基于图像信息的地震断层增强方法及其应用
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摘要
随着石油开采程度的不断加深,勘察地下隐伏的地质构造显得尤为重要,特别是那些对石油勘探与开发有重要影响的断层.由于地震数据的采集受到多种因素的影响,降低了数据质量和信噪比,干扰断层解释的准确性.本文采用的基于图像处理的地震断层增强技术,能够减少各种随机因素的影响,使断层刻画得更清晰,边界轮廓更清楚.该技术主要是在图像信息提取的基础上,利用地震剖面的方向和各向异性等信息,进行广义Kuwahara滤波,达到对断层增强的目的.该技术在断层解释方面有较好的应用价值.
As the deepening oil exploitation of degree,investigation of insidious underground geological structure is particularly important,especially those faults has an important impact on the exploration and development of oil.However,seismic data are affected by various kinds of factors in the progress of data acquisition,which reduces the SNR of the seismic data,and then interfere with the accuracy of interpretation of the geological structure.This paper is based on image processing of the enhancement of fault of technique.It could reduce the impact of random factors and depicte the fault and the boundary more clearly.The technology combine the image of the anisotropy and the orientation and so on with generalized Kuwahara filter in order to the fault enhance on basis of the image of the information extraction.The technique in the interpretation of the construction of fault has a most important value.
As the deepening oil exploitation of degree,investigation of insidious underground geological structure is particularly important,especially those faults has an important impact on the exploration and development of oil.However,seismic data are affected by various kinds of factors in the progress of data acquisition,which reduces the SNR of the seismic data,and then interfere with the accuracy of interpretation of the geological structure.This paper is based on image processing of the enhancement of fault of technique.It could reduce the impact of random factors and depicte the fault and the boundary more clearly.The technology combine the image of the anisotropy and the orientation and so on with generalized Kuwahara filter in order to the fault enhance on basis of the image of the information extraction.The technique in the interpretation of the construction of fault has a most important value.
引文
[1]宋维琪,刘江华.地震多矢量属性相干数据体计算及应用[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):128-130.SONG W Q,LIU J H.The calculation and application ofcoherence data body of seismic multi-vector attributes[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration.(in Chinese),2003,27(2):128-130.
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[5]Peter BAKKER.Image structure analysis for seismic interpretation[Ph.D.thesis].Deflt:Deflt University of Technogy.2002,6:12-29.
[6]P.Bakker,L.J.van Viet,P.W.Verbeek.Edge preservingorientation adaptive filtering.Computer Vision and PatternRecongition Conference,Colorado,U.S.A.1999,535-540.
[7]Joachim Weickert.Anisotropic Diffusion in Image Processing[Ph.d.thesis]:13,24-25.
[8]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germaine C,et al.Seismic fault preservingdiffusion,2007,61(2):132-141.
[9]Freeman W T.Steerable filter and local analysis of image structure[Ph.D.thesis].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,1992:30-45.
[10]刘财,李红星,陶春辉,等.模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1534-1542.LIU C,LI X H,TAO C H,et al.A new fuzzy nestingmultilevel median filter and its application to seismic[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(5):1534-1542.
[11]Bahorich M S,Farmer S L.The coherency cube.LeadingEdge,1995.10:1053-1058.
[12]Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructur-based.coherencecomputation as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphicmapping.geophysics,1999,64:1468-1479.
[13]Cohen I,Coult N,Vassiliou A.Detection and extraction offault surfaces in 3Dseismic data.Geophysics,2006,71(4):21-27.
[14]刘海飞,阮百尧,柳建新.变阻尼共轭梯度算法及其性能分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):89-93.LIU H F,RUAN B Y,LIU J X.The conjugate gradientalgorithm of variational damping and its capability analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):89-93.
[15]吴晶,高原,陈运泰,黄金莉.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209-220.WU J,GAO Y,CHEN Y T,HUANG J L.Seismic anisotropyin the crust in northwestern capital area of China[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):209-220.
[16]魏建新,狄帮让,王椿镛.岩石正交各向异性的实验观测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):343-350.WEX J X,DI B R,WANG C Y.The experimentalobservation of the rock orthorhombic anisotropy[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):343-350.
[17]刘永霞,徐涛,赵兵,刘春成.自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地震波场动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):221-232.LIU Y X,XU T,ZHAO B,LIU C C.Seismic sounding ofanisotropic self-similar self-organized medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):221-232.
[18]刘礼农,陈小宏,张剑锋,刘洪.轴对称各向异性介质波动方程深度偏移的对称非平稳相移方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):277-284.LIU L N,GHEN X H,ZHANG J F,LIU H.Wave equationdepth migration with symmetric non-stationary phase shiftmethod in axi-symmetrical anisotropic media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):277-284.
[19]王童奎,李瑞华,李小凡,张美根,龙桂华.横向各向同性介质中地震波场谱元法数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):778-784.WANG T k,LI R H,LI X F,ZHANG M G,LONG G H.Numerical spectral-element modeling for seismic wavepropagation in transversely isotropic medium[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):778-784.
[20]严家斌,刘贵忠.基于各向异性扩散的ROBUST阻抗估计方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1403-1407.YAN J B,LIU G Z.Robust Impedance estimation methodbased on anisotropic diffusion[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1403-1407.
[21]房立华,吴建平.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收数的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):42-50.Fang L H,Wu J P.Effects of dipping boundaries andanisotropic media on receiver functions[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1):42-50.
[2]王从镔,龚洪林,许多年,蔡刚.高分辨率相干体分析技术及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1575-1578.WANG C B,GONG H L,XU D N,CAI G.High-resolutioncoherency analysis technique and its application[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1575-1578.
[3]段春节,吴汉宁,马承杰,柏冠军.基于高阶统计量的相干体算法在地震中深层构造解释中应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):640-643.Duan C J,Wu H N,Ma C J,Bai G J.The Application ofhigher-order statistics coherency algorithm in seismicdatainterpretation[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):640-643,.
[4]杨培杰,穆星,张景涛.方向性边界保持增强技术[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2992-2997.Yang P J,MU X,ZHANG J T.Orientational edge preservingfault enhance[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2992-2997.
[5]Peter BAKKER.Image structure analysis for seismic interpretation[Ph.D.thesis].Deflt:Deflt University of Technogy.2002,6:12-29.
[6]P.Bakker,L.J.van Viet,P.W.Verbeek.Edge preservingorientation adaptive filtering.Computer Vision and PatternRecongition Conference,Colorado,U.S.A.1999,535-540.
[7]Joachim Weickert.Anisotropic Diffusion in Image Processing[Ph.d.thesis]:13,24-25.
[8]Lavialle O,Pop S,Germaine C,et al.Seismic fault preservingdiffusion,2007,61(2):132-141.
[9]Freeman W T.Steerable filter and local analysis of image structure[Ph.D.thesis].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,1992:30-45.
[10]刘财,李红星,陶春辉,等.模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1534-1542.LIU C,LI X H,TAO C H,et al.A new fuzzy nestingmultilevel median filter and its application to seismic[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(5):1534-1542.
[11]Bahorich M S,Farmer S L.The coherency cube.LeadingEdge,1995.10:1053-1058.
[12]Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructur-based.coherencecomputation as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphicmapping.geophysics,1999,64:1468-1479.
[13]Cohen I,Coult N,Vassiliou A.Detection and extraction offault surfaces in 3Dseismic data.Geophysics,2006,71(4):21-27.
[14]刘海飞,阮百尧,柳建新.变阻尼共轭梯度算法及其性能分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):89-93.LIU H F,RUAN B Y,LIU J X.The conjugate gradientalgorithm of variational damping and its capability analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):89-93.
[15]吴晶,高原,陈运泰,黄金莉.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209-220.WU J,GAO Y,CHEN Y T,HUANG J L.Seismic anisotropyin the crust in northwestern capital area of China[J].ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):209-220.
[16]魏建新,狄帮让,王椿镛.岩石正交各向异性的实验观测[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):343-350.WEX J X,DI B R,WANG C Y.The experimentalobservation of the rock orthorhombic anisotropy[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):343-350.
[17]刘永霞,徐涛,赵兵,刘春成.自相似型各向异性自组织介质中地震波场动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):221-232.LIU Y X,XU T,ZHAO B,LIU C C.Seismic sounding ofanisotropic self-similar self-organized medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):221-232.
[18]刘礼农,陈小宏,张剑锋,刘洪.轴对称各向异性介质波动方程深度偏移的对称非平稳相移方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):277-284.LIU L N,GHEN X H,ZHANG J F,LIU H.Wave equationdepth migration with symmetric non-stationary phase shiftmethod in axi-symmetrical anisotropic media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):277-284.
[19]王童奎,李瑞华,李小凡,张美根,龙桂华.横向各向同性介质中地震波场谱元法数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):778-784.WANG T k,LI R H,LI X F,ZHANG M G,LONG G H.Numerical spectral-element modeling for seismic wavepropagation in transversely isotropic medium[J].Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):778-784.
[20]严家斌,刘贵忠.基于各向异性扩散的ROBUST阻抗估计方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1403-1407.YAN J B,LIU G Z.Robust Impedance estimation methodbased on anisotropic diffusion[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2007,22(5):1403-1407.
[21]房立华,吴建平.倾斜界面和各向异性介质对接收数的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):42-50.Fang L H,Wu J P.Effects of dipping boundaries andanisotropic media on receiver functions[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1):42-50.
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