爆炸地震波荷载下饱和砂土液化有效应力法分析
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摘要
基于有效应力动力分析法,采用Byrne体变孔压模型,运用二维显式有限差分程序FLAC对饱和砂土分别在单点、两点(微差)和多点(微差)爆炸地震波荷载作用下进行有效应力法分析,分别考虑了水平、微倾以及斜坡场地3种工况,数值模拟结果表明,少量参数的体变模型在进行液化分析时具有简单实用等特点,并且不同场地的砂土特性不尽相同。
Liquefaction in saturated sandy soil can also be caused by explosive loadings.Compared with the investigation of seismic liquefaction,the study of explosive liquefaction is still in testing and its theoretic study is also primary and obvious.It is still unreported about the study of explosive liquefaction using effective stress models all over the world.In fact,because of its few parameters,sample and practical,the effective stress models are widely used.According to effective stress dynamic analysis method,Byrne′s volume strain model is used to simulate the effective stress analysis of saturated soil under single-point,two-point and multi-point explosion seismic waves,respectively,with FLAC code which is a two-dimensional explicit program.Three kinds of fields are considered,such as the level,little-obliquity,and slope ground.The results of numerical simulation indicate that it is simple and practical to analyze liquefaction using volume strain model with few parameters,and the characteristics of saturated sandy soil are different with fields.For some depths of calculated soili,t has little effect on liquefaction with small angle while its effect can not be ignored after exceeding a certain degree.So the characteristic of liquefaction in saturated sandy soil is widely varied with different obliquity while the other conditions are the same.The graphs of isoline states after simulating can be presented with the effective stress and pore water pressure in dams under dynamic loadings while the effective stress analysis of dams are performed under explosion loadings.
Liquefaction in saturated sandy soil can also be caused by explosive loadings.Compared with the investigation of seismic liquefaction,the study of explosive liquefaction is still in testing and its theoretic study is also primary and obvious.It is still unreported about the study of explosive liquefaction using effective stress models all over the world.In fact,because of its few parameters,sample and practical,the effective stress models are widely used.According to effective stress dynamic analysis method,Byrne′s volume strain model is used to simulate the effective stress analysis of saturated soil under single-point,two-point and multi-point explosion seismic waves,respectively,with FLAC code which is a two-dimensional explicit program.Three kinds of fields are considered,such as the level,little-obliquity,and slope ground.The results of numerical simulation indicate that it is simple and practical to analyze liquefaction using volume strain model with few parameters,and the characteristics of saturated sandy soil are different with fields.For some depths of calculated soili,t has little effect on liquefaction with small angle while its effect can not be ignored after exceeding a certain degree.So the characteristic of liquefaction in saturated sandy soil is widely varied with different obliquity while the other conditions are the same.The graphs of isoline states after simulating can be presented with the effective stress and pore water pressure in dams under dynamic loadings while the effective stress analysis of dams are performed under explosion loadings.
引文
[1]张建民,谢定义.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力增长的实用算法[J].水利学报,1991,(8):45–50.(Zhang Jianming,Xie Dingyi.Practice calculating method for increasing of vibrated pore water pressure in saturated sandy soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,(8):45–50.(in Chinese))
[2]张建民,刘公社.动荷载下饱和无粘性土孔隙水压力计算模型的分析研究[A].见:第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集[C].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.295–302.(Zhang Jianmin,Liu Gongshe.Analysis study of calculating model for pore water pressure in saturated cohesionless soil under dynamic loadings[A].In:The 3rd China Soil Dynamics Conference[C].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1990.295–302.(in Chinese))
[3]Seed H B,Philippe D,Martin J L.Pressure changes during soil liquefaction[J].JGED,ASCE,1976,102(GT4):323–346.
[4]Finn W D L,Lee K W,Martin G R.An effective stress model for liquefaction[J].JGED,ASCE,1977,103(6):517–534.
[5]石桥.孔隙水压力上升机理与土的液化[A].见:地基与基础译文集(1)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1979.(Mastouk K.The theory of development of pore water pressure and liquefaction of soil[A].In:Soil Ground and Foundation(1)[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1979.(in Chinese))
[6]Mardin G B,Finn W D L,Seed H B.Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].JGED,ASCE,1975,101(:GT5):423–438.
[7]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力研究[J].水利学报,1962,(2):37–49.(Wang Wenzhao.Study of vibration pore water pressure in saturated sandy soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1962,(2):37–49.(in Chinese))
[8]Lo K Y.The pore pressure strain relationship of normally consolidation undisturbed clays;part1:theoretical consolidations[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1969,6(1):1–11.
[9]Ishihara K.Undrained deformation and liquefaction of sand under cyclic stress[J].Soils and Foundations,1975,15(1):13–28.
[10]谢定义,张建民.周期荷载下饱和砂土瞬态孔隙水压力的变化机理与计算模型[J].土木工程学报,1990,23(2):51–60.(Xie Dingyi,Zhang Jianmin.The theory and calculated model of instantaneous pore water pressure in saturated sandy soil under cyclic loadings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1990,23(2):51–60.(in Chinese))
[11]Finn W D L,Bhatia S K.Verification of non-liner effective stress model in simple shear[A].In:Proceedings ASCE Fall Meeting[C].Florida:Hollywood-by-the Sea,1980.
[12]Youd T L.Densification and shear of sand during vibration[J].ASCE,1970,96(SM3):108–121.
[13]何广讷,曹亚林.饱和无粘性土动力反应的能量分析原理与方法[J].土木工程学报,1990,23(3):2–10.(He Guangne,Cao Yalin.Fundaments and applications of the energy method in soil dynamics[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1990,23(3):2–10.(in Chinese))
[14]Byrne P M.A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore-pressure model for sand[A].In:Proceedings of Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics[C].St.Louis,Missouri:Geotechnical Special Rublication,1991.47–55.
[15]李相松,明海燕,蔡正银.流动液化和反复流动的本构模型[A].见:第六届全国土动力学学术会议论文集:土动力学与岩土地震工程[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.3–18.(Li Xiangsong,Ming Haiyan,Cai Zhengyin.The model of flow liquefaction and cyclic flow[A].In:The 6th China Soil Dynamics Conference:Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering[C].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.3–18.(in Chinese))
[16]Ishihara K.Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquake[J].Geotechnique,1993,43(3):351–415.
[17]王明洋,国胜兵,潘宏.抗震液化的总应力合成分析方法[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(1):1–10.(Wang Mingyang,Guo Shengbing,Pan Hong.Total stress synthesized analysis method for liquefaction under seismic loadings[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2003,23(1):1–10.(in Chinese))
[2]张建民,刘公社.动荷载下饱和无粘性土孔隙水压力计算模型的分析研究[A].见:第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集[C].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.295–302.(Zhang Jianmin,Liu Gongshe.Analysis study of calculating model for pore water pressure in saturated cohesionless soil under dynamic loadings[A].In:The 3rd China Soil Dynamics Conference[C].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1990.295–302.(in Chinese))
[3]Seed H B,Philippe D,Martin J L.Pressure changes during soil liquefaction[J].JGED,ASCE,1976,102(GT4):323–346.
[4]Finn W D L,Lee K W,Martin G R.An effective stress model for liquefaction[J].JGED,ASCE,1977,103(6):517–534.
[5]石桥.孔隙水压力上升机理与土的液化[A].见:地基与基础译文集(1)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1979.(Mastouk K.The theory of development of pore water pressure and liquefaction of soil[A].In:Soil Ground and Foundation(1)[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1979.(in Chinese))
[6]Mardin G B,Finn W D L,Seed H B.Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading[J].JGED,ASCE,1975,101(:GT5):423–438.
[7]汪闻韶.饱和砂土振动孔隙水压力研究[J].水利学报,1962,(2):37–49.(Wang Wenzhao.Study of vibration pore water pressure in saturated sandy soil[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1962,(2):37–49.(in Chinese))
[8]Lo K Y.The pore pressure strain relationship of normally consolidation undisturbed clays;part1:theoretical consolidations[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1969,6(1):1–11.
[9]Ishihara K.Undrained deformation and liquefaction of sand under cyclic stress[J].Soils and Foundations,1975,15(1):13–28.
[10]谢定义,张建民.周期荷载下饱和砂土瞬态孔隙水压力的变化机理与计算模型[J].土木工程学报,1990,23(2):51–60.(Xie Dingyi,Zhang Jianmin.The theory and calculated model of instantaneous pore water pressure in saturated sandy soil under cyclic loadings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1990,23(2):51–60.(in Chinese))
[11]Finn W D L,Bhatia S K.Verification of non-liner effective stress model in simple shear[A].In:Proceedings ASCE Fall Meeting[C].Florida:Hollywood-by-the Sea,1980.
[12]Youd T L.Densification and shear of sand during vibration[J].ASCE,1970,96(SM3):108–121.
[13]何广讷,曹亚林.饱和无粘性土动力反应的能量分析原理与方法[J].土木工程学报,1990,23(3):2–10.(He Guangne,Cao Yalin.Fundaments and applications of the energy method in soil dynamics[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1990,23(3):2–10.(in Chinese))
[14]Byrne P M.A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore-pressure model for sand[A].In:Proceedings of Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics[C].St.Louis,Missouri:Geotechnical Special Rublication,1991.47–55.
[15]李相松,明海燕,蔡正银.流动液化和反复流动的本构模型[A].见:第六届全国土动力学学术会议论文集:土动力学与岩土地震工程[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.3–18.(Li Xiangsong,Ming Haiyan,Cai Zhengyin.The model of flow liquefaction and cyclic flow[A].In:The 6th China Soil Dynamics Conference:Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering[C].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.3–18.(in Chinese))
[16]Ishihara K.Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquake[J].Geotechnique,1993,43(3):351–415.
[17]王明洋,国胜兵,潘宏.抗震液化的总应力合成分析方法[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2003,23(1):1–10.(Wang Mingyang,Guo Shengbing,Pan Hong.Total stress synthesized analysis method for liquefaction under seismic loadings[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2003,23(1):1–10.(in Chinese))
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