier in the mountain to certain degree.The seismic pattern layout has high adaptability,and expected result of layout optimization was achieved in the area.
引文
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[3]张水昌,汪泽成.中国海相油气成藏特征与富集主控因素[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):5～10.
[4]孙树强.黔桂地区上古生界海相储集岩特征及评价[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(3):29～31.
[5]云美厚.南方山前带地震勘探问题与认识[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊):300～302.
[6]李学义.四川盆地碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探技术难点及对策探讨[J].天然气工业,2000,20(2):12～16.
[7]杨雄.碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探采集方法研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(3):361～364.
[8]杜金虎,赵邦六,王喜双,等.中国石油物探技术攻关成效及成功做法[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(5-6):1～7.
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