几种仪器烈度算法在汶川地震与芦山地震中的可靠性比较
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摘要
破坏性地震发生后,特别是在通信中断的情况下,利用仪器烈度快速估计地震动强度(烈度)的分布情况,可为开展最有效的地震应急救援提供决策依据.该文介绍了现有的几种仪器烈度算法,并利用汶川地震与芦山地震中获得的强震加速度记录对各种算法的可靠性进行了比较.结果表明,在这两次地震中只利用地震动峰值参数确定仪器烈度的算法可靠性较低,而考虑反应谱特性的算法可靠性更高.在未得到更多强震数据的检验前,建议采用袁一凡提出的仪器烈度算法,或利用谱烈度值确定仪器烈度的算法,或利用加速度反应谱值确定仪器烈度的算法.
Rapid and reliable estimation of strong ground motion(or seismic intensity)distribution based on instrumental seismic intensity can give security to earthquake emergency response soon after a destructive earthquake,especially on the situation of communication interruption.The reliabilities of eight instrumental seismic intensity algorithms are discussed using the acceleration records obtained in Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake.The results indicate that the instrumental seismic intensity evaluated by peak parameters of ground motion,such as PGA or PGV,are of lower reliabilities than the instrumental seismic intensity derived from response spectra.We suggest that the instrumental seismic intensity evaluated by Professor Yuan's algorithm,by Housner'sspectrum intensity,or by response spectra,could be accepted in China until more data are available to propose a more reliable algorithm.
Rapid and reliable estimation of strong ground motion(or seismic intensity)distribution based on instrumental seismic intensity can give security to earthquake emergency response soon after a destructive earthquake,especially on the situation of communication interruption.The reliabilities of eight instrumental seismic intensity algorithms are discussed using the acceleration records obtained in Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake.The results indicate that the instrumental seismic intensity evaluated by peak parameters of ground motion,such as PGA or PGV,are of lower reliabilities than the instrumental seismic intensity derived from response spectra.We suggest that the instrumental seismic intensity evaluated by Professor Yuan's algorithm,by Housner'sspectrum intensity,or by response spectra,could be accepted in China until more data are available to propose a more reliable algorithm.
引文
福建省质量技术监督局.2012.地震仪器烈度表(DB35/T 1308-2012)[S].福州:福建省质量技术监督局:1--5.
李敏.2010.地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所:44--52.
王玉石,周正华,兰日清.2010.利用修正谱烈度确定我国西部地区仪器烈度的建议方法[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,18(S1):119--129.
王玉石,周正华,王伟.2008.基于假设检验的地震动强度(烈度)速报方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,28(5):49--54.
袁一凡.1998.由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所:1--42.
袁一凡.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震损失评估[J].地震工程与工程振动,28(5):10--19.中国地震局.2013.
中国地震局发布四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震烈度图[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/465/539/20130426185746117952058/index.html.
中国地震局震害防御司.2008.汶川8.0级地震未校正加速度记录[M].北京:地震出版社:1--5.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2008.中国地震烈度表(GB17742-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1--4.
Atkinson G M,Kaka S I.2007.Relationships between felt intensity and instrumental ground motion in the Central United States and California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,97(2):497--510.
Boatwright J,Thywissen K,Seekins L C.2001.Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17January 1994Northridge,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,91(4):739--752.
Chernov Y K,Sokolov V Y.1999.Correlation of seismic intensity with Fourier acceleration spectra[J].Phys Chem Earth:Pt A,24(6):523--528.
Fahjan Y M,Alcik H,Sari A.2011.Applications of cumulative absolute velocity to urban earthquake early warning systems[J].J Seismol,15(2):355--373.
Housner G W.1952.Spectrum intensity of strong-motion earthquakes[C]∥Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquake and Blast Effects on Structures.Oakland:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute:20--36.
Kaka S I,Atkinson G M.2004.Relationships between instrumental ground-motion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in Eastern North America[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,94(5):1728--1736.
Karim K R,Yamazaki F.2001.Estimation of the JMA seismic intensity from liquefied record and its correlation with strong motion parameters[C]∥Proceedings of the 26th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium.Sapporo:Japan Society of Civil Engineers:253--256.
Karim K R,Yamazaki F.2002.Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,31(5):1191--1212.
Linkimer L.2008.Relationship between peak ground acceleration and modified Mercalli intensity in Costa Rica[J].Revista Geológica de Amérrca Central,38(1):81--94.
Margottini C,Molin D,Serva L.1992.Intensity versus ground motion:a new approach using Italian data[J].Eng Geol,33(1):45--58.
Shabestari K T,Yamazaki F.2001.A proposal of instrumental seismic intensity scale compatible with MMI evaluated from three-component acceleration records[J].Earthq Spectra,17(4):711--723.
Sokolov V Y.2002.Seismic intensity and Fourier acceleration spectra:revised relationship[J].Earthq Spectra,18(1):161--187.
Sokolov V Y,Chernov Y K.1998.On the correlation of seismic intensity with Fourier amplitude spectra[J].Earthq Spectra,14(4):679--694.
Trifunac M D,Brady A G.1975.A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,65(3):581--626.
Trifunac M D,Westermo B.1977.A note on the correlation of frequency-dependent duration of strong earthquake ground motion with the modified Mercalli intensity and the geologic conditions at the recording stations[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,67(3):917--927.
Wald D J,Quitoriano V,Heaton T H,Kanamori H.1999.Relationships between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity and modified Mercalli intensity in California[J].Earthq Spectra,15(3):557--564.
Wang Y,Li X,Zhou Z.2013.A new instrumental measure of epicentral shaking intensity in Western China[J].Bull Earthquake Eng,11(4):913--924.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(4):974--1002.
Wu Y M,Teng T L,Shin T C,Hsiao N C.2003.Relationship between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and intensity in Taiwan[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,93(1):386--396.
李敏.2010.地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所:44--52.
王玉石,周正华,兰日清.2010.利用修正谱烈度确定我国西部地区仪器烈度的建议方法[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,18(S1):119--129.
王玉石,周正华,王伟.2008.基于假设检验的地震动强度(烈度)速报方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,28(5):49--54.
袁一凡.1998.由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所:1--42.
袁一凡.2008.四川汶川8.0级地震损失评估[J].地震工程与工程振动,28(5):10--19.中国地震局.2013.
中国地震局发布四川省芦山“4·20”7.0级强烈地震烈度图[EB/OL].[2013-04-25].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/465/539/20130426185746117952058/index.html.
中国地震局震害防御司.2008.汶川8.0级地震未校正加速度记录[M].北京:地震出版社:1--5.
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.2008.中国地震烈度表(GB17742-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社:1--4.
Atkinson G M,Kaka S I.2007.Relationships between felt intensity and instrumental ground motion in the Central United States and California[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,97(2):497--510.
Boatwright J,Thywissen K,Seekins L C.2001.Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17January 1994Northridge,California,earthquake[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,91(4):739--752.
Chernov Y K,Sokolov V Y.1999.Correlation of seismic intensity with Fourier acceleration spectra[J].Phys Chem Earth:Pt A,24(6):523--528.
Fahjan Y M,Alcik H,Sari A.2011.Applications of cumulative absolute velocity to urban earthquake early warning systems[J].J Seismol,15(2):355--373.
Housner G W.1952.Spectrum intensity of strong-motion earthquakes[C]∥Proceedings of the Symposium on Earthquake and Blast Effects on Structures.Oakland:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute:20--36.
Kaka S I,Atkinson G M.2004.Relationships between instrumental ground-motion parameters and modified Mercalli intensity in Eastern North America[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,94(5):1728--1736.
Karim K R,Yamazaki F.2001.Estimation of the JMA seismic intensity from liquefied record and its correlation with strong motion parameters[C]∥Proceedings of the 26th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium.Sapporo:Japan Society of Civil Engineers:253--256.
Karim K R,Yamazaki F.2002.Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,31(5):1191--1212.
Linkimer L.2008.Relationship between peak ground acceleration and modified Mercalli intensity in Costa Rica[J].Revista Geológica de Amérrca Central,38(1):81--94.
Margottini C,Molin D,Serva L.1992.Intensity versus ground motion:a new approach using Italian data[J].Eng Geol,33(1):45--58.
Shabestari K T,Yamazaki F.2001.A proposal of instrumental seismic intensity scale compatible with MMI evaluated from three-component acceleration records[J].Earthq Spectra,17(4):711--723.
Sokolov V Y.2002.Seismic intensity and Fourier acceleration spectra:revised relationship[J].Earthq Spectra,18(1):161--187.
Sokolov V Y,Chernov Y K.1998.On the correlation of seismic intensity with Fourier amplitude spectra[J].Earthq Spectra,14(4):679--694.
Trifunac M D,Brady A G.1975.A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,65(3):581--626.
Trifunac M D,Westermo B.1977.A note on the correlation of frequency-dependent duration of strong earthquake ground motion with the modified Mercalli intensity and the geologic conditions at the recording stations[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,67(3):917--927.
Wald D J,Quitoriano V,Heaton T H,Kanamori H.1999.Relationships between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity and modified Mercalli intensity in California[J].Earthq Spectra,15(3):557--564.
Wang Y,Li X,Zhou Z.2013.A new instrumental measure of epicentral shaking intensity in Western China[J].Bull Earthquake Eng,11(4):913--924.
Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,84(4):974--1002.
Wu Y M,Teng T L,Shin T C,Hsiao N C.2003.Relationship between peak ground acceleration,peak ground velocity,and intensity in Taiwan[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,93(1):386--396.
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